Objective To evaluate the transition rules of normal body mass index(BMI),overweight and metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University were included.Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission,the patients were categorized into three states:normal BMI,overweight and metabolic syndrome.A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions.Results A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included,with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males.The median follow-up period was 40 months.The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states,of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS.The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS,9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI.After 48.53 months,MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS.For overweight MDD patients,the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months.MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months.For MDD patients comorbid with MetS,the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months.Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients,while a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients.Conclusion MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS,and it is not easy to reverse MetS,suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients.

Objective:To explore the association between big five personality traits, emotional coping information acquisition ability, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, providing theoretical support for behavioral intervention strategies targeting individuals with different personality traits and depressive symptoms.Methods:Data were obtained from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), a cross-sectional survey conducted from July to September 2021 across 120 cities in China, with 9 966 adults involved. The big five inventory-10 (BFI-10) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess personality traits and depressive symptoms, respectively. Emotional coping information acquisition ability was evaluated using a four-point Likert scale. Multivariable binary Logistic regression analysis was performed using R 4.3.1 software to examine associations among big five personality, emotion-coping information acquisition ability, and depressive symptoms.Results:Among the 9 966 surveyed adults, 1 213 individuals(12.2%) who met the PHQ-9 criteria were assessed to have positive depressive symptoms. Difficulties in acquiring emotional coping information were reported by 1 934 individuals(19.4%). The scores of extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness in big five personality traits were 6.26±1.58, 7.00±1.49, 6.26±1.49, 6.41±1.52 and 6.91±1.60, respectively. Inter-group comparisons reported statistically significant differences in the five major personality traits between the negative and positive group of depressive symptoms ( χ2=215.39, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that poor emotional coping information acquisition ability ( B=0.304, OR(95% CI)=1.36(1.15-1.59)) and dominant traits of extraversion ( B=0.597, OR(95% CI)=1.82(1.55-2.13)) or openness ( B=0.321, OR(95% CI)=1.38(1.10-1.72)) were significant risk factors for depression. Conclusions:Chinese adults with big five personality mainly presented as extroversion and openness traits, and with poor emotional coping and information acquisition abilities might be associated with depressive symptoms.

Objective:To explore the association between big five personality traits, emotional coping information acquisition ability, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, providing theoretical support for behavioral intervention strategies targeting individuals with different personality traits and depressive symptoms.Methods:Data were obtained from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), a cross-sectional survey conducted from July to September 2021 across 120 cities in China, with 9 966 adults involved. The big five inventory-10 (BFI-10) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess personality traits and depressive symptoms, respectively. Emotional coping information acquisition ability was evaluated using a four-point Likert scale. Multivariable binary Logistic regression analysis was performed using R 4.3.1 software to examine associations among big five personality, emotion-coping information acquisition ability, and depressive symptoms.Results:Among the 9 966 surveyed adults, 1 213 individuals(12.2%) who met the PHQ-9 criteria were assessed to have positive depressive symptoms. Difficulties in acquiring emotional coping information were reported by 1 934 individuals(19.4%). The scores of extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness in big five personality traits were 6.26±1.58, 7.00±1.49, 6.26±1.49, 6.41±1.52 and 6.91±1.60, respectively. Inter-group comparisons reported statistically significant differences in the five major personality traits between the negative and positive group of depressive symptoms ( χ2=215.39, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that poor emotional coping information acquisition ability ( B=0.304, OR(95% CI)=1.36(1.15-1.59)) and dominant traits of extraversion ( B=0.597, OR(95% CI)=1.82(1.55-2.13)) or openness ( B=0.321, OR(95% CI)=1.38(1.10-1.72)) were significant risk factors for depression. Conclusions:Chinese adults with big five personality mainly presented as extroversion and openness traits, and with poor emotional coping and information acquisition abilities might be associated with depressive symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the transition rules of normal body mass index(BMI),overweight and metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University were included.Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission,the patients were categorized into three states:normal BMI,overweight and metabolic syndrome.A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions.Results A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included,with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males.The median follow-up period was 40 months.The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states,of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS.The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS,9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI.After 48.53 months,MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS.For overweight MDD patients,the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months.MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months.For MDD patients comorbid with MetS,the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months.Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients,while a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients.Conclusion MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS,and it is not easy to reverse MetS,suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients.

Objective:To assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of 12-item immediate mood scale(IMS-12) in patients with depression.Methods:From January to June 2018, a total of 459 patients with depression recruited from an outpatient clinic by convenient sampling approach.All the subjects were assessed by the Chinese version of the IMS-12, and 43 of them were assessed again at the end of the first week.The 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS-SR16), and the generalized anxiety disorder scale-7(GAD-7) were used as validity indicator.The factor structure of the scale was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.The internal consistency of the Chinese version of the IMS-12 scale was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate test-retest reliability.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate calibration validity.The softwares of SAS 9.4 and Mplus 8.5 were used for statistical analysis.Results:The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the fitting result of the two-factor model was good(including depression and anxiety factors). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor model fit well and met the reference standard ( χ2/ df=2.82, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.920, RMSEA=0.088). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the Chinese version of the IMS-12 was 0.95, and the ICC for test-retest reliability was 0.85.The correlation coefficients of the total IMS-12 score with the QIDS-SR16 score and with the GAD-7 score were 0.69 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusion:The Chinese version of the IMS-12 has good reliability and validity and is suitable for the clinical assessment of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression.

In the past 30 years since its inception, the Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science has been constantly pragmatic and innovative, and adhered to the implementation of a series of strong journal plans.The editors taken the construction of high-quality scientific and technological journals as an opportunity, the Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science focuses on improving the core competitiveness of journals, expanding the international influence of journals, strengthening the digital construction of journals and improving editor ability to create high-quality scientific and technological journals.It has achieved fruitful results.In the future, the Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science will continue to adhere to the principle of " academic first, quality first" , grasp the implementation of the " China Brain Plan" and " Healthy China Action" , adhere to integrity and innovation, continue to create a brand of journals with higher academic influence, and further drive the development of disciplines.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of articles, authors and citation indexes in Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science(CJBMBS), so as to provide basis and guidance for further academic quality and editing and proofreading quality improving, and striving to build high-quality scientific and technological journal.Methods:Chinese Medical Journal Network and Wanfang database were used to obtain the information of articles published from 2009 to 2021.The citation indexes of the CJBMBS and the discipline journals of " neurology and psychiatry" were obtained from the natural science volume of the Citation Report (Core Edition) of Chinese Scientific and Technological Journals from 2002 to 2021.All data were analyzed by Excel 2010.Results:The CJBMBS published 187-314 articles per year from 2015 to 2021, and the annual number of articles decreased year by year.The average number of pages per article was 3.66-6.13 pages/article, showing an increasing trend year by year.Since 2015, the CJBMBS set up 3-7 key topics every year, and published 6.4%-16.2% articles of the annual.From 2009 to 2020, the average citation volume of magazine articles was 12.8-27.9, showing an increasing trend year by year.The average number of authors per article was basically stable at 4-6.From 2001 to 2020, the core impact factor of the CJBMBS was 0.188-1.327, with a wave like change and an overall upward trend.The total frequency of core citations was 155-2 836, with a rapid increase from 2001 to 2009, a stable at 2 500 from 2007 to 2017, and a downward trend after 2014.Compared with average level of the core journals of the discipline " neurology and psychiatry" , the core impact factor and the core total citation frequency of the CJBMBS from 2009 to 2020 were both significantly higher.From 2009 to 2020, the fund paper ratio of CJBMBS was 0.42-0.84, showing an upward trend.Conclusion:The citation indexes of CJBMBS are in the forefront of the discipline in recent years.In the future, we should pay more attention to the academic quality of papers and further expand the influence of the journal.

Objective:To explore the effect of the acute treatment outcome on the trajectory of residual symptoms for major depressive disorder (MDD).Method:This is a multicenter, prospective, non-intervention study. The MDD patients who self-reported an improvement after received an 8-12 weeks antidepressant treatment were included. Social-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at the baseline. Brief 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR 16), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale experience (ASEX), Digital Span Test (DST) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were used to assess the symptoms. Patients were followed up at month 1, 3 and 6. Mix effect model and generalized estimating equation were used to analysis changes over visits of symptoms within or between groups. Result:Totally, 428 eligible patients were included in this study. At baseline, 179 patients achieved remission (41.8%,179/428) and 249 achieved partial remission (58.2%,249/428). There were no significant differences in demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment between the two groups. The proportion of increased appetite, weight gain, suicidal ideation, and restlessness in the remission group did not change significantly over time ( Z=-1.62-1.34, all P>0.003), meanwhile, the proportion of hypersomnia, increased appetite, and weight gain in the partial remission group did not change significantly over the course of the assessments ( Z=-2.43- -1.26, all P>0.003). The proportion of other residual symptoms changed significantly from baseline to 6-month follow-up in both groups ( Z=-10.77- -2.46, all P<0.003), nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.37-3.26, all P>0.003). The total score of GAD-7 of the two groups were significantly different at each assessment timepoint (χ 2=24.68-113.80, P<0.01), and the improvement of anxiety in the remission group was better than that in the partial remission group ( F=8.39, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the total ASEX scores between the two groups at each visit ( F=-1.93- -0.68, all P>0.05), and there were no significant difference within the group ( F=0.01-0.17, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total scores of DST and DSST between the two groups at baseline ( F=-1.23, -1.14, all P>0.05), and also no significant differences were found during all follow-up visits after control for score at baseline ( F=-1.14- -0.91, all P>0.05). Conclusions:The treatment outcome of the acute phase has an impact on the residual symptoms of MDD. Remission has a positive effect on the improvement of anxiety, but has no significant effect on the improvement of sexual dysfunction and cognitive function.

In recent years, findings from various randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants have showed that the efficacy of drug treatment is not significantly different from that of placebo, therefore, scholars have begun to pay attention to the influence of placebo in it. In the research field of major depressive disorder, the mechanism and control measures for the placebo effect are still being explored. This article introduces the origins of placebo and placebo effects, and summarizes recent research results related to the psychological and neurological mechanisms of placebo effects. Additionally, we discuss the methods of controlling placebo effects in clinical drug trials, and provide references for future placebo-controlled trials.

Objective:To explore the effect of the acute treatment outcome on the trajectory of residual symptoms for major depressive disorder (MDD).Method:This is a multicenter, prospective, non-intervention study. The MDD patients who self-reported an improvement after received an 8-12 weeks antidepressant treatment were included. Social-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at the baseline. Brief 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR 16), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale experience (ASEX), Digital Span Test (DST) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were used to assess the symptoms. Patients were followed up at month 1, 3 and 6. Mix effect model and generalized estimating equation were used to analysis changes over visits of symptoms within or between groups. Result:Totally, 428 eligible patients were included in this study. At baseline, 179 patients achieved remission (41.8%,179/428) and 249 achieved partial remission (58.2%,249/428). There were no significant differences in demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment between the two groups. The proportion of increased appetite, weight gain, suicidal ideation, and restlessness in the remission group did not change significantly over time ( Z=-1.62-1.34, all P>0.003), meanwhile, the proportion of hypersomnia, increased appetite, and weight gain in the partial remission group did not change significantly over the course of the assessments ( Z=-2.43- -1.26, all P>0.003). The proportion of other residual symptoms changed significantly from baseline to 6-month follow-up in both groups ( Z=-10.77- -2.46, all P<0.003), nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.37-3.26, all P>0.003). The total score of GAD-7 of the two groups were significantly different at each assessment timepoint (χ 2=24.68-113.80, P<0.01), and the improvement of anxiety in the remission group was better than that in the partial remission group ( F=8.39, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the total ASEX scores between the two groups at each visit ( F=-1.93- -0.68, all P>0.05), and there were no significant difference within the group ( F=0.01-0.17, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total scores of DST and DSST between the two groups at baseline ( F=-1.23, -1.14, all P>0.05), and also no significant differences were found during all follow-up visits after control for score at baseline ( F=-1.14- -0.91, all P>0.05). Conclusions:The treatment outcome of the acute phase has an impact on the residual symptoms of MDD. Remission has a positive effect on the improvement of anxiety, but has no significant effect on the improvement of sexual dysfunction and cognitive function.