Objective: To explore the longitudinal associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function in schoolaged children, so as to provide the nutritional research evidence for promoting children s lung health. Methods: In November 2021, two primary schools located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province were selected from the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) cohort by a stratified cluster random sampling method, enrolling a total of 1 112 school aged children aged 8 to 13 years. At baseline, the dietary and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were assessed. One year later, the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the children was measured and converted into Z scores (FVC- Z ), while the vital capacity index (VCI) was also calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function, considering interactions with gender and age, followed by stratified analysis. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the analysis results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the carbohydrate energy ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.02) and VCI ( β =-0.16), while the fat energy ratio showed a positive correlation with FVC- Z ( β =0.03) and VCI ( β =0.23) ( P <0.05). The protein energy ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.09) and VCI ( β =0.60) specifically in girls ( P <0.05). Additionally, there was an interaction effect of age on the associations between macronutrients and lung function ( P <0.01); in children aged 8-9 and 10-11, the carbohydrate energy supply ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.04, -0.03) and VCI ( β =-0.29, -0.21), and fat energy supply ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.07, 0.05) and VCI ( β =0.46, 0.32) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There are age and sex differences in the association of dietary macronutrients with lung function, with a low carbohydrate, high fat diet promoting lung function in children. Additionally, protein intake appears to have a positive influence on the lung function of girls. The early school age period may represent a critical window for dietary interventions aimed at promoting lung health.

After being treated with acupuncture, some patients with idiopathic tinnitus may experience a short-term aggravation of tinnitus symptoms on the original basis. These symptoms can be gradually relieved and the overall condition fluctuates towards recovery. This phenomenon has brought some difficulties to patients and clinicians. Based on the academic view of TCM, "destroying pathogens and re-building balance", and in association with the existing understanding of acupuncture in modern medicine for tinnitus, this paper briefly discusses the mechanism and influencing factors of symptom fluctuation in patients with idiopathic tinnitus after acupuncture treatment in terms of both TCM and modern medicine, and proposes the future direction in the research of symptom fluctuation, so as to promote the recognition of clinicians and patients on symptom fluctuation and make rational use of its positive effects. Besides, it is hoped that more researchers will pay attention to symptom fluctuation and advance the exploration of it in academic field.
Humans ; Tinnitus/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Male ; Female

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） is a common neuropsychiatric illness and is listed as one of the top ten disabling conditions causing loss of income and reduced quality of life. Psychological distress is an important cause of anhedonia in OCD patients， and is closely related to psychosomatic symptoms. Therefore， exploring the role of anhedonia in the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms is of great significance for optimizing clinical psychological treatment protocols for OCD patients. ObjectiveTo explore the role of anhedonia in the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms in OCD patients， with the aim of providing references for managing psychosomatic symptoms in patients. MethodsA total of 90 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for OCD according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）， and who visited the Mental Health Center outpatient clinic of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2023 to November 2024 were selected as the study objects. The instruments and techniques used for the evaluation were： Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale （DARS）， 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale （K10） and Psychosomatic Symptom Scale （PSSS）. Model 4 of the Process for SPSS 26.0 was used to test the mediating role of anhedonia in the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms， with Bootstrapping used to assess the significance of mediating effect. ResultsA total of 84 patients （93.33%） completed the valid questionnaire. K10 score was positively correlated with PSSS total score， psychological symptom score and physical symptom score （r=0.559， 0.460， 0.551， P<0.01）. K10 score was negatively correlated with DARS total score （r=-0.527， P<0.01）. The total score of DARS was negatively correlated with PSSS total score （r=-0.497， P<0.01）. Anhedonia mediated the relationship between psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms， with an indirect effect value was 0.148 （95% CI： 0.042~0.278）， accounting for 26.48% of the total effect. ConclusionPsychological distress can affect the psychosomatic symptoms in OCD patients both directly and indirectly via anhedonia.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the optimal regimen of acupuncture and moxibustion for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), so as to provide the evidences for clinical decision-making. METHODS: From 7 databases in Chinese and English i.e. the Full-Text Database of China Journal Network (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trial (RCT) articals of OSAHS treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were searched. The quality of evidence was evaluated with the modified Jadad scale, the evaluation index was established and the optimal regimen of acupuncture and moxibustion for OSAHS was screened by multi-index decision analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs were included, and the filiform needling therapy was optimal in treatment of OSAHS. The acupoints included Lianquan (CV23), Danzhong (CV17), Zhongwan (CV12), and bilateral Kongzui (LU6), Pishu (BL20), Fenglong (ST40), Zusanli (ST36), Yinlingquan (SP9) and Zhaohai (KI6). Zusanli (ST36) received the reinforcing method, Pishu (BL20) and Fenglong (ST40) were stimulated with the reducing technique, and the rest acupoints with the uniform reinforcing-reducing. Each acupoint was manually manipulated once every 10 min during the needle retention for 30 min. Acupuncture was delivered once a day, 5 times a week and for consecutive 4 weeks. Among the included literature, the severity of disease was not reported in detail, the filiform needling was the dominant intervention, the local acupoints such as Lianquan (CV23) and Panglianquan (Extra) were mainly selected. The apnea-hypopnea index and the minimum oxygen saturation were taken as the evaluation indexes, and the effect was evaluated in reference to the generally accepted standards. The attention to safety evaluation was insufficient, the report on methodology was not adequate and the quality was low. CONCLUSION Filiform needling is the dominant therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion for OSAHS, and the local acupoints are considered specially. But the quality of clinical research should be improved.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVES: Uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) myopathy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous missense mutations in the GNE gene. This study aims to explore the impact of the homozygous p.V543M mutation in on cell phenotype and to gain preliminary insights into the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells were used to construct wild-type (WT-GNE) and mutant (MUT-GNE) GNE overexpression models. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess GNE protein expression levels and subcellular localization. Cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, crystal violet staining, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) staining. Sialic acid synthesis levels and GNE enzymatic activity were measured, and the mRNA expression of sialic acid biosynthesis-related enzymes was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Western blotting confirmed successful establishment of GNE overexpression models. Immunofluorescence showed significantly reduced co-localization of GNE protein with Golgin-97 in the MUT-GNE group compared to WT-GNE (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.65±0.08 vs 0.83±0.06, P<0.05). Compared with WT-GNE, cells in the MUT-GNE group exhibited increased adhesion, decreased proliferation, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05). No significant differences in apoptosis were observed between groups. The MUT-GNE group showed reduced sialic acid production, significantly decreased kinase activity, and downregulated transcription of sialic acid biosynthesis-related enzymes compared to WT-GNE (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The p.V543M mutation in the GNE gene alters cellular phenotype by reducing GNE enzymatic activity and the transcription of sialic acid biosynthesis enzymes, ultimately impairing sialic acid production.
Humans ; Mutation, Missense ; HEK293 Cells ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; Phenotype ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Homozygote ; Cell Adhesion/genetics* ; Distal Myopathies/genetics*

Gene therapy, harnessing the power of CRISPR-Cas9 and/or DNAzyme systems, stands as a pivotal approach in cancer therapy, enabling the meticulous manipulation of genes pivotal to tumorigenesis and immunity. However, the pursuit of precise gene therapy encounters formidable hurdles. Herein, a near-infrared upconversion theranostic nanomachine is devised and tailors for CRISPR-Cas9/DNAzyme systems mediate precise gene therapy. An ingenious logic DNAzyme system consists of Chain 1 (C1)/Chain 2 (C2) and endogenous lncRNA is designed. We employ manganese modified upconversion nanoparticles for carrying ultraviolet-responsive C1-PC linker-C2 (C₂P) chain and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP), with outermost coats with hyaluronic acid. Upon reaching tumor microenvironment (TME), the released Mn²⁺ ions orchestrate a trifecta: facilitating endosomal escape, activating cGAS-STING signaling, and enabling T1-magnetic resonance imaging. Under near-infrared irradiation, Cas9 RNP/C₂P complex dissociates, releasing Cas9 RNP into the nucleus to perform gene editing of Ptpn2, while C1/C2 chains self-assemble with endogenous lncRNA to form a functional DNAzyme system, targeting PD-L1 mRNA for gene silencing. This strategy remodels the TME by activating cGAS-STING signaling and dual immune checkpoints blockade, thus realizing tumor elimination. Our theranostic nanomachine armed with the CRISPR-Cas9/DNAzyme logic systems, represents a resourceful and promising strategy for advancing cancer systemic immunotherapy and precise gene therapy.

Background Schizophrenia and the use of antipsychotic medications are identified to be the likely contributors to the development of metabolic syndrome(MS)and cardiovascular disease,and jeopardize the prognosis of schizophrenia.Therefore,effectively preventing or reducing the risk of developing MS in patients with schizophrenia is critical.Objective To explore the efficacy of aripiprazole combined with olanzapine for male schizophrenia patients and its effect on MS,so as to provide a certain reference for the selection of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia patients.Methods Male patients(n=80)who were hospitalized in The Third People's Hospital of Meizhou from February to June 2023 and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)diagnostic criteria for the schizophrenia were enrolled,and grouped using random number table method,each with 40 cases.Study group was treated with aripiprazole combined with olanzapine,while control group was given aripiprazole monotherapy.The treatment lasted for 6 continuous weeks in both groups.At the baseline,Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)score,MS-related indices[fasting plasma glucose(FPG),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),lipid profile],S100 calcium-binding protein B(S100B)and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were recorded.Then the PANSS scores at the end of the 2nd,4th and 6th week of treatment,the Clinical Global Impression(CGI)scores at the end of the 2nd and 6th week of treatment,as well as the MS-related indices,S100B,hs-CRP,Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)score and Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects(RSESE)score at the end of the 6th week of treatment were recorded in all participants.Results Analysis on PANSS score revealed a significant group effect,time effect and group×time interaction effect(F=18.092,634.780,2.917,P<0.05 or 0.01).Analysis on CGI score revealed a significant group effect and time effect(F=20.492,99.190,P<0.01).At the end of the 6th week of treatment,study group detected lower serum concentrations of HbA1c and triglyceride(TG)compared with control group(t=-3.495,-3.293,P<0.05).The post-treatment hs-CRP level was lower in study group than that in control group(t=-3.916,P<0.05).Study group scored lower on TESS compared with control group(t=-4.684,P<0.01).Conclusion Aripiprazole combined with olanzapine can effectively alleviate psychotic states in male schizophrenia patients,and the combination therapy yields less impact on MS-related indices than olanzapine monotherapy.

Objective:To explore the histopathological factors affecting the stiffness of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:Ninety-six patients with PTC confirmed by surgery and pathology in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected, including 101 nodules. Two-dimensional ultrasound and shear-wave elastography (SWE) were performed before surgery and the average Young's modulus (Emean) of PTC nodules were measured. Histopathological examinations on the nodules were conducted after surgery to decide the lesion size, number of lesions, calcification type, presence or absence of capsular and extracapsular invasion, degree of fibrosis, microvessel density, and number of tumor cells. The correlations between the lesion size, degree of fibrosis, microvessel density, and number of tumor cells and the Emean were analyzed. The Emeans of nodules with different numbers of lesions, presence or absence of capsular and extracapsular invasion, and different pathological calcification types were compared. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the histopathological factors influencing the Emean.Results:The ranges of the lesion sizes, degrees of fibrosis, microvascular density, numbers of tumor cells, and the Emeans of the 101 investigated PTC nodules were (1.29±0.95) cm, (30.64±18.37)%, (101.64±30.7) vessels per high power field, (373.52±149.87) cells per high power field, and (36.47±19.62) kPa, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the lesion size of PTC and the degree of fibrosis were positively correlated with the Emean ( r=0.660, P＜0.001; r=0.789, P＜0.001), while the microvessel density was negatively correlated with the Emean ( r=-0.198, P=0.047). The Emean of the group with capsular and extracapsular invasion was higher than that of the group without ( P=0.014). There were statistical differences in the Emeans among different types of pathological calcification ( P＜0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the lesion size ( β=0.325, P＜0.001), degree of fibrosis ( β=0.563, P＜0.001), psammoma bodies ( β=0.177, P=0.001), stromal calcification ( β=0.164, P=0.003), and mixed calcification of both psammoma bodies and stroma ( β=0.163, P=0.003) were independent influencing factors for the Emean. The degree of fibrosis had the greatest impact on the Emean. Conclusions:The Emean of PTC lesions was correlated with the histopathological characteristics of PTC. The lesion size, degree of fibrosis, and calcification had significant impact on the Emean, among which the degree of fibrosis had the greatest impact.

Objective:To explore the histopathological factors affecting the stiffness of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:Ninety-six patients with PTC confirmed by surgery and pathology in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected, including 101 nodules. Two-dimensional ultrasound and shear-wave elastography (SWE) were performed before surgery and the average Young's modulus (Emean) of PTC nodules were measured. Histopathological examinations on the nodules were conducted after surgery to decide the lesion size, number of lesions, calcification type, presence or absence of capsular and extracapsular invasion, degree of fibrosis, microvessel density, and number of tumor cells. The correlations between the lesion size, degree of fibrosis, microvessel density, and number of tumor cells and the Emean were analyzed. The Emeans of nodules with different numbers of lesions, presence or absence of capsular and extracapsular invasion, and different pathological calcification types were compared. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the histopathological factors influencing the Emean.Results:The ranges of the lesion sizes, degrees of fibrosis, microvascular density, numbers of tumor cells, and the Emeans of the 101 investigated PTC nodules were (1.29±0.95) cm, (30.64±18.37)%, (101.64±30.7) vessels per high power field, (373.52±149.87) cells per high power field, and (36.47±19.62) kPa, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the lesion size of PTC and the degree of fibrosis were positively correlated with the Emean ( r=0.660, P＜0.001; r=0.789, P＜0.001), while the microvessel density was negatively correlated with the Emean ( r=-0.198, P=0.047). The Emean of the group with capsular and extracapsular invasion was higher than that of the group without ( P=0.014). There were statistical differences in the Emeans among different types of pathological calcification ( P＜0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the lesion size ( β=0.325, P＜0.001), degree of fibrosis ( β=0.563, P＜0.001), psammoma bodies ( β=0.177, P=0.001), stromal calcification ( β=0.164, P=0.003), and mixed calcification of both psammoma bodies and stroma ( β=0.163, P=0.003) were independent influencing factors for the Emean. The degree of fibrosis had the greatest impact on the Emean. Conclusions:The Emean of PTC lesions was correlated with the histopathological characteristics of PTC. The lesion size, degree of fibrosis, and calcification had significant impact on the Emean, among which the degree of fibrosis had the greatest impact.

Objective:To discuss the protective effect of velvet antler peptide(VAP)on the postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)model rats,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 60 twelve-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,alendronate sodium group(1 mg·kg 1·d-1 alendronate sodium administered via gavage),low dose of VAP group(100 mg·kg·d-1 VAP administered via gavage),medium dose of VAP group(200 mg·kg 1·d-1 VAP administered via gavage),and high dose of VAP group(300 mg·kg1·d-1 VAP administered via gavage),and there were 10 rats in each group.Except for the sham operation group,the rats in the other groups underwent bilateral ovariectomy to establish the PMOP rat models.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to detect the femur bone mineral density(BMD)of the rats in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of serum calcium(Ca2+),serum phosphorus(P),bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP),and procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide(PINP)of the rats in various groups;Kits were used to detect the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)of the rats in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of bone tissue of the rats in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)proteins in bone tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Compared with sham operation group,the BMD in femur of the rats in model group was decreased(P＜0.01);compared with model group,the BMD in femur of the rats in alendronate sodium group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group was increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with sham operation group,the levels of Ca2+,P,BALP,PINP,and SOD activity in serum of the rats in model group were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the MDA level was increased(P＜0.01);compared with model group,the level of P in serum of the rats in medium dose of VAP group was increased(P＜0.01),and the levels of Ca2+,P,BALP,PINP and the activities of SOD in serum of the rats in alendronate sodium group and high dose of VAP group were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the level of MDA in serum was decreased(P＜0.05).The HE staining results showed that compared with sham operation group,the bone trabeculae in bone tissue of the rats in model group were thin and fractured,and the medullary cavity was enlarged;compared with model group,the bone trabeculae in bone tissue of the rats in alendronate sodium group,medium dose of VAP group,and high dose of VAP group were thick and tightly arranged,and had more osteocytes.The Western blotting results showed that compared with sham operation group,the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in bone tissue of the rats in model group were decreased(P＜0.01);compared with model group,the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K in bone tissue of rats in different doses of VAP groups were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the ratios of p-AKT/AKT of the rats in alendronate sodium group and high dose of VAP group was increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:VAP can improve PMOP in the rats,and its mechanisms may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the reduction of oxidative stress in bone tissue by VAP.