Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major occupational health concern, particularly among workers exposed to adverse ergonomic conditions. Manganese production involves heavy physical demands, yet research on WMSDs among manganese workers remains limited. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among manganese workers in a manganese enterprise in Guangxi. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2024 on workers at a manganese factory in Guangxi. The Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, distribution of musculoskeletal symptoms, and work-related exposures. χ² test was applied to compare differences in positive WMSDs rates across groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors. Results A total of 1476 workers were enrolled in the study after pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of WMSDs was 34.15%. The most commonly affected body regions were the lower back (17.28%), neck (16.67%), and shoulders (13.82%). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that female, older age, and education level of college or above were associated with a higher risk of WMSDs (P<0.05). Awkward working postures were significantly associated with WMSDs in corresponding body regions; in particular, awkward postures of the neck, upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs were related to an increased risk of WMSDs in multiple body sites (P<0.05). In addition, poor lighting conditions, high workplace temperature, frequent or sustained arm support during work, and high job demands were associated with an increased risk of overall or site-specific WMSDs (P<0.05). Conclusion The high prevalence of WMSDs among manganese workers is closely associated with demographic characteristics, working postures, and work environment and organizational factors. Targeted ergonomic interventions focusing on high-risk body regions and key ergonomic exposures are warranted to reduce the risk of WMSDs among manganese workers.

Background Long-term occupational health surveillance facilitates the identification of chronic health risks arising from occupational hazard exposures. However, under low-level exposure conditions in chemical enterprises, traditional workplace-centered risk assessment models are insufficient to fully explain the observed health effects among workers, highlighting the need for individual-focused health management strategies that focus on the worker. Objective To characterize long-term health trends among workers in a chemical enterprise and examine the limitations of workplace hazard monitoring and health surveillance under low-level multiple exposure scenarios, thereby providing a scientific basis for more comprehensive worker health protection measures. Methods We analyzed 972 occupational health examination records collected over a 15-year period (2010–2024) from a chemical enterprise, integrating these with enterprise hazard monitoring reports and workshop air monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The annual counts and prevalences of abnormalities in liver function tests, metabolic syndrome-related indicators, and liver imaging were summarized. Temporal trends were evaluated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Time-related changes in abnormal health indicators among active workers were evaluated by generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs), adjusting for age and sex. Individual longitudinal profiles were described for nine workers with continuous 15-year records. In addition, paired comparisons of health outcomes were conducted for 81 workers with both pre-employment and periodic examinations. Results Workplace hazard monitoring indicated that airborne concentrations of major occupational contaminants including VOCs, acids and bases, dust, and physical factors were below national occupational exposure limits. However, 62 VOC species—including chlorobenzene, chloromethane, and cyclohexane—were detected in workshop air, suggesting complex mixed organic solvent exposure. From 2010 to 2015, occupational health examination records were primarily based on physicians’ qualitative assessment, yielding generally low abnormality detection rates. During 2016–2024, data collection was complete, and the prevalences of abnormalities in liver function, metabolic syndrome-related indicators, and liver imaging among active workers remained relatively high. Trend analysis indicated that only the abnormality rates of total bilirubin (TBIL) and hypertension showed statistically significant temporal trends; other indicators exhibited no significant linear changes despite high prevalences. After adjusting for age and sex, the GLMMs showed that the abnormality rates of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), TBIL, and hypertension decreased over time, whereas those of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty liver increased. In a subgroup of 9 workers with continuous 15-year follow-up data, the cumulative number of abnormal health indicators increased in several individuals after 2016. Among the 81 workers with both pre-employment and periodic records, abnormalities in total cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, and fatty liver were significantly more prevalent after employment over time, whereas changes in liver function enzymes were not statistically significant. Conclusion With increasing age, workers exhibit a gradual deterioration in liver function and metabolic-related health indicators, reaching abnormality rates comparable to those reported in the general population. These findings suggest that both workplace-related and non-occupational factors jointly contribute to the observed health changes. Consequently, occupational health management should shift towards an "individual-centered" approach. Enhancing workers' health literacy, strengthening workplace health promotion, and extending occupational health services beyond the workplace are essential to comprehensively protect workers' health.

BackgroundPolychlorinated dibenzo‑p‑dioxins （PCDDs） is a type of global environmental pollutants， have been shown in numerous studies to exert neurotoxic effects. Nevertheless， existing research has predominantly focused on 2，3，7，8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxin （2，3，7，8‑TCDD）. Whether low‑chlorinated PCDDs （LC‑PCDDs）， a subclass with fewer chlorine substitutions， can induce depression as well as the corresponding molecular mechanisms remains unclear. ObjectiveTo elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying depression induced by LC‑PCDDs， so as to provide evidence for environmental neuro-psychotoxicological risk assessment. Methods①Network toxicology. Four compounds， namely 2-monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （2-MCDD）， dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （DCDD）， 1，2，4‑trichlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxin （1，2，4-TrCDD）， and 2，3，7-TrCDD， were selected as research subjects. Their toxic profiles were predicted using public databases， and target genes associated with LC-PCDDs and depression were retrieved. The overlapping targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Topological analysis was subsequently performed via the CytoNCA plugin in Cytoscape to identify hub targets. Finally， Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses for these hub targets were completed in DAVID. ②Molecular docking. Docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7， and the binding poses and interaction profiles of the resultant protein-ligand complexes were visualized using PyMOL （TM） 3.1.6.1. ③Molecular dynamics simulation. A 100-ns production simulation for the top-ranked docked complex was carried out using GROMACS 2025. The protein was parameterized with the AMBER99SB-ILDN force field， the ligand topologies were generated using GAFF2， and the two were then merged to construct the protein-ligand complex system. The complex was solvated in TIP3P water， and the system was adjusted to physiological ionic strength by adding 0.15 mol/L Na⁺/Cl⁻. Following energy minimization and sequential 2-ns equilibrations in canonical and isothermal-isobaric ensembles， a 100-ns production run was executed at 310 K and 1 bar. Results①Network toxicology analysis identified 10 hub targets （ESR1， HSP90AA1， PPARG， EGFR， MAPK1， MAPK14， AR， PGR， CDK2， and TGFBR1）， which were enriched in multiple critical signaling pathways. ②Molecular docking revealed that all four compounds exhibited strong binding affinities for hub targets， with 2-MCDD showing the highest binding affinity for PPARG （ΔG=-8.836 kcal/mol）. ③Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the ligand-receptor complex formed by 2-MCDD and PPARG maintained a stable binding conformation throughout the 100-ns simulation. ConclusionLC-PCDDs may serve as significant environmental risk factors for depression， participating in its pathogenesis by mediating a multidimensional regulatory network involving metabolism， oxidative damage and apoptosis. ［Funded by Hubei Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Excellent Talents Project］.

Innate lymphoid cells are an important part of innate mucosal immunity and participate in immune response by secreting effector cytokines and regulating the functions of other immune cells.They are similar to T helper cells in transcription factors and secretory cytokines,but they also have some unique functions.Different innate lymphocyte subsets play different roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)according to their respective characteristics.Compared with adaptive lymphocyte,innate lymphocyte is relatively less in lymphoid tissue,accounting for only a small part of lung immune cells,but these lymphocyte cells play a crucial role in the development and progression of COPD.In this paper,the role of innate lymphoid cells in COPD and the related research progress were reviewed.

Objective The effect of total polysaccharides on the absorption of small molecule components in Taohong Siwu Decoction was studied.Methods A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reper-fusion(MCAO/R)model was established by using thread occlu-sion method.Intragastric administration of THSWD.THSWD small molecule(THSWDX)and THSWDPX(THSWD polysaccharide plus small molecule)was performed once a day for7days each.Brain,serum,stool and colon were collected after the last dose.TTC staining was used to detect the infarct size,HE staining was used to detect the pathology of colon.16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the changes of intestinal flora in rats.Serum metabolite differences were detected by fully targeted metabolomics.Results In the polysaccharide group,the cerebral infarction size was significantly reduced,the colonic crypt structure was intact,goblet cells were abundant,and the epithelial structure was intact.16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that compared with the model group,the abundance of Bacteroidetes could be decreased in each administration group,especially in THSWD,and the abundance of Pro-teobacteria,Firmicutes and verrucobacteria could be increased at the same time.The amino acid content in each administration group in-creased while the organic acid content decreased,The abundance of Bacteroidetes in the small molecule group administered alone was still high.and the short-chain fatty acid components such as butyric acid and glutaric acid were missing.and there were differences in trypto-phan metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism pathway.Conclusion Polysaccharides and small molecules have synergistic effects.and their main targets are intestinal flora,which are embodied in the following two aspects:①Polysaccharide can improve the structure of the flora,and promote better drug absorption;②Changes in the intestinal floraffect the changes of metabolites.and different metabolites partic-ipate in body metabolism through different ways to accelerate the recovery of the lesion site.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,differential diagnosis,and prognosis of breast carcinoma within fibroadenoma(FA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of 21 cases of FA-associated carcinoma.HE staining,immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method,and next-generation sequencing were employed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic alterations,with a review of the relevant literature.Results All patients were female,aged 21-67 years,with a median age of 48 years.Clinically,all lesions presented with well-circumscribed mass lesions.On imaging,12 cases demonstrated punctate or coarse calcifications,while 3 cases exhibited locally indistinct margins.Pathological examination revealed that the tumors had an average maximum diameter of 2.25 cm,with a gray-white nodular cut surface resembling FA.Microscopically,there was proliferation of either epithelial or spindle cells.The pathological diagnosis was FA-associat-ed in situ carcinoma in 16 cases(15 cases of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and 1 case of lobular carcinoma in si-tu),and invasive carcinoma in 5 cases(comprising 2 cases of invasive carcinoma-no special type,1 case of invasive lobular carcinoma,1 case of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 case of fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcino-ma).In 18 cases,the carcinoma was confined within the FA,whereas in 3 cases the tumor locally extended beyond the FA,and 1 case exhibited ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis.Immunophenotypically,tumor cells in in situ carcinomas were negative for CK5/6,while the myoepithelial cells were p63-positive,and both estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR)were diffusely and consistently positive.In invasive carcinoma,both ductal and lobular subtypes were ER and PR positive and HER2 negative.Conversely,in the low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and fi-bromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma,ER,PR,and HER2 were all negative,with p63 and CK5/6 positivity.Two ca-ses were negative for mismatch repair protein PMS2.Six cases had a family or personal history of malignant tumors;a-mong the 5 cases that underwent next-generation sequencing,2 cases harbored germline BRCA2 mutations,2 cases had germline PMS2 mutations,and 1 case exhibited no definitive genetic alteration.Conclusion Carcinoma arising within FA exhibits atypical clinical and imaging features.In patients with high-risk factors for breast cancer or family history of malignancy,or when calcifications are observed on imaging,prompt excision and biopsy are recommended.Recogniz-ing the abnormal morphology within FA and the use of immunohistochemistry are essential for accurate diagnosis,with careful differentiation from spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma.Overall,the prognosis is relatively favorable,and treatment should be tailored according to tumor type,molecular subtype,and stage.

To investigate the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of Nymphaea candida total flavonoids(NCTF)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and its safety in mice,this study first deter-mined the antibacterial effect of NCTF on the clinically isolated strain S.aureus-C1.Subsequently,the inhibitory mechanism of NCTF on S.aureus-C1 was explored by measuring its effects on bac-terial growth curves,microstructure,intracellular AKP and LDH levels,and biofilm formation.Safety evaluation included determination of LD50 and MDT in mice,as well as analysis of serum biochemical parameters,organ indices,and histopathological observations.Results showed that NCTF effectively inhibited S.aureus-C1 proliferation,with an inhibition zone diameter of(18.98±0.67)mm and a MIC of 6.25 g/L.A concentration of 2×MIC nearly completely suppressed bacte-rial growth.Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural damage to bacterial cells,including collapse and shrinkage.AKP and LDH assays indicated significantly increased AKP activity(P＜0.05)and decreased intracellular LDH activity(P＜0.05)in the supernatant of drug-treated groups,demonstrating NCTF-induced disruption of cell walls and membranes leading to leakage of AKP and LDH.Crystal violet staining of biofilms showed significant inhibition rates of(43.77±9.16)％and(61.71±9.82)％at 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC concentrations,respectively(P＜0.05).Safe-ty assessments indicated low toxicity of NCTF in mice,with transient effects that returned to nor-mal levels within a short period.These findings demonstrate that NCTF exhibits potent antibacte-rial activity against S.aureus-C1 by damaging bacterial cell structures,increasing cell wall/mem-brane permeability,reducing biofilm formation,and displaying low toxicity.This study provides scientific evidence for clinical drug screening against bovine mastitis and the development of Nym-phaea candida resources.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of mild hypothermia-induced reduction of neuronal apoptosis during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in rats.Methods:Forty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), cerebral I/R group (IR group), hypothermia + cerebral I/R group (HIR group), hypothermia + cerebral ischemia-reperfusion + solvent group (HIR-DMSO group) and hypothermia + ischemia-reperfusion + CaMKK2 inhibitor STO-609 group (HIR-STO609 group). A global cerebral I/R injury model was established using the four-vessel occlusion method. In HIR group, HIR-DMSO group, and HIR-STO609 group, an ice blanket was used to reduce the body temperature immediately after cerebral ischemia, bringing the core body temperature down to 32.5-33.5 ℃, and rewarming was carried out 4 h later. One hour before developing the model, STO-609 solution 4 μl was injected into the lateral ventricle in HIR-STO609 group, and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide solution was given instead in HIR-DMSO group. At the end of reperfusion, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was performed. Then the rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and the hippocampal tissues were taken to observe the pathological results of the hippocampal tissues (using HE staining and Nissl staining) and to determine the apoptosis rate of neurons (by TUNEL method) and expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), CaMKK2, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and AMPK (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was down-regulated, and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased in IR group ( P<0.05). Compared with IR group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased, the expression of Bax was down-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was up-regulated, and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was increased in HIR group ( P<0.05). Compared with HIR group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was down-regulated, the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in HIR-DMSO group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Mild hypothermia can inhibit neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating the CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway, thus reducing cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective:To analyze the current status, hotspots, and trends of community integration (CI) at home and abroad, providing directions for subsequent research.Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Web of Science Core Collection data were used, and CiteSpace software was employed to analyze the publication, countries, disciplines, and keywords of CI.Results:A total of 932 Chinese and 2 319 English hits were included. The publication of CI had shown an increasing trend both domestically and internationally. Sociology and rehabilitation were the main disciplines in CI domestically and internationally, respectively. Domestically, CI research primarily focused on the community integration of migrant workers, floating populations, and accompanying family members. Internationally, the emphasis was on the integration of individuals with disabilities and other special groups. Future research directions in China were likely to focus on group work, the elderly, and relocated populations. Internationally, CI research would continue to concentrate on CI experiences and intervention methods for individuals with disabilities and special populations.Conclusion:CI is increasingly gaining attention both domestically and internationally. However, domestic research remains insufficient and needs to be expanded through more empirical studies in various vertical subfields. Future domestic scholars should continue to focus on CI of the elderly and engage in interdisciplinary research.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,differential diagnosis,and prognosis of breast carcinoma within fibroadenoma(FA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of 21 cases of FA-associated carcinoma.HE staining,immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method,and next-generation sequencing were employed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic alterations,with a review of the relevant literature.Results All patients were female,aged 21-67 years,with a median age of 48 years.Clinically,all lesions presented with well-circumscribed mass lesions.On imaging,12 cases demonstrated punctate or coarse calcifications,while 3 cases exhibited locally indistinct margins.Pathological examination revealed that the tumors had an average maximum diameter of 2.25 cm,with a gray-white nodular cut surface resembling FA.Microscopically,there was proliferation of either epithelial or spindle cells.The pathological diagnosis was FA-associat-ed in situ carcinoma in 16 cases(15 cases of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and 1 case of lobular carcinoma in si-tu),and invasive carcinoma in 5 cases(comprising 2 cases of invasive carcinoma-no special type,1 case of invasive lobular carcinoma,1 case of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 case of fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcino-ma).In 18 cases,the carcinoma was confined within the FA,whereas in 3 cases the tumor locally extended beyond the FA,and 1 case exhibited ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis.Immunophenotypically,tumor cells in in situ carcinomas were negative for CK5/6,while the myoepithelial cells were p63-positive,and both estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR)were diffusely and consistently positive.In invasive carcinoma,both ductal and lobular subtypes were ER and PR positive and HER2 negative.Conversely,in the low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and fi-bromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma,ER,PR,and HER2 were all negative,with p63 and CK5/6 positivity.Two ca-ses were negative for mismatch repair protein PMS2.Six cases had a family or personal history of malignant tumors;a-mong the 5 cases that underwent next-generation sequencing,2 cases harbored germline BRCA2 mutations,2 cases had germline PMS2 mutations,and 1 case exhibited no definitive genetic alteration.Conclusion Carcinoma arising within FA exhibits atypical clinical and imaging features.In patients with high-risk factors for breast cancer or family history of malignancy,or when calcifications are observed on imaging,prompt excision and biopsy are recommended.Recogniz-ing the abnormal morphology within FA and the use of immunohistochemistry are essential for accurate diagnosis,with careful differentiation from spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma.Overall,the prognosis is relatively favorable,and treatment should be tailored according to tumor type,molecular subtype,and stage.