The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccha-ride on oxidative stress-induced liver cell damage in broiler chickens,and to study its mechanism of action.Primary broiler liver cells cultured in vitro were divided into blank control group,H2 O2 in-duction group,glycyrrhiza polysaccharide group and H2O2+glycyrrhiza polysaccharide group;CCK-8 reagent was used to detect liver cell activity in broiler chickens,JC-1 and DAPI staining kits were used to detect cell apoptosis,relevant kits were used to detect GSH-Px,SOD,CAT,MDA content,and T-AOC levels.qRT-PCR was used to detect antioxidant genes Nrf2,Keap-1,GPx1,SOD,CAT and inflammatory genes TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB,TNF-α、IL-6,IL-1β、IL-4 and IL-10.The results showed that compared with the H2O2 induced group,glycyrrhiza polysaccharide pretreat-ment could significantly enhance liver cell activity and reduce cell apoptosis in broiler chickens;compared with the H2O2 induced group,glycyrrhiza polysaccharide pretreatment could significant-ly increase cell GSH-Px,SOD,CAT,MDA content and T-AOC levels,and inhibit MDA genera-tion;qRT-PCR detection showed that glycyrrhiza polysaccharide could significantly increase the relative expression levels of Nrf2,Keap-1,GPx1,SOD,CAT,IL-4 and IL-10,while significantly re-ducing MyD88,NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β.The results indicated that glycyrrhiza polysaccha-ride enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and in-hibit TLR4 signaling pathway transduction,significantly improving oxidative stress damage in broiler liver cells.

Objective To investigate the application effect of a bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 51 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU of a tertiary A hospital in Shandong from March to September 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method,and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to random number table method.The experimental group was given the bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program,and the control group was given the routine intestinal cleaning program.Acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography score,the incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury and intra-abdominal pressure were compared between the 2 groups before intervention,on the 3rd and 5th day.Results There was an interaction effect between time and group in the comparison of acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the 2 groups(F=7.478,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury in the experimental group(23%)was lower than that in the control group(60%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The intra-abdominal pressure had an interaction effect between the 2 groups(F=47.128,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that the intra-abdominal pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program can improve acute gastrointestinal injury and reduce intra-abdominal hypertension in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective:To explore the effects of short-term particulate matter(PM)exposure and the melatonin receptor 1B(MTNR1B)gene on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index utilizing data from Fang-shan Family-based Ischemic Stroke Study in China(FISSIC).Methods:Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan District,Beijing,were included in the study.PM data were obtained from fixed monitoring stations of the National Air Pollution Monitoring System.TyG index was calculated by fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations.The associations of short-term PM exposure and rs10830963 polymorphism of the MTNR1B gene with the TyG index were assessed using mixed linear models,in which covariates such as age,sex,and lifestyles were adjusted for.Gene-environment inter-action analysis was furtherly performed using the maximum likelihood methods to explore the potential effect modifier role of rs10830963 polymorphism in the association of PM with TyG index.Results:A total of 4 395 participants from 2 084 families were included in the study,and the mean age of the study participants was(58.98±8.68)years,with 53.90％females.The results of association analyses showed that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration,TyG index increased by 0.017(95％CI:0.007-0.027),while for per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM1o,TyG index increased by 0.010(95％CI:0.003-0.017).And the associations all had lagged effects.In addition,there was a positive association between the rs10830963 polymorphism and the TyG index.For per increase in risk allele G,TyG index was elevated by 0.040(95％CI:0.004-0.076).The TyG index was 0.079(95％CI:0.005-0.152)higher in carriers of the GG genotype compared with carriers of the CC genotype.The inter-action of rs10830963 polymorphism with PM exposure had not been found to be statistically significant in the present study.Conclusion:Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with higher TyG index.The G allele of rs10830963 polymorphism in the MTNR1B gene was associated with the elevated TyG index.

Objective:To explore the association between polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)signaling pathway and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P)among Asian populations,while considering gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction.Methods:A total of 1 038 Asian NSCL/P case-parent trios were ascertained from an international consortium,which conducted a genome-wide association study using a case-parent trio design to investigate the genes affec-ting risk to NSCL/P.After stringent quality control measures,343 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)spanning across 10 pivotal genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway were selected from the original genome-wide association study(GWAS)dataset for further analysis.The transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)was used to test for SNP effects.The conditional Logistic regression models were used to test for gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction.Environmental factors collected for the study in-cluded smoking during pregnancy,passive smoking during pregnancy,alcohol intake during pregnancy,and vitamin use during pregnancy.Due to the low rates of exposure to smoking during pregnancy and al-cohol consumption during pregnancy(＜3％),only the interaction between maternal smoking during pregnancy and multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy was analyzed.The threshold for statistical significance was rigorously set at P=1.46 × 10-4,applying Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing.Results:A total of 23 SNPs in 4 genes yielded nominal association with NSCL/P(P＜0.05),but none of these associations was statistically significant after Bonferroni's multiple test correction.How-ever,there were 6 pairs of SNPs rs4939874(SMAD2)and rs1864615(TGFBR2),rs2796813(TGFB2)and rs2132298(TGFBR2),rs4147358(SMAD3)and rs1346907(TGFBR2),rs4939874(SMAD2)and rs1019855(TGFBR2),rs4939874(SMAD2)and rs12490466(TGFBR2),rs2009112(TGFB2)and rs4075748(TGFBR2)showed statistically significant SNP-SNP interaction(P＜1.46 × 10-4).In contrast,the analysis of gene-environment interactions did not yield any significant results after being cor-rected by multiple testing.Conclusion:The comprehensive evaluation of SNP associations and interac-tions within the TGF-β signaling pathway did not yield any direct associations with NSCL/P risk in Asian populations.However,the significant gene-gene interactions identified suggest that the genetic architec-ture influencing NSCL/P risk may involve interactions between genes within the TGF-β signaling path-way.These findings underscore the necessity for further investigations to unravel these results and further explore the underlying biological mechanisms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic effect and mechanism of Osteoking （OK） on nerve compression in lumbar disc herniation. MethodThe rat model of chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion （CCD） was established to simulate clinical lumbar disc herniation. The CCD rats were randomly divided into model group， low， medium， and high dose OK groups （1.31， 2.63， 5.25 mL·kg^-1·d^-1）， and pregabalin group （5 mg·kg^-1）， with eight rats in each group. Another eight SD rats were taken as the blank group， and the same volume of normal saline was given by gavage. Behavioral tests， side effect evaluation， network analysis， Western blot， immunofluorescence， and antagonist application were used to explore the effect. ResultCompared with the blank group， the mechanical hyperalgesia threshold， thermal hyperalgesia threshold， and the expression of inflammatory factors in the spinal dorsal horn of the model group are significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the related indicators of the affected foot footprints are significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase （p-ERK） in microglia in the spinal dorsal horn is significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low， medium， and high dose OK groups can increase the mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds of CCD rats （P<0.05， P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner， improve the gait of CCD rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in the spinal dorsal horn （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of STAT3， VEGFA， and p-ERK in the spinal dorsal horn microglia of CCD rats is significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the acetic acid-induced nociceptive response in rats is effectively reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， there is no tolerance. The results of the body mass test， organ index， forced swimming， and rotation show that OK has no obvious toxic or side effects. Further antagonist experiments show that MRS1523 and RS127445 can reverse the transient analgesic effect of OK compared with the high dose OK group （P<0.01）. ConclusionOK has a good analgesic effect on the CCD model without obvious toxic side effects， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of ADORA3 and HTR2B and the inhibition of STAT3， VEGFA， p-ERK， and other elements in microglia.

Objective To investigate the effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin on the immune microenvironment of breast cancer in mice. Methods The CTR-DB database, a database for analysis of gene expression profiles and drug resistance characteristics related to tumor drug response, was used to analyze the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on the immune microenvironment of breast cancer. Mouse models with breast cancer were established by in situ injection with 4T1 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Then they were treated with doxorubicin and paclitaxel, respectively. The sizes of tumor were recorded and analyzed by growth curve. The number of different types of immune cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The expressions of Ki67, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The cell cycles of 4T1 cells in paclitaxel group and doxorubicin group were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The results of CTR_Microarray_75 analysis showed that the immune scores, and the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lineages, CD8⁺ T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytic lineages and natural killer (NK) cells in chemotherapy-sensitive breast cancer were higher than those in chemotherapy-insensitive breast cancer. Through growth curve analysis in mice with breast cancer, we found that both paclitaxel and doxorubicin could inhibit the increase of the tumor sizes, and the paclitaxel showed a higher inhibitory effect. The results of cytometry displayed that both paclitaxel and doxorubicin could restrain the expression of Ki67 and increase the number of breast cancer cells in G2/M phase, and in the paclitaxel group, the expression of Ki67 was lower and the number of breast cancer cells in G2/M phase was larger. Paclitaxel and doxorubicin enhanced the infiltration of CD45⁺ immune cells but decreased the infiltration of neutrophils. Additionally, paclitaxel promoted the infiltration of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T helper cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells and CD45⁺CD19⁺B cells, while doxorubicin increased the infiltration of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs). The results of immunohistochemistry displayed that the paclitaxel significantly inhibited the expression of S100A9, while the doxorubicin significantly restrained the expression of MMP9. Conclusion Paclitaxel and doxorubicin can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and change immune microenvironment of TNBC by regulating the different patterns of cell infiltration and the expression of different extracellular matrix components.
Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Calgranulin B ; Tumor Microenvironment

Children are also at high risk of novel coronavirus infection. However, as children are in the developmental stage and their phylogeny is not yet complete, adult guidelines cannot be directly copied in the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Therefore, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University organized relevant professionals of Children’s Hospital. Based on the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Trial 10th Edition)" issued by the General Office of the National Health Commission of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the diagnosis and treatment plan suggestions for children with novel coronavirus infection in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were formulated by referring to several instructive diagnosis and treatment plans and combining our hospital’s experience in treating children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This recommendation makes a concise and practical description from the perspectives of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, clinical typing, treatment and nursing of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, and also makes recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of high-risk factors and complications for the reference of front-line clinical pediatricians so as to achieve timely and reasonable diagnosis and treatment of children infected with SARS-CoV-2. Early identification and active treatment of high-risk and critically patients can minimize the harm caused by complications.

objective:This paper summarizes the nursing care of a case of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension by ultrasonic-guided enema.Methods:One patient with severe acute pancreatitis internal high pressure from February 28, 2021 in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University setting indiidualized enema scheme, advantage of the characteristics of ultrasonic visualization, before and after the enema examine case of intestinal cleaning and waste water accumulation, enema, positioning enemator catheter and cutting-edge position, ensure the accuracy of the enema, normal irrigation using configuration at the same time, the relaxation anal sphincter and so on, to observe the therapeutic effects enema.Results:After careful treatment and nursing, the patient achieved satisfactory results of exhaust and defecation, enema, abdominal distention improved, intra-abdominal pressure returned to normal, 10 days later, the condition was stable and transferred to the general ward.Conclusions:For the nursing of patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension, it is particularly important to reduce intra-abdominal pressure by enema. Nurses should make reasonable use of new technology to implement individualized enema nursing, promote the excretion of stool, reduce intra-abdominal pressure, and facilitate the early recovery of the disease.

Objective:To construct the evidence-based care bundles for enteral nutrition-related diarrhea in ICU patients and evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:Evidence-based care bundles for enteral nutrition-related diarrhea in ICU patients were constructed according to the best evidence from 5 guidelines. 12 best evidences were summarized, and 12 cluster schemes for diarrhea management were constructed. 175 patients admitted to ICU of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from June to December 2020 were selected as the pre implementation group which was given enteral nutrition nursing according to routine nursing measures, and 186 patients admitted to ICU from March to October 2021 were selected as the post implementation group which received nrusing care with evidence-based cluster schemes. The rate of diarrhea in ICU patients undergoing enteral nutrition support before and after using best evidence was compared, and awareness of best evidence among nurses before and after training, and implementation of various measures by nurses after the plan were also compared.Results:After the care bundles were applied, the incidence of diarrhea decreased from 26.29% (46/175) to 11.83% (22/186) with statistically significant difference ( χ2=12.33, P<0.05). The diarrhea knowledge score was improved from 52-100 (75.79 ± 10.18) points to 72-100 (90.00 ± 6.71) points and had a significant difference ( t=-8.88, P<0.05). After the care bundles were applied, the rate of ICU nurses′ diarrhea identification and evaluation, analysis of influencing factors of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea, nasal feeding, selection of enteral nutrition formula and drug were 94.83% (55/58), 91.38% (53/58), 100.00 (58/58), 93.10% (54/58), 94.83% (55/58),significantly improved than 68.97% (40/58), 63.79% (37/58), 81.03% (47/58), 62.07% (36/58), 70.69% (41/58) before applied ( χ2 values were 8.66-14.33, all P<0.01). The implementation rate after the plan was more than 95.00%. Conclusions:The application of the evidence-based care bundles can effectively reduce the incidence of enteral nutrition diarrhea in ICU patients, improve nursing practice and the quality of care.

Exosomes are nanoscal-scale vesicles containing a variety of proteins(HSP70, actin, Alix, etc.), lipids, mRNAs and miRNAs.They are commonly found in various tissues and cells of the organism.They are involved in processes such as intercellular communication, immune regulation and cell signaling pathway regulation, and then play an important role.Recent studies have shown that exosome-mediated intercellular signaling plays an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD). This paper reviewed the general characteristics of exosomes, clarifies the possible role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of AD, and also discussed the application prospect and the related challenges of exosomes as a new potential option in the future treatment of AD.