Immunotherapy has been widely used in cancer treatment in recent years and functions by stimulating the immune system to kill tumor cells. Radiation therapy (RT) uses radiation to induce DNA damage and kill tumor cells. However, this activates the body's immune system, promoting the release of tumor-related antigens from inactive dendritic cells, which stimulates the recurrence and metastasis of tumors in immune system tissues. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has been increasingly evaluated in recent years, with studies confirming the synergistic effect of the two antitumor therapies. Particularly, the combination of RT by dose adjustment with different immunotherapies has positive implications on antitumor immunity as well as disease prognosis compared with respective monotherapies. This review summarizes the current research status, progress, and prospects of RT combined with immunotherapy in cancer treatment. It additionally discusses the prevalent concerns regarding the dose, time window, and toxicity of this combination therapy.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Radiotherapy/methods*

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to public health. Advances in medical science and increased screening awareness have improved early-stage diagnosis rates, allowing more patients to undergo radical treatment at initial diagnosis. Concurrently, ongoing developments in treatment modalities have expanded the options available for both patients and clinicians. The challenge now lies in making informed decisions to achieve individualized precision medicine, which merits thorough exploration. This article aims to review the latest research on personalized treatment strategies for early-stage HCC, providing a reasonable reference and valuable insights for clinicians.

The liver is the most common anatomical site for hematogenous metastases of colorectal cancer. Hepatic resection is the preferred treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). However, a disappointingly small proportion of patients are deemed suitable for surgical resection upon initial consultation. Failure to adequately address these metastatic tumors results in a dire 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. In recent times, thermal ablation, a minimally invasive procedure aimed at controlling local tumor progression, has undergone rigorous validation and garnered recognition for its effectiveness and safety in managing CRLM. This article endeavors to review the advancements in research concerning thermal ablation in the treatment of CRLM, exploring its efficacy, safety profile, and the promising avenues for its clinical application.

This article summarizes Professor Li Ziyong's clinical experience with the round-sharp needle.As one of the core needle types in the Huang Di Nei Jing(The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic)nine-needle system,the round-sharp needle has long been marginalized in clinical practice due to historical discontinuities in its transmission and insufficient research on its morphological characteristics,resulting in its unique therapeutic value remaining largely unrecognized.Through nearly three decades of clinical practice,Professor Li innovatively proposed the acupuncture concept of"unblocking passages and guarding the pivotal mechanism",guided by the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic principle that"ordinary practitioners focus on the joints,while superior practitioners focus on the pivotal mechanisms".Under this theoretical framework,he has extensively applied the round-sharp needle in clinical settings.With its unique design combining rounded and sharp features,the round-sharp needle demonstrates remarkable clinical efficacy by intervening at the fascial layer and releasing local fascial adhesions.It exhibits rapid onset and stable therapeutic outcomes.This article systematically reviews Professor Li's understanding of the round-sharp needle,its key operational techniques,and clinical case studies,aiming to establish a replicable paradigm for its modern application and promote the clinical translation of classical acupuncture theory.

The view of"inferior practitioner guarding the gate while the superior practitioner keeping the trigger"during the clinical practive was recorded in in Huang Di Nei Jing(Huangdi's Cannon of Medicine).This paper probes into the diagnosis and treatment of bi-syndrome from the perspecitve of"guarding the gate"and"keeping the trigger".It is proposed that the lesion of five body constituents(i.e.,skin,vessel,muscle,tendon,and bone)constitutes the injured"gate"of bi-syndrome,and the disharmony of qi and blood constitutes the"trigger"of the onset of bi-syndrome.The location of lesions will be found through examining the gate,and the state of qi and blood will be confirmed after checking the trigger.For the treatment of bi-syndrome,"guarding the gate"is to enable the normality of five body constituents,and"keeping the trigger"is to maintain the abundance and harmony movement of qi and blood,which cover the consideration of focal lesions and the regulation of holistic qi and blood."Guarding the gate"is as important as"keeping the trigger",and the two are interrelated.Only by carefully examining the gate of the lesions and strictly checking the trigger of qi-blood movement,it is possible to identify the deficiency of healthy qi and the excess of the pathogens,the nature of the pathogens and the severity of illness of bi-syndrome,and then the corresponding therapeutic methods can be performed to achieve the efficacy.The view of"guarding the gate"and"keeping the trigger"expands the clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of bi-syndrome.

Objective:To explore the rehabilitation effects of individual computer story-version magnanimous therapy (ICSMT) on patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:A total of 120 patients with end-stage renal disease receiving MHD treatment at the Department of Nephrology Hemodialysis Center of Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou from August 2022 to April 2024 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into control group ( n=60, receiving routine clinical treatment) and ICSMT group ( n=60, receiving routine clinical treatment combined with ICSMT for psychological intervention) by random number table method.The patients in the two groups were evaluated by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), enterprising and magnanimous questionnaire (EMQ), the short-form-36 health survey (SF-36), and activity of daily living scale (ADL) before intervention and at 4-week post-intervention.Blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum albumin (ALB) levels were also measured before the intervention and at the 4-week post-intervention.The clinical global impression scale (CGI) was used to evaluate clinical efficacy before the intervention, at the 2-week post-intervention, and at the 4-week post-intervention.Statistics analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0.1.0(171). Independent-samples t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results:After 4 weeks of intervention, the SAS and SDS in the ICSMT group (49.0 (48.0, 50.0), 50.0 (49.0, 51.0)) were significantly lower than those in the control group (51.0 (50.0, 52.0), 52.0 (51.0, 53.0)) (both P<0.001). The enterprising subscore of the EMQ in the ICSMT group (35.0 (32.0, 37.0)) was significantly higher than that in the control group (31.0 (29.0, 34.0)) ( P<0.001). Furthermore, the differences of enterprising and magnanimous subscores between the two groups before and after intervention in the ICSMT group (2.0 (1.0, 4.0), 1.0 (-1.0, 2.0))were significantly higher than those in the control group (-1.0 (-1.0, 0), -1.0 (-1.2, 0)) (both P<0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in the ICSMT group (130 (126, 134) mmHg, 85 (80, 88) mmHg)were significantly lower than those in the control group (145 (138, 152) mmHg, 93 (88, 99) mmHg)(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) after 4 weeks of intervention(both P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the level of BUN in the ICSMT group (5.5 (3.7, 8.4) mmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (9.1 (6.8, 11.4) mmol/L), while the level of Hb and ALB in the ICSMT group ((115.0±10.0)g/L, (38.3±3.2)g/L)were significantly higher than those in the control group ((104.0±12.0)g/L, (37.1±2.9)g/L) (all P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health subscores of SF-36 in ICSMT group were all significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the score of ADL in the ICSMT group (15.42±1.58)was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.78±2.06) ( t=-4.08, P<0.05). At the 2-week post-intervention and the 4-week post-intervention, the severity of illness (SI) and global improvement (GI) in the ICSMT group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the efficacy index (EI) in the ICSMT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:ICSMT can effectively promote the physical, psychological, and social functional rehabilitation of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing MHD, significantly improving their quality of life.

In the judicial appraisal of medical injury related to retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),evaluating the loss of visual rehabilitation opportunities for premature infants is crucial for determining liability.Based on the pathogenesis and progression of ROP,and with reference to diagnostic and treatment standards such as the Chinese Guidelines for Screening Retinopathy of Premature Infants(2014),we attempted to establish a multidimensional quantitative analysis framework that incorporates high-risk factor identification,fault-causation analysis,and loss-of-chance quantification.This framework provides a standardized and quantifiable technical pathway for the rational evaluation of rehabilitation opportunity loss in ROP-related medical injury identification.

Objective:To explore the rehabilitation effects of individual computer story-version magnanimous therapy (ICSMT) on patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:A total of 120 patients with end-stage renal disease receiving MHD treatment at the Department of Nephrology Hemodialysis Center of Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou from August 2022 to April 2024 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into control group ( n=60, receiving routine clinical treatment) and ICSMT group ( n=60, receiving routine clinical treatment combined with ICSMT for psychological intervention) by random number table method.The patients in the two groups were evaluated by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), enterprising and magnanimous questionnaire (EMQ), the short-form-36 health survey (SF-36), and activity of daily living scale (ADL) before intervention and at 4-week post-intervention.Blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum albumin (ALB) levels were also measured before the intervention and at the 4-week post-intervention.The clinical global impression scale (CGI) was used to evaluate clinical efficacy before the intervention, at the 2-week post-intervention, and at the 4-week post-intervention.Statistics analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0.1.0(171). Independent-samples t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results:After 4 weeks of intervention, the SAS and SDS in the ICSMT group (49.0 (48.0, 50.0), 50.0 (49.0, 51.0)) were significantly lower than those in the control group (51.0 (50.0, 52.0), 52.0 (51.0, 53.0)) (both P<0.001). The enterprising subscore of the EMQ in the ICSMT group (35.0 (32.0, 37.0)) was significantly higher than that in the control group (31.0 (29.0, 34.0)) ( P<0.001). Furthermore, the differences of enterprising and magnanimous subscores between the two groups before and after intervention in the ICSMT group (2.0 (1.0, 4.0), 1.0 (-1.0, 2.0))were significantly higher than those in the control group (-1.0 (-1.0, 0), -1.0 (-1.2, 0)) (both P<0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in the ICSMT group (130 (126, 134) mmHg, 85 (80, 88) mmHg)were significantly lower than those in the control group (145 (138, 152) mmHg, 93 (88, 99) mmHg)(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) after 4 weeks of intervention(both P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the level of BUN in the ICSMT group (5.5 (3.7, 8.4) mmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (9.1 (6.8, 11.4) mmol/L), while the level of Hb and ALB in the ICSMT group ((115.0±10.0)g/L, (38.3±3.2)g/L)were significantly higher than those in the control group ((104.0±12.0)g/L, (37.1±2.9)g/L) (all P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health subscores of SF-36 in ICSMT group were all significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the score of ADL in the ICSMT group (15.42±1.58)was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.78±2.06) ( t=-4.08, P<0.05). At the 2-week post-intervention and the 4-week post-intervention, the severity of illness (SI) and global improvement (GI) in the ICSMT group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the efficacy index (EI) in the ICSMT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:ICSMT can effectively promote the physical, psychological, and social functional rehabilitation of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing MHD, significantly improving their quality of life.

In the judicial appraisal of medical injury related to retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),evaluating the loss of visual rehabilitation opportunities for premature infants is crucial for determining liability.Based on the pathogenesis and progression of ROP,and with reference to diagnostic and treatment standards such as the Chinese Guidelines for Screening Retinopathy of Premature Infants(2014),we attempted to establish a multidimensional quantitative analysis framework that incorporates high-risk factor identification,fault-causation analysis,and loss-of-chance quantification.This framework provides a standardized and quantifiable technical pathway for the rational evaluation of rehabilitation opportunity loss in ROP-related medical injury identification.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to public health. Advances in medical science and increased screening awareness have improved early-stage diagnosis rates, allowing more patients to undergo radical treatment at initial diagnosis. Concurrently, ongoing developments in treatment modalities have expanded the options available for both patients and clinicians. The challenge now lies in making informed decisions to achieve individualized precision medicine, which merits thorough exploration. This article aims to review the latest research on personalized treatment strategies for early-stage HCC, providing a reasonable reference and valuable insights for clinicians.