Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that is closely associated with ocular fundus diseases such as glaucomatous optic neuropathy, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.The main mechanisms by which OSA affects fundus diseases include intermittent hypoxia, activation of sympathetic nervous system, systemic oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, but the specific mechanisms require further investigation.The therapeutic modality such as continuous positive airway pressure can alleviate the symptoms of ocular fundus diseases in the patients with OSA and reduce the risk of disease progression.Therefore, clinicians should recognize the relationship between OSA and fundus diseases, understand the impact of OSA on these diseases, and achieve early diagnosis and treatment of the OSA-associated fundus diseases to reduce the risk of severe visual impairment and blindness.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that is closely associated with ocular fundus diseases such as glaucomatous optic neuropathy, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.The main mechanisms by which OSA affects fundus diseases include intermittent hypoxia, activation of sympathetic nervous system, systemic oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, but the specific mechanisms require further investigation.The therapeutic modality such as continuous positive airway pressure can alleviate the symptoms of ocular fundus diseases in the patients with OSA and reduce the risk of disease progression.Therefore, clinicians should recognize the relationship between OSA and fundus diseases, understand the impact of OSA on these diseases, and achieve early diagnosis and treatment of the OSA-associated fundus diseases to reduce the risk of severe visual impairment and blindness.

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for the treatment of femoral head necrosis, such as core decompression, bone graft, arthroplasty and joint replacement, and each of which has its own shortcomings. So, percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with coral artificial bone provides a new attempt for the treatment of femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with coral artificial bone on femoral head necrosis repair. METHODS: Twenty-four Duroc piglets were enrol ed to establish bilateral femoral head necrosis models by liquid nitrogen freezing method. Then, model piglets were randomly treated with percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with injectable coral artificial bone (experimental group) or bone cement (control group) on one affected side, and meanwhile, given no treatment on the contralateral side (blank control group). At 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks after surgery, X-ray examination, biomechanical test and histological detection were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray showed that at 16 weeks after surgery, numerous new bones could be found in the experimental group and there was a fuzzy boundary between the artificial bone and surrounding tissues; no new bone formed in the control group, and the boundary was clear; in the blank control group, the surface of the femoral head col apsed, and bone trabeculae arranged disorderly, which were seriously destroyed. And in the histological detection at 16 weeks after surgery, there were numerous bone trabecula and osteoblasts around the coral bone in the experimental group, and the coral artificial bone almost dissolved; in the control group, bone cement was in an irregular shape and no bone trabecula formed; in the blank control group, bone trabecula were damaged in the col apsed area, whose structure was in disorder. Additional y, biomechanical changes in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the other two groups at different time points after surgery (P < 0.05). In conclusion, percutaneous bal oon angioplasty combined with coral artificial bone can repair femoral head necrosis by promoting new bone formation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the depression and the activities of daily living in the elderly population in Hebei province.Methods In this cross-sectional study,3 176 subjects aged over 60 were selected from 4 urban communities in Hebei Province.The demographic data was collected,and the Center for Epidemiological Survey,Depression Scale,(CES-D) and the activities of daily living Scale (ADL) were used to assess their depression status and activities of daily living.Results Among the 3 176 subjects,268 cases (8.4％) got the CES-D scores of over 15 and 232 cases (7.3％) got the ADL scores of over 26.14.2％ of depression group needed life care,27.9％ of depression group had absence of daily living activities.Multivariate logistic results showed that gender (OR=2.142),diseases situation (OR=2.214),marriage (OR=0.484),and life abilities like shower (OR =1.333),walk around home (OR=1.275),wear clothes(OR=2.129),moving on a wheelchair(OR=1.118) had significant effect on depression.Conclusion Elder people population who have characteristics like female,single,illness,can't take shower by themselves,life care depended,more likely get higher CES-D scores and depression.