ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective: Intrathyroid thymic carcinoma（ITTC） is a rare thyroid tumor that lacks typical clinical manifestations and imaging features, making preoperative diagnosis challenging.The primary treatment for ITTC is radical surgery; however, the effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy post-surgery is not well-established. This paper presents a case of ITTC , analyzing the clinical data and correlating it with the literature to explore the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, treatment, and prognosis of ITTC.
Humans ; Prognosis ; Thymoma ; Thymus Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective:To discuss the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)in the oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells and its effect on biological behavior of the OSCC CAL27 cells,and to clarify the possible mechanism.Methods:Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of PD-L1 protein in the oral epithelial HOK cells and OSCC CAL27,TCA8113,and SCC15 cells;immunofluorescence staining method was used to detect the expression and localization of PD-L1 protein in the CAL27 cells.The CAL27 cells were divided into control group(transfected with si-NC)and si-PD-L1 group(transfected with si-PD-L1).Western blotting method was used to detect the interference efficiency of the cells in two groups;CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferative activities of the cells in two groups at different time points;plate clone formation assay was used to detect the numbers of clone formation of the cells in two groups;cell scratch healing assay was used to detect the scratch healing rates of the cells in two groups;Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the numbers of migration and invasion cells in two groups.Results:The expression level of PD-L1 protein in the OSCC cells was higher than that in the HOK cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01);PD-L1 expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the CAL27 cells.The CCK-8 assay and plate clone formation assay results showed that compared with control group,the proliferative activities of the CAL27 cells in si-PD-L1 group at different time points were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the numbers of clone formation were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The cell scratch healing assay results showed that compared with control group,the scratch healing rates of the cells in si-PD-L1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The Transwell chamber assay results showed that compared with control group,the numbers of migration and invasion cells in si-PD-L1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The expression of PD-L1 in the OSCC cells is higher than that in normal oral epithelial cells,and knocking down PD-L1 expression can inhibit the proliferation,clone formation,migration and invasion capabilities of the OSCC cells.

The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.How-ever,whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear.Here,our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell(PEC)proliferation,sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients.As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones,elevated dihydrotestosterone(DHT)had a significant positive rela-tionship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor(AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein(YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor(TEAD4)heterodimers.Met's anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 over-expression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells.Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.

Background::Risk assessment and treatment stratification for three-vessel coronary disease (TVD) remain challenging. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of left atrial volume index (LAVI) with the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score II, and its association with the long-term prognosis after three strategies (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], and medical therapy [MT]) in patients with TVD.Methods::This study was a post hoc analysis of a large, prospective cohort of patients with TVD in China, that aimed to determine the long-term outcomes after PCI, CABG, or optimal MT alone. A total of 8943 patients with TVD were consecutively enrolled between 2004 and 2011 at Fuwai Hospital. A total of 7818 patients with available baseline LAVI data were included in the study. Baseline, procedural, and follow-up data were collected. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, revascularization, and stroke. Long-term outcomes were evaluated among LAVI quartile groups. Results::During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, a higher LAVI was strongly associated with increased risk of MACCE (Q3: hazard ratio [HR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.37, P = 0.005; Q4: HR 1.85, 95%CI 1.64-2.09, P <0.001), all-cause death (Q3: HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.69, P <0.001; Q4: HR 2.54, 95%CI 2.16-3.00, P <0.001), and cardiac death (Q3: HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.39-2.37, P <0.001; Q4: HR 3.47, 95%CI 2.71-4.43, P <0.001). Moreover, LAVI significantly improved discrimination and reclassification of the SYNTAX score II. Notably, there was a significant interaction between LAVI quartiles and treatment strategies for MACCE. CABG was associated with lower risk of MACCE than MT alone, regardless of LAVI quartiles. Among patients in the fourth quartile, PCI was associated with significantly increased risk of cardiac death compared with CABG (HR: 5.25, 95% CI: 1.97-14.03, P = 0.001). Conclusions::LAVI is a potential index for risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in patients with three-vessel coronary disease. CABG is associated with improved long-term outcomes compared with MT alone, regardless of LAVI quartiles. When LAVI is severely elevated, PCI is associated with higher risk of cardiac death than CABG.

Objective:To analyze long-term prognosis and influencing factors of recurrence in vocal fold leukoplakia treated by endoscopic cordectomy with CO 2 laser. Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on 599 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia [566 males and 33 females, aged 17-84 years (median age 55 years)], undergoing endoscopic cordectomy by CO 2 laser under general anesthesia at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2000 to December 2023. The study analyzed the clinical features, pathological grade, surgical methods, postoperative voice function, recurrence, malignant changes and analyzed the long-term efficacy and and its influencing factors. The patients were followed up for a duration of 6-249 months postoperatively, with a median follow-up time of 48 months. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 599 patients, the histopathological grades included simple squamous cell hyperplasia in ( n=264, 44.08%), mild dysplasia ( n=96, 16.03%), moderate dysplasia ( n=74, 12.35%), severe dysplasia( n=43, 7.81%), carcinoma in situ( n=35, 5.84%), and carcinoma in situ with microinvasion( n=87, 14.52%). The 3-year and 5-year overall recurrence rates were 12.91% and 16.00%, respectively. In patients with precancerous lesion, 3.91% of recurrences presented with an upgraded pathologic grade and 2.34% evolved into carcinoma. The risk of recurrence was higher in lesions involving the anterior commissure, larger lesions, significant reduction/absence of mucosal waves, neovascularization/suspected neovascularization, and pathology of dysplasia/carcinoma in situ/carcinoma in situ with microinvasion( F=44.76,21.54,11.55,8.78,23.20,respectively, P<0.05). Additionally, patients with recurrent disease exhibited higher reflux symptom index scores compared to those without recurrence. Exophytic lesion characteristics and the inability to cease smoking postoperatively were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence with an upgraded pathological grade, with odds ratios of 8.675 and 11.380 times greater than those with non-exophytic lesions and successful smoking cessation, respectively. At the 6-months postoperative assessment, patients who underwent subepithelial cordectomy (typeⅠ) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in fundamental frequency ( t=-3.38, P<0.05), and while other voice acoustic parameters were not significantly different.Conversely, those who underwent transmuscular cordectomy (TypeⅢ) exhibited significant alterations in multiple voice acoustic parameters when compared to preoperative values ( P<0.05). Furthermore, postoperative vocal fold adhesions developed in 84 patients with 13 of these individuals requiring surgical intervention for adhesion release. Conclusions:Lesions involving the anterior commissure, larger lesions, pathology of dysplasia/carcinoma in situ/carcinoma in situ with microinfiltration, significant reduction/absence of vocal fold mucosal waves, and neovascularization visible under NBI are indicative of an increased risk of recurrence, whereas exophytic lesions and the inability to cease smoking postoperatively significantly increase the risk of recurrence with elevated pathologic grade. Recovery of postoperative voice quality is procedure-dependent, underscoring the importance of surgical approach selection in the management of vocal fold leukoplakia.

Objective To investigate the effect of the sling massage exercise on postpartum pelvic girdle pain(PPGP). Methods From March,2022 to May,2023,56 patients with PPGP in Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group(n=28)and observation group(n=28).Both groups received routine physical therapy and healthy education,while the control group received exer-cise therapy and the observation group received sling massage exercise,for six weeks.They were assessed with Visual Analog Scale(VAS),Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire(PGQ)and active straight leg raise(ASLR)test before and after treatment,and measured resting and contraction thickness of transversus abdominis with ultrasound;and integrated electromyography(iEMG),root mean square(RMS),median frequency(MF)and mean power fre-quency(MPF)of pelvic floor muscles with surface electromyography. Results After treatment,the total effective rate was 96.43%in the observation group and 78.57%in the control group(Z=2.728,P<0.05).All the indexes improved in both groups(|t|>2.080,P<0.05)except resting thickness of transverse abdominis muscle,and improved more in the observation group than in the control group(|t|>2.161,P<0.05). Conclusion The sling massage exercise can alleviate pain,enhance the stability of the core muscle group,and improve load transfer and quality of life,better than exercise therapy.

Objective To explore the effect of sling exercise with Tuina therapy on kinesiophobia in old patients with lumbar disc herniation,and analyze the mechanism based on brain-bone axis. Methods A total of 56 old patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation and kinesiophobia were selected from the Reha-bilitation Hospital of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September,2022 to December,2023;and randomly divided into control group(n=28)and experimental group(n=28).The control group accepted conventional exercise therapy,while the experimental group accepted sling exercise with Tuina therapy,for four weeks.They were assessed with simplified Chinese version of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia(TSK),Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(JOA)and Visual Analogue Scale for pain(VAS)before and after treatment,while the bone mineral density(BMD)was tested,the levels of osteoprote-gerin(OPG),norepinephrine(NE)and corticosteroids(Cor)in serum were measured,and the median frequency(MF)of weak-link erector spinae was detected with surface electromyography. Results Two cases dropped off in the control group,and one in the experimental group.The scores of all the assessment improved in both groups after treatment(|t|>14.168,P<0.001),as well as the serum levels of OPG,NE and Cor(|t|>2.103,P<0.05),BMD(|t|>2.726,P<0.05),and MF of erector spinae(|t|>14.736,P<0.001);all of them were better in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|>2.154,P<0.05). Conclusion Sling exercise with Tuina therapy can improve the pain and kinesiophobia of lumbar disc herniation in the old adults,which may promote the recovery of physical and mental function through regulating the levels of hor-mones and neurotransmitters related to the brain-bone axis.