Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of liver cancer in Guangdong Province in 2020, and to provide a scientific foundation for the development of regionalized prevention and control strategies for liver cancer. Methods According to the cancer registry data of Guangdong Province, the incidence, mortality and age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population in 2020 were calculated to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer. The disability adjusted life years (DALYs), year of life loss (YLL), year of lived with disability (YLD), and cause-eliminated life expectancy were used to assess the disease burden of liver cancer. Results In 2020, the crude incidence rate and the age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 27.79/100 000 and 20.84/100 000，respectively, and the crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate of liver cancer were 25.49/100,000 and 17.64/100 000, respectively. The total DALY and DALY rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 515 311 person-years and 513.83/100 000, respectively. After eliminating the causes of death from liver cancer, the life expectancy in Guangdong Province increased from 84.60 years to 84.99 years. All indicators consistently demonstrated that the burden of liver cancer was higher in males than that in females, and the burden of liver cancer was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas. Conclusion Liver cancer in Guangdong Province exhibits a high incidence, mortality and disease burden level in 2020. There are obvious differences of gender, age and region in cancer burden. It is necessary to strengthen liver cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment in men, the elderly and those in rural areas to reduce the burden of liver cancer gradually in Guangdong Province.

Objective To systematically evaluate the predictive models for re-admission in patients with heart failure (HF) in China. Methods Studies related to the risk prediction model for HF patient re-admission published in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, and other databases were searched from their inception to April 30, 2024. The prediction model risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability of the included literature, relevant data were extracted to evaluate the model quality. Results Nineteen studies were included, involving a total of 38 predictive models for HF patient re-admission. Comorbidities such as diabetes, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide, chronic renal insufficiency, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association cardiac function classification, and medication adherence were identified as primary predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.547 to 0.962. Thirteen studies conducted internal validation, one study conducted external validation, and five studies performed both internal and external validation. Seventeen studies evaluated model calibration, while five studies assessed clinical feasibility. The presentation of the models was primarily in the form of nomograms. All studies had a high overall risk of bias. Conclusion Most predictive models for HF patient re-admission in China demonstrate good discrimination and calibration. However, the overall research quality is suboptimal. There is a need to externally validate and calibrate existing models and develop more stable and clinically applicable predictive models to assess the risk of HF patient re-admission and identify relevant patients for early intervention.

Objective To observe the application effect of the H2H model in rehabilitation nurs-ing for patients undergoing radical mastectomy.Methods A total of 294 patients who underwent rad-ical mastectomy were enrolled as study subjects and randomly divided into conventional group and H2H group using a simple randomization method(coin toss),with 147 patients in each group.The conventional group received routine nursing interventions,while the H2H group received nursing in-terventions based on the H2H model.At 1 week and 3 months post-intervention,shoulder joint func-tion[assessed using the Constant-Murley Shoulder Function Score(CMS)],nutritional indicators(serum albumin,hemoglobin)levels,self-management efficacy[assessed using the Self-care Self-ef-ficacy Scale(SUPPH)],and quality of life[assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)]were observed and compared between the two groups.Results At 3 months post-intervention,the pain,daily living activities,range of motion,and muscle strength scores in the CMS were higher than those at 1 week post-intervention in both groups,with the H2H group showing higher scores than the conventional group,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).At 3 months post-intervention,the albumin and hemoglobin levels were lower than those at 1 week post-intervention in both groups,but the H2H group had higher levels than the con-ventional group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).At 3 months post-inter-vention,the positive attitude,self-decision-making,and self-stress reduction scores in the SUPPH were higher than those at 1 week post-intervention in both groups,with the H2H group showing higher scores than the conventional group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).At 3 months post-intervention,the scores for physical well-being,social/family well-being,emotional well-being,functional well-being,and the breast cancer-specific module in the FACT-B were higher than those at 1 week post-intervention in both groups,with the H2H group showing higher scores than the conventional group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion The application of the H2H model in rehabilitation nursing for patients after radical mastecto-my can promote the recovery of shoulder joint function,improve nutritional status,and enhance self-management efficacy and quality of life.

Infectious diarrhea is a gastrointestinal infectious disease caused by a wide range of pathogens and found throughout the world. It is one of the most important public health problems in the world and the second leading cause of death among children under five years of age. The pathogens of infectious diarrhea include viral diarrhea pathogens, bacterial diarrhea pathogens, and parasites. Viruses are the most frequent pathogens, mainly including norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. The most frequently identified organisms causing bacterial diarrhea are diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter. This paper provides an overview of the epidemiological trends and changes in the pathogen spectrum of infectious diarrhea for better understanding the distribution and epidemiological features of infectious diarrhea in China, and hopes to provide reference for developing prevention and control strategies and reducing the disease burden.

Background::Risk assessment and treatment stratification for three-vessel coronary disease (TVD) remain challenging. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of left atrial volume index (LAVI) with the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score II, and its association with the long-term prognosis after three strategies (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], and medical therapy [MT]) in patients with TVD.Methods::This study was a post hoc analysis of a large, prospective cohort of patients with TVD in China, that aimed to determine the long-term outcomes after PCI, CABG, or optimal MT alone. A total of 8943 patients with TVD were consecutively enrolled between 2004 and 2011 at Fuwai Hospital. A total of 7818 patients with available baseline LAVI data were included in the study. Baseline, procedural, and follow-up data were collected. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, revascularization, and stroke. Long-term outcomes were evaluated among LAVI quartile groups. Results::During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, a higher LAVI was strongly associated with increased risk of MACCE (Q3: hazard ratio [HR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.37, P = 0.005; Q4: HR 1.85, 95%CI 1.64-2.09, P <0.001), all-cause death (Q3: HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.69, P <0.001; Q4: HR 2.54, 95%CI 2.16-3.00, P <0.001), and cardiac death (Q3: HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.39-2.37, P <0.001; Q4: HR 3.47, 95%CI 2.71-4.43, P <0.001). Moreover, LAVI significantly improved discrimination and reclassification of the SYNTAX score II. Notably, there was a significant interaction between LAVI quartiles and treatment strategies for MACCE. CABG was associated with lower risk of MACCE than MT alone, regardless of LAVI quartiles. Among patients in the fourth quartile, PCI was associated with significantly increased risk of cardiac death compared with CABG (HR: 5.25, 95% CI: 1.97-14.03, P = 0.001). Conclusions::LAVI is a potential index for risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in patients with three-vessel coronary disease. CABG is associated with improved long-term outcomes compared with MT alone, regardless of LAVI quartiles. When LAVI is severely elevated, PCI is associated with higher risk of cardiac death than CABG.

Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries that leads to ischemic heart disease,stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.Despite the current treatments,mortality and disability still remain high.Sonodynamic therapy(SDT),a non-invasive and localized methodology,has been developed as a promising new treatment for inhibiting atherosclerotic progression and sta-bilizing plaques.Promising progress has been made through cell and animal assays,as well as clinical trials.For example,the effect of SDT on apoptosis and autophagy of cells in AS,especially macrophages,and the concept of non-lethal SDT has also been proposed.In this review,we summarize the ultrasonic parameters and known sonosensitizers utilized in SDT for AS;we elaborate on SDTs therapeutic effects and mechanisms in terms of macrophages,T lymphocytes,neovascularization,smooth muscle cells,lipid,extracellular matrix and efferocytosis within plaques;additionally,we discuss the safety of SDT.A comprehensive summary of the confirmed effects of SDT on AS is conducted to establish a framework for future researchers.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on preeclampsia(PE)by modulating the Src/Siglec-6/SHP2 signaling pathway in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells.Mouse model of PE was established in normal control and Siglec-6 knockdown mice by L-NAME administration,with aims of studying the changes in vascular diameter of spiral arteries in vivo and examining the expression levels of Siglec-6,p-Src,p-Shp2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins in mouse uterine vascular tissues.While,the effect of Src/Siglec-6/SHP2 on the invasive proliferation of trophoblast cells was explored by culturing human chorionic trophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo with hypoxia in vitro.In vivo experimental assays showed that the diameter of spiral arteries was reduced in the Siglec-6 knockdown group of mice,and the expression levels of Siglec-6,p-Src,p-SHP2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins were significantly reduced.In vitro hypoxic HTR-8/SVneo cell model results revealed that Siglec-6 overexpression could promote trophoblast cell invasion and proliferation by regulating p-Src,p-SHP2,p-ERK1/2,MMP2,P53 and P21.While,suppression of Src and SHP2 eliminated Siglec-6 overexpression-mediated Siglec-6,p-Src,p-SHP2 and p-ERK1/2 expression,and inhibited the ability of Siglec-6 overexpression to mediate trophoblast invasion and proliferation.Taken together,Siglec-6 plays an important role in preeclampsia,and can alleviate preeclampsia by promoting trophoblast invasion and proliferation through the Src/SHP2 signalling pathway.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.