Bipolar disorder in children, a serious mental illness, often leads to significant functional impairment. Bipolar disorder onset in children is rare and is difficult to diagnose correctly due to the atypical clinical manifestations. Risperidone, as a second-generation antipsychotic, shows satisfied efficacy in children with bipolar disorder with dual effects on mood stabilization and psychotic symptom control. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone for the treatment of children with bipolar disorder remains unknown. This paper reports a 5-year-old child with bipolar disorder who was treated with low-dose risperidone and followed up for 4 years. The child showed significant emotional stabilization and behavioral improvement at the beginning of treatment. No serious side effects occurred during long-term follow-up. This paper detailly describes the clinical manifestations and diagnostic process of bipolar disorder onset in children in aspects of detailed clinical observation and evaluation. It summarizes the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder to provide valuable experience for clinicians.

Bipolar disorder in children, a serious mental illness, often leads to significant functional impairment. Bipolar disorder onset in children is rare and is difficult to diagnose correctly due to the atypical clinical manifestations. Risperidone, as a second-generation antipsychotic, shows satisfied efficacy in children with bipolar disorder with dual effects on mood stabilization and psychotic symptom control. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone for the treatment of children with bipolar disorder remains unknown. This paper reports a 5-year-old child with bipolar disorder who was treated with low-dose risperidone and followed up for 4 years. The child showed significant emotional stabilization and behavioral improvement at the beginning of treatment. No serious side effects occurred during long-term follow-up. This paper detailly describes the clinical manifestations and diagnostic process of bipolar disorder onset in children in aspects of detailed clinical observation and evaluation. It summarizes the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder to provide valuable experience for clinicians.

A demand-capacity mismatch exists between the services for child and adolescent mental health and the needs of society， and the contradiction is becoming increasingly prominent. This study aims to present a thorough analysis of the current status of research in child and adolescent mental disorders and the direction of discipline development， which consists of the epidemiology， etiology and pathogenesis， diagnostic progress， treatment progress and disciplinary development in child and adolescent mental disorders. Mental disorders in children and adolescents are known to have a high prevalence rate， and the disease is most likely to continue into adulthood if it is not identified and treated in a timely manner， posing a serious burden on patients， families and society. Currently， the etiology and pathogenesis of mental disorders in children and adolescents still remain unclear due to its complexity and the numerous interrelated contributing factors such as genetics， environment， stress events and so on. And the diagnosis is limited to symptomatology and lacks objective indicators. Therapeutically， the various treatment options available have shown certain clinical effectiveness， while suboptimal treatment outcomes have been reported among some children， which require multidisciplinary comprehensive intervention. Furthermore， the research on imaging genetics， new drug-target search， wise information technology of med and brain sciences needs to be strengthened， thus providing a broader approach to better address the needs of mental health services for children and adolescents.

Baylisascaris schroederi,a roundworm(ascaridoid)parasite specific to the bamboo-feeding giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca),represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations.Here,we present a 293-megabase chromosome-level genome assembly of B.schroederi to infer its biology,including host adaptations.Comparative genomics revealed an evolutionary trajectory accompanied by host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages after host separations,suggesting their potential for transmission and rapid adaptation to new hosts.Genomic and anatomical lines of evidence,including expansion and positive selection of genes related to the cuticle and basal metabolisms,indicate that B.schroederi undergoes specific adaptations to survive in the sharp-edged bamboo-enriched gut of giant pandas by structurally increasing its cuticle thickness and efficiently utilizing host nutrients through gut parasitism.Additionally,we characterized the secretome of B.schroederi and predicted potential drug and vaccine targets for new control strategies.Overall,this genome resource provides new insights into the host adaptation of B.schroederi to the giant panda as well as the host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages.Our findings on the unique biology of B.schroederi will also aid in the development of prevention and treatment measures to protect giant panda populations from roundworm parasitism.

Objective:To apply CBL combined with PBL based on SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-based) principle in nursing practice teaching in radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 100 nurses who performed nursing practice in the Department of Radiotherapy in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2016 to May 2020 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into a control group and a study group according to their admissions, with 50 people in each group. The study group used CBL combined with PBL teaching based on SMART principle, and the control group used traditional practice teaching. After the clinical practice, the two groups were assessed on theoretical and clinical practice skills, and the two groups' teaching satisfaction and teaching effects were evaluated through seminars and questionnaire surveys. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The theoretical and clinical practice performance assessment scores of the practical nurses in the study group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.001). The teaching satisfaction rate of the practice nurses in the control group was 62.00% (31/50), and that of the practice nurses in the study group was 96.00% (48/50), with significant differences ( P<0.001). In terms of improving independent learning ability, information acquisition and problem analysis ability, improving clinical thinking ability, mobilizing learning enthusiasm, enhancing teamwork ability, nurse-patient communication ability, and recognition of innovation ability, the teaching satisfaction of the research group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion:The application of SMART principle in teaching has the advantages of clear goals and quantifiable evaluation. The combination of CBL and PBL based on SMART principle can help to improve the mastery of theoretical and practical skills of radiotherapy practice nurses, and achieve satisfactory teaching results.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and its associated factors among college students in Changsha, so as to provide evidence of for effecive intervention of ADHD. Methods: A total of 8 080 students from two universities in Changsha were investigated with self-designed general situation questionnaire, Chinese version of Wende Utah adult rating scale for ADHD, World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Scale (ASRS) and Chinese Internet Scale (CIAS-R). Results: The self-report rate of ADHD was 7.2%. Single factor analysis showed that the incidence of ADHD in gender, physical and mental illness history, family history of mental illness, relationship with parents, smoking, drinking and Internet access were statistically significont (χ2=17.68, 22.25, 43.15, 20.73, 18.61, 43.05, 22.81, 53.55, 719.65, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the younger the age, mental illness, drinking, the higher the degree of Internet dependence were positively correlated with ADHD, while gender (female) and harmony with father were negatively correlated with ADHD. Conclusion ADHD in college students can t be ignored. There are many influencing factors, suffering from mental illness, drinking and Internet addiction.

This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese children. We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling. The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process. Of the target population of 142,086 children, 88.5% (n = 125,806) participated in the study. A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD. The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29% (95% CI: 0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population. After adjustment for response rates, the estimated number of ASD cases was 867 in the target population sample, thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.74%). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls (0.95%; 95% CI: 0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%; 95% CI: 0.26%-0.34%; P < 0.001). Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases, 43.3% were newly diagnosed, and most of those (90.4%) were attending regular schools, and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.

Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiaoerzhili syrup in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in children.Methods This study was performed by a multicenter self-controlled clinical observation trial.A total of 1 833 children with ADHD selected from 18 clinical centers from June 2013 to December 2015 were treated by Xiaoerzhili syrup for 6 months,and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.Chinese Version of ADHD Rating Scale-Ⅳ-Parent(ADHDRS-Ⅳ-P) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy,and the registration form of side reaction and the questionnaire of drug safety grade were used to assess the safety.Results Compared with the scores before treatment,the total scores of ADHDRS-Ⅳ-P,attention deficit subscale scores and hyperactivity impulsivity subscale scores decreased with statistically significant differences after treatment with Xiaoerzhili syrup in the total ADHD group,male ADHD group,female ADHD group,mild ADHD group,moderate ADHD group and severe ADHD group(all P ＜0.01).The statistically significant differences in the total scores of ADHDRS-Ⅳ-P,attention deficit subscale score and hyperactivity impulsivity subscale scores were not found in different gender before and after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).According to the results of CGI-Ⅰ,the proportion of "improved obviously" and above were 80.98％ (1 379 cases),79.95％ (1 089 cases) and 85.05％ (290 cases),in the total poptlation group,male group and female group,respectively.The side effects of drugs were found in six male cases.After treatment,safety problems were not found in the analysis of the safety evaluation.Conclusion Xiaoerzhili syrup treatment is effective in children with ADHD treatment,and security problems are not found.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gabapentin for treatment of neuropathic pain induced by bilateral sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (bCCI) of rats.Methods Forty-eight female SPF Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,aged 7-9 weeks,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),sham operation group (S group),bCCI group,and bCCI + gabapentin group (G group).Gabapentin 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once at 15 min before operation and twice a day during 7-13 days after operation for 7 consecutive days.The bilateral mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT),thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) and number of cold-stimulated paw withdrawal were measured before operation (baseline) and at 1,3,6,8,10,14 days after operation.Results Compared with C group,the bilateral MWT was significantly decreased,and the bilateral TWL was shortened in bCCI and G groups,and no significant change was found in MWT and TWL in S group.Compared with bCCI group,the bilateral MWT was significantly increased,the bilateral TWL was prolonged,and no significant change was found in the number of cold-stimulated paw withdrawal in G group.Conclusion Gabapentin can relieve thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by bCCI,however,it exerts no effect on cold allodynia in rats.

Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) infections affect domestic dogs, cats, and various wild mammals with increasing incidence in temperate and tropical areas. More sensitive antibody detection methodologies are required to diagnose asymptomatic dirofilariasis with low worm burdens. Applying current transcriptomic technologies would be useful to discover potential diagnostic markers for D. immitis infection. A filarial homologue of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was initially identified by screening the assembled transcriptome of D. immitis (DiTCTP). A BLAST analysis suggested that the DiTCTP gene shared the highest similarity with TCTP from Loa loa at protein level (97%). A histidine-tagged recombinant DiTCTP protein (rDiTCTP) of 40 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) showed immunoreactivity with serum from a dog experimentally infected with heartworms. Localization studies illustrated the ubiquitous presence of rDiTCTP protein in the lateral hypodermal chords, dorsal hypodermal chord, muscle, intestine, and uterus in female adult worms. Further studies on D. immitis-derived TCTP are warranted to assess whether this filarial protein could be used for a diagnostic purpose.
Animal Structures/chemistry ; Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/blood ; Antigens, Helminth/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dirofilaria immitis/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Markers, Biological/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification