AIM: To compare the visual quality in patients with low-to-moderate myopia after 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and conventional 0.25 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 400 cases(400 eyes)with low-to-moderate myopia that underwent SMILE in the ophthalmology department of 989th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from August 2021 to August 2023 were enrolled and the data from the right eyes were collected for analysis. According to the method of optometry test modality, they were divided into 0.05 D group and 0.25 D group, with 200 eyes in each group. The differences were compared between the two groups of patients in intraoperative corneal ablation thickness, uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), high-order corneal aberrations(HOA), spherical aberrations, vertical coma, horizontal coma and trefoil aberrations before and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after surgery. Additionally, the percentage of eyes with residual spherical equivalent(SE)≤±0.25 D, postoperative visual symptoms and scores on the quality of visual(Qov)were compared between the two groups at 6 mo after surgery.RESULTS: The corneal ablation thickness in the 0.05 D group was 92.78±16.56 μm, which was slightly higher than that in the 0.25 D group(83.24±17.33 μm; P<0.001). The UDVA at each postoperative time point in the 0.05 D group was superior to that in the 0.25 D group(all P<0.001). The HOA, spherical aberration, horizontal coma and vertical coma in the two groups at 1, 3 and 6 mo after operation were higher than those before operation(all P<0.05). The spherical aberration in the 0.05 D group at each time point after surgery were higher than those in the 0.25 D group, and vertical coma were lower than those in the 0.25 D group(all P<0.05). At 6 mo postoperatively, the percentage of eyes with residual SE ≤±0.25 D in the 0.05 D group was 97.5%(195 eyes), which was higher than 87.5%(175 eyes)in the 0.25 D group(P<0.05). The most common adverse visual symptoms after SMILE in both groups were hazy vision and glare. The total Qov score in the 0.05 D group was 0.35(0.24, 0.55), which was lower than [0.62(0.32, 0.89)] in the 0.25 D group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional 0.25 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE, the 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE for the correction of low-to-moderate myopia has better predictability and can achieve better vision and visual quality.

Objective:To screen high risk children for lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) in southern China and analyze the spectrum characteristics of LSD in this region.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 7 435 children at high risk of LSD were screened at Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University from January 2009 to December 2024. The activities of 22 lysosomal enzymes from peripheral blood leukocytes or plasma were measured by fluorescence or colorimetric assays with synthetic substrates to screen for 24 LSD subtypes.Results:Among the 7 435 high risk children, 759 children were diagnosed with LSD (10.2%). The diagnosed cases included 506 males and 253 females, with an age at diagnosis of 3.0 (2.5, 5.5) years. The common disease types were mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) (390 cases (51.4%)), sphingolipidoses (269 cases (35.4%)), glycogen storage disease (62 cases (8.2%)), and mucolipidosis types Ⅱ and Ⅲ (29 cases (3.8%)). Among the positive cases, 21 disease subtypes were identified. The 5 frequent subtypes, in descending order, were MPS type Ⅱ (197 cases (26.0%)), Gaucher disease (111 cases (14.6%)), MPS type ⅣA (87 cases (11.5%)), glycogen storage disease type Ⅱ (62 cases (8.2%)), and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) (49 cases (6.5%)). The rarest subtypes were mannosidosis, multiple sulfatase deficiency and Wolman disease, each with 1 case (0.1%).Conclusions:Enzyme activity screening is essential for diagnosing high risk children with LSD. In Southern China, the most common LSD subtypes are MPS Ⅱ, Gaucher disease, MPS ⅣA, glycogen storage disease type Ⅱ, and MLD, while mannosidosis, multiple sulfatase deficiency and Wolman disease are the rarest.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of CD4 + T cell subsets and cytokines in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and the correlation of MCTD disease activity, laboratory data, and clinical symptoms with cytokines. Methods:A total of 48 MCTD patients (including 24 newly diagnosed patients and 24 treated patients) were enrolled from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from 2018 to 2021. Meanwhile, 49 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were recruited (healthy control group). The absolute counts of CD4 + T cell subsets in peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of serum cytokines were detected by flow bead array. Analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between groups. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze related factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to detect the best cut-off value and effectiveness. Results:The absolute counts of Th1 ( P<0.01), Th2 ( P<0.01) and Treg cells ( P<0.01) in the newly diagnosed MCTD patients and the treated MCTD patients were lower than those in the healthy subjects. The levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in the two MCTD groups were higher than those in the healthy control group ( P<0.01). Further analysis revealed that the cardiac enzymes in MCTD patients included creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, aspartate aminotransferase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase were positively correlated with cytokines ( P<0.05). In addition, it was found that IL-2 was positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( r=0.477, P<0.001), but it was negatively correlated with complement C3 ( r=-0.546, P=0.002) and complement C4 ( r=-0.422, P=0.02). IL-10 was correlated with the myositis symptoms in MCTD patients and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.745 (95% CI: 0.576-0.915, P<0.05). Conclusions:This study provides insights into the unique immunological characteristics of CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in patients with MCTD, and also reveals a close correlation between cytokines and cardiac enzymes in MCTD patients. IL-2 has been shown to be associated with disease activity in MCTD patients. The level of IL-10 may be related to the occurrence of myositis symptoms in MCTD.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of CD4 + T cell subsets and cytokines in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and the correlation of MCTD disease activity, laboratory data, and clinical symptoms with cytokines. Methods:A total of 48 MCTD patients (including 24 newly diagnosed patients and 24 treated patients) were enrolled from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from 2018 to 2021. Meanwhile, 49 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were recruited (healthy control group). The absolute counts of CD4 + T cell subsets in peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of serum cytokines were detected by flow bead array. Analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between groups. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze related factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to detect the best cut-off value and effectiveness. Results:The absolute counts of Th1 ( P<0.01), Th2 ( P<0.01) and Treg cells ( P<0.01) in the newly diagnosed MCTD patients and the treated MCTD patients were lower than those in the healthy subjects. The levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in the two MCTD groups were higher than those in the healthy control group ( P<0.01). Further analysis revealed that the cardiac enzymes in MCTD patients included creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, aspartate aminotransferase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase were positively correlated with cytokines ( P<0.05). In addition, it was found that IL-2 was positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( r=0.477, P<0.001), but it was negatively correlated with complement C3 ( r=-0.546, P=0.002) and complement C4 ( r=-0.422, P=0.02). IL-10 was correlated with the myositis symptoms in MCTD patients and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.745 (95% CI: 0.576-0.915, P<0.05). Conclusions:This study provides insights into the unique immunological characteristics of CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in patients with MCTD, and also reveals a close correlation between cytokines and cardiac enzymes in MCTD patients. IL-2 has been shown to be associated with disease activity in MCTD patients. The level of IL-10 may be related to the occurrence of myositis symptoms in MCTD.

Objective:To screen high risk children for lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) in southern China and analyze the spectrum characteristics of LSD in this region.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 7 435 children at high risk of LSD were screened at Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University from January 2009 to December 2024. The activities of 22 lysosomal enzymes from peripheral blood leukocytes or plasma were measured by fluorescence or colorimetric assays with synthetic substrates to screen for 24 LSD subtypes.Results:Among the 7 435 high risk children, 759 children were diagnosed with LSD (10.2%). The diagnosed cases included 506 males and 253 females, with an age at diagnosis of 3.0 (2.5, 5.5) years. The common disease types were mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) (390 cases (51.4%)), sphingolipidoses (269 cases (35.4%)), glycogen storage disease (62 cases (8.2%)), and mucolipidosis types Ⅱ and Ⅲ (29 cases (3.8%)). Among the positive cases, 21 disease subtypes were identified. The 5 frequent subtypes, in descending order, were MPS type Ⅱ (197 cases (26.0%)), Gaucher disease (111 cases (14.6%)), MPS type ⅣA (87 cases (11.5%)), glycogen storage disease type Ⅱ (62 cases (8.2%)), and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) (49 cases (6.5%)). The rarest subtypes were mannosidosis, multiple sulfatase deficiency and Wolman disease, each with 1 case (0.1%).Conclusions:Enzyme activity screening is essential for diagnosing high risk children with LSD. In Southern China, the most common LSD subtypes are MPS Ⅱ, Gaucher disease, MPS ⅣA, glycogen storage disease type Ⅱ, and MLD, while mannosidosis, multiple sulfatase deficiency and Wolman disease are the rarest.

AIM: To investigate the early visual quality after 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for the correction of different degrees of myopia.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 200 cases(200 eyes)that underwent SMILE at the 989th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from May to September 2023 were selected. The 0.05 D optometry was used to measure diopter. According to the preoperative spherical equivalent(SE), they were divided into low-to-moderate myopic group(>-6.0 D)and high myopic group(≤-6.0 D), with 100 eyes in each group. The total high-order corneal aberration(HOA), spherical aberration, coma and trefoil aberration were compared between the two groups preoperatively and at 6 mo postoperatively, and the quality of vision questionnaire was completed.RESULTS: The HOA, spherical aberration and vertical coma aberration in the two groups at 6 mo after operation were significantly higher than those before operation(all P<0.05). At 6 mo postoperatively, the HOA, spherical aberration and vertical coma aberration in the low-to-moderate myopic group were lower than those in the high myopic group(all P<0.05). The scores of the quality of vision questionnaire, near vision, night vision, night glare and visual fatigue in the low-to-moderate myopic group were all higher than those in the high myopic group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both low-to-moderate myopia and high myopia after the 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE had some visual symptoms, but great visual quality can be obtained after surgery.

Objective We aimed to establish the benchmark characteristic map of Fuzi decoction and the determination method of multi-index components,and to clarify the key quality attributes of Fuzi decoction.Methods Fifteen batches of Fuzi decoction substance benchmarks samples were prepared;the high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)characteristic spectrum of Fuzi decoction was established;and characteristic peak attribution and similarity analysis were performed.Ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rf,and Rb1 were used as the index components to establish a method to determine ginseng content in Fuzi decoction.The value range of each quality control index was set at a limit of 70%-130%of the average value,and the quantity transfer analysis was performed on the material basis of 15 Fuzi decoction batches.Results The characteristic spectra of the 15 Fuzi decoction batches had 12 common peaks,and seven characteristic peaks of gallic acid,catechin,paeoniflorin,ginsenosides Rg1,Re,and Rb1,and atractylenolide Ⅲ were identified,with a similarity of more than 0.98.Ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rf,and Rb1 content ranges were 0.51-0.94,0.34-0.62,0.14-0.27,and 0.41-0.76 mg/g,respectively.The transfer rates of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re,Rf,and Rb1 were 12.05%-26.91%,11.15%-43.71%,and 10.53%-33.23%,respectively.Conclusion The characteristic HPLC of Fuzi decoction and the determination method of Fuzi decoction ginseng content established in this study are accurate,reproducible,and stable,laying the foundation for the quality evaluation of the key chemical properties of Fuzi decoction and its preparation.

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Objective:To investigate the application of multiscale low-rank plus sparsity (MLRS) modeling in fast ultra-high-field intracranial 4D Flow imaging.Methods:Ten healthy volunteers, 5 males and 5 females, aged 23-35 (29±4) years old, recruited from October 2022 to January 2023 at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, were prospectively collected. A MLRS model acceleration algorithm was proposed according to the characteristics of 4D Flow data based on the multiscale low-rank (MLR) model. Firstly, full sampling brain 4D Flow scans were performed on healthy volunteers using 7.0 T MR, and the acquired data were under-sampled with Gaussian distributions at different acceleration rates (R of 4, 8, 12, and 16, respectively). The root mean square error (RMSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the compressed sensing algorithm (CS), low-rank plus sparse algorithm (L+S), MLR, and MLRS model were calculated at different acceleration rates, with fully sampled data as reference. And the comparison of models was performed using the paired-samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. Pearson′s test was used to assess the correlation between hemodynamic parameters of the 4 algorithms and the fully sampled reference values at different acceleration rates, and the correlation coefficients were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:The RMSE under the same acceleration rates was MLRS, MLR, L+S, and CS models in ascending order, and the RMSE of the MLRS model was significantly lower than that of the MLR, L+S, and CS models ( P<0.05); the PSNR was MLRS, MLR, L+S, and CS models in descending order, and the PSNR of the MLRS model was significantly higher than that of the MLR, L+S, and CS model ( P<0.05). The correlation coefficients between the blood flow velocity measured by the MLRS model and the reference value were significantly higher than those of the MLR, L+S, and CS models for different acceleration rates ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The proposed MLRS algorithm is capable of accelerating ultra-high-field 4D Flow MR imaging of the brain while guaranteeing the image quality, and the MLRS model has higher reconstruction accuracy compared with conventional acceleration models at the same acceleration rate.