ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective:The prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis （AR） and its combined diseases have been increasing recently. The purpose was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of seasonal AR in northern China. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in AR patients. The Visual analogue scale （VAS）, combined diseases, clinical features, allergic pollen and treatments were analyzed. Results:Of the 789 AR subjects included, 54.1% had a family history of atopic disease. The mian course wa s（7.4±5.9） years. 95.4% of the subjects had moderate to severe AR. The prevalence rates of allergic conjunctivitis （AC）, allergic asthma （AA）, and pollen food allergy syndrome （PFAS） were 71.1%, 19.0%, and 39.5% respectively. Among the patients, 13.8% presented with only AR, while 39.3% had an AR combined with other disease, and 1.9% exhibited comorbidity involving five different diseases. VAS was positively correlated with the number of comorbidities（r=0.186, P<0.001）. The mugwort exhibited the highest rate of pollen sensitization （48.9%）, closely followed by cypress （48.3%）. The prevalence of mono-sensitization to pollen was 20.2%, while the positive rates for double-sensitized pollens and more than three sensitized pollens were 17.4% and 62.4%, respectively. Among the study participants, 19.9% did not receive any form of treatment, while 66.2% were administered oral medication and 27.5% underwent nasal steroid spray therapy. The proportion of individuals receiving anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies was 4.3%, and allergen immunotherapy （AIT） treatment was undergone by 11.8%. Meanwhile, 41.2% of patients undergoing anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treatment also received AIT. The distribution of therapy types among patients was as follows: 44.7% received a single type, 22.2% received two types, and 9.8% received three types of therapy. Additionally, there was a subset of patients（1%） who were undergoing five distinct forms of treatment. The VAS score exhibited a significant negative correlation with no treatment（r=-0.199, P<0.001）, while it showed a positive association with the number of treatment modalities（r=0.245, P<0.001）. Conclusion:Mugwort and cypress are the predominant allergenic pollens responsible for seasonal AR in northern China. The majority of cases present with moderate to severe AR, often accompanied by various comorbidities, necessitating consideration of diverse treatment modalities. However, the current rate of adoption for AIT remains relatively insufficient.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy* ; Pollen/immunology* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Prevalence ; Allergens/immunology* ; Asthma/epidemiology* ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic

Objective:To overview the systematic reviews/meta-analyses of TCM treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making in the treatment of GERD with Chinese materia medica.Methods:Systematic reviews/meta-analyses of RCTs about the treatment of GERD with Chinese materia medica were retrieved from databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP, CBM, EMbase, PubMed and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023. AMSTAR 2 scale, PRISMA 2020 and GRADE system were used to evaluate the methodological quality, reporting quality and evidence quality of the included studies.Results:A total of 19 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR 2 evaluation showed that 17 of the included studies were rated as low-quality, and 2 were rated as extremely low-quality. The PRISMA 2020 evaluation results showed that the included literature scored 14.5-21 points, with 18 articles having certain reporting defects and 1 article having serious reporting defects. The GRADE evaluation results showed 1 high-quality index, 31 medium-quality indexes, 34 low-quality indexes, and 10 extremely low-quality indexes.Conclusion:TCM has a certain therapeutic effect on GERD, but the overall methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality still need to be further improved.

Objective To investigate the effects of Yiqi Wenyang Lishui Formula(derived from Wuling San combined with Astragali Radix and Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen)on cardiac function and remodeling in heart failure(HF)patients with yang deficiency and fluid retention syndrome and to analyze risk factors for influencing therapeutic efficacy.Methods A total of 120 HF patients with yang deficiency and fluid retention syndrome admitted to Liaocheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group(n=60)and control group(n=60)using a random number table.The control group received conventional western therapy,while the observation group received Yiqi Wenyang Lishui Formula additionally.Both groups were treated for 2 months.Changes in cardiac function indicators and remodeling markers were observed.Clinical efficacy was evaluated,and univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors affecting treatment outcomes.Results(1)The total effective rate was 81.67％(49/60)in the observation group versus 70.00％(42/60)in the control group.Intergroup comparison(by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy in the observation group was superior to the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,both groups showed significant reductions compared to those before treatment in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)(P＜0.01).The reduction in LVEDD,LVESD,and serum NT-proBNP levels in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)Univariate analysis revealed that New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional classification,LVEDD,LVESD,and NT-proBNP levels were significantly associated with the therapeutic efficacy of the Yiqi Wenyang Lishui Formula in heart failure patients with yang deficiency and fluid retention syndrome(P＜0.05).(4)Logistic regression identified NYHA classification,LVEDD,LVESD,and NT-proBNP as independent risk factors(P＜0.05)in affecting therapeutic effect of Yiqi Wenyang Lishui Formula in treating HF with yang deficency and fluid retention syndrome,increasing the risk of ineffective treatment by 4.12-fold,1.21-fold,1.19-fold,and 1.00-fold,respectively.Conclusion Yiqi Wenyang Lishui Formula effectively improves cardiac function and remodeling in HF patients with yang deficiency and fluid retention syndrome.NYHA classification,LVEDD,LVESD,and NT-proBNP are independent risk factors for influencing efficacy,warranting close monitoring for optimized therapeutic adjustments.

Objective To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of roxadustat(FG-4592),hypoxia-inducible factor-α(HIF-α)prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor,on brain injury caused by heat stroke(HS).Methods A total of 140 male C57BL/6J mice(6～8 weeks old,weighing 18～22 g)were subjected,and 40 of them were randomly divided into HS group,and low-,medium-and high-dose roxadustat groups(LD,MD and HD groups,5,10 and 20 mg/kg),with 10 mice in each group.The 24-hour survival rate was observed to determine the optimal dosage of roxadustat after modeling.Additionally,the remaining 100mice were randomly allocated to normal control(Control)group,roxadustat(FG-4592)group,HS group,and roxadustat+HS(FG-4592+HS)group,with 25 mice in each.Heat shock was inflicted to establish mouse model of HS.Modified neurological severity score(mNSS)was used to assess neurological function.HE staining of brain sections was performed to examine pathological damage,and Fluoro-Jade C staining was applied to observe neuronal degeneration.The activity of total superoxide dismutase(SOD)and content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in brain tissue were measured to assess oxidative stress.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to visualize mitochondrial damage.Western blotting was performed to assess the protein levels of Caspase-3,Cleaved Caspase-3,Mfn1,Mfn2,Opa1,Fis1,HIF-1α,HO-1 and p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1 ratio in the cerebral cortex.Results Compared to the HS group,FG-4592 significantly improved the survival rate of HS mice within 24 h,with the MD group showing the highest survival rate.Compared to the Control group,the HS group showed an increase in mNSS score(P＜0.05),an elevation in the MDA content in the cerebral cortex(P＜0.05),and a decrease in total SOD activity in the cerebral cortex(P＜0.05);HE staining revealed pathological damage in the cerebral cortex,and Fluoro-Jade C staining displayed obvious neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex;Electron microscopy revealed obvious mitochondrial structural damage in the cerebral cortex tissue;The protein expression of Caspase-3,Cleaved Caspase-3,Fis1,HIF-1α,HO-1 and p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1 ratio was increased(P＜0.05),while that of Mfn1,Mfn2,and Opa1 was decreased(P＜0.05).Pretreatment with FG-4592 significantly reduced the mNSS score in HS mice(P＜0.05),decreased MDA content(P＜0.05),and enhanced total SOD activity(P＜0.05).Additionally,FG-4592 pretreatment improved pathological damage in the cerebral cortex,reduced neuronal degeneration,and mitigated mitochondrial structural damage.Furthermore,it decreased the protein levels of Caspase-3,Cleaved Caspase-3,Fis1 and p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1 ratio(P＜0.05),while increased the levels of Mfn1,Mfn2,Opa1,HIF-1α,and HO-1(P＜0.05).Conclusion Roxadustat regulates the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion,reduces mitochondrial structural damage,oxidative stress and apoptosis,and alleviates heat stroke-induced brain injury.

OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of children with allergic rhinitis on physical and mental condition of their family caregivers.METHODS The family caregivers of 149 children with allergic rhinitis were enrolled,and fatigue,anxiety and depression scales were investigated and risk factors were analyzed through questionnaires.RESULTS The symptoms of fatigue,anxiety and depression in family caregivers were more frequent in family caregivers whose children had more severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis(r=0.426,P=0.000;r=0.479,P=0.000;r=0.358,P=0.000).Family caregivers with children aged＜3 years or with other allergic diseases combined had higher levels of fatigue(P=0.000,P=0.000),anxiety(P=0.000,P=0.000)and depression(P=0.003,P=0.001),while the family caregivers of children with perennial/persistent symptoms had higher levels of depression(P=0.021).The degree of fatigue,anxiety and depression in females was significantly higher than that in males(P=0.032,P=0.018,P=0.021).CONCLUSION Children with allergic rhinitis in children had significant impact on the fatigue,anxiety and depression of their family caregivers.The symptoms of fatigue,anxiety and depression were related to age of children,characteristics of disease,whether they were combined with other allergic diseases,and gender and education level of the family caregivers.

Objective To explore the accuracy and clinical application value of artificial intelligence(AI)-based coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)in the evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Fifty-four patients with suspected ACS who underwent CCTA examination and invasive coronary angiography(ICA)within 72 h were retrospectively selected.The CCTA images of all patients were processed by AI(AI group)and manual post-pro-cessing(manual group),respectively.The image quality,work efficiency and detection rate of coronary artery stenosis were compared between AI group and manual group.With ICA results as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of AI in the diagnosis of ACS patients with coronary artery stenosis(≥50％)in CCTA were analyzed,and the consistency of AI and ICA examination results was tested.Results The image quality of CCTA in AI group(grade Ⅰ 27.8％)was better than that in manual group(grade Ⅰ 14.8％),but there was no statistical difference between the two groups(X2=2.707,P＞0.05).The average diagnosis time of AI group(89.67 s±33.21 s)was significantlyshorter than that of manual group(813.33 s±301.84 s)and the difference was statistically significant(t=-17.512,P＜0.001),and the average time gain rate was 88.97％.There was no statistical difference in the detection rate of coronary artery stenosis(≥50％)between AI group and manual group(x2=0.003,P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of AI in diagnosis of ACS were 87.60％,96.44％,80.30％,97.92％,and 95.19％,respectively,which were significantly consistent with the results of ICA examina-tion(Kappa=0.810,P＜0.05).Conclusion AI-assisted diagnosis can correctly identify the coronary artery tree with better image,significantly shorten the diagnosis time of CCTA in ACS patients with high accuracy,and can provide a strong basis for the early treat-ment of patients with acute chest pain.

Objective: To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie diet-induced pneumonia through proteomics analysis. Methods: Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, lung tissue samples from normal and high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice in the GSE16377 dataset were selected as test cohorts to identify differentially expressed genes and conduct bioinformatics analyses. In the animal experiments, mice were randomly divided into the control (N), high-calorie diet pneumonia (M), and Yinlai decoction treatment (Y) groups. Mice in the M group received high-calorie feed and a 0.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide solution spray for 30 min for 3 d. The mice in the Y group were intragastrically administered 2 mL/10 g Yinlai decoction twice daily for 3 d. Pathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the lung tissue were identified using quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses. The drug-target relationships between Yinlai decoction and core DEPs in the lung tissue were verified using AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory (MGL) Tools. DEPs were verified by western blot. Results: GEO data mining showed that an HFD altered oxidative phosphorylation in mouse lung tissue. The Yinlai decoction alleviated pathological damage to lung tissue and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet. A total of 47 DEPs were identified between the Y and M groups. Enrichment analysis revealed their association with energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation. The protein-protein interaction network revealed that Atp5a1, Pdha1, and Sdha were the target proteins mediating the therapeutic effects of Yinlai decoction. Molecular docking results suggested that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Yinlai decoction involves the binding of brassinolide, praeruptorin B, chrysoeriol, and other components in Yinlai decoction to Atp5a1. Conclusion The Yinlai decoction alleviated lung tissue damage and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet by regulating the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study highlights the importance of a healthy diet for patients with pneumonia and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia through dietary adjustments.