The receptors of Newcastle disease virus(NDV)are sialic acid receptors that mainly in-clude neu5ac-α-2,3gal-β-1,4Glc(SAα2,3Gal)and neu5ac-2-s-α-2,6Gal10Me(SAα2,6Gal).The distribution and abundance of the two receptors in host cells have important effects on virus sus-ceptibility and intracellular proliferation.In order to further explore the effects of sialic acid recep-tors on susceptibility and proliferation characteristics of NDV different strains,the expression lev-els of SAα2,3Gal and SAα2,6Gal receptors on BHK-21 cell membrane were adjusted by overex-pression and RNAi assays,and the TCID50 values were determined after different BHK-21 cells were inoculated with NDV strains Ⅰ and LaSota.The results suggested that NDV strain LaSota preferentially binds to SAα2,6Gal and strain Ⅰ selectively binds to SAα2,3Gal receptor.Further-more,the viral titers of NDV strains LaSota and Ⅰ in cell culture were positively correlated with the expression levels of SAα2,6Gal and SAα2,3Gal receptors on host cell membrane respectively.In conclusion,our studies provide an understanding of the relationship between infectivity of NDV different strains and receptor types of host cell,and provide a method to increase viral titer of NDV for cell-based vaccine production.

The receptors of Newcastle disease virus(NDV)are sialic acid receptors that mainly in-clude neu5ac-α-2,3gal-β-1,4Glc(SAα2,3Gal)and neu5ac-2-s-α-2,6Gal10Me(SAα2,6Gal).The distribution and abundance of the two receptors in host cells have important effects on virus sus-ceptibility and intracellular proliferation.In order to further explore the effects of sialic acid recep-tors on susceptibility and proliferation characteristics of NDV different strains,the expression lev-els of SAα2,3Gal and SAα2,6Gal receptors on BHK-21 cell membrane were adjusted by overex-pression and RNAi assays,and the TCID50 values were determined after different BHK-21 cells were inoculated with NDV strains Ⅰ and LaSota.The results suggested that NDV strain LaSota preferentially binds to SAα2,6Gal and strain Ⅰ selectively binds to SAα2,3Gal receptor.Further-more,the viral titers of NDV strains LaSota and Ⅰ in cell culture were positively correlated with the expression levels of SAα2,6Gal and SAα2,3Gal receptors on host cell membrane respectively.In conclusion,our studies provide an understanding of the relationship between infectivity of NDV different strains and receptor types of host cell,and provide a method to increase viral titer of NDV for cell-based vaccine production.

Objective:To explore the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic local pancreatectomy in the treatment of cystic neoplasms of pancreatic head.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted of data on patients with pancreatic head cystic neoplasms who received laparoscopic surgery at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February 2017 to October 2022. A total of 83 patients were enrolled, including 30 males and 53 females, aged (43.7±16.7) years old. All patients were divided into an observation group ( n=55) and a control group ( n=28) based on different surgical procedures. The observation group underwent laparoscopic local pancreatectomy (laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection or laparoscopic enucleation), while the control group underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). The age, gender, body mass index, postoperative hospital stay, proportion of discharged patients with drainage tubes, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion rate, and fistula were compared between two groups. Results:All patients successfully completed the surgery, and there were no cases of conversion to laparotomy or perioperative deaths. There was no statistically significant difference in age, male proportion, body mass index, postoperative hospital stay, and discharge rate with drainage tube between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The observation group had a surgical time of (194.4±114.0) min, intraoperative bleeding of 50 (50, 200) ml, and intraoperative blood transfusion rate of 5.5%(3/55), all of which were better than that of the control group, (380.0±71.6) min, 200 (100, 400) ml, and 32.1%(9/28), with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Among them, the B/C fistula rates in the laparoscopic local pancreatectomy group and LPD group were 12.7%(7/55) and 10.7%(3/28) ( P=0.790), respectively. Conclusion:Compared with traditional LPD, laparoscopic local pancreatectomy can shorten surgical time, reduce intraoperative bleeding, and lower intraoperative blood transfusion rate. And there is no significant disadvantage in the B or C grade fistula.

Objective:To study the safety and therapeutic effects of the modified pancreaticogastrostomy based on the concept of " Hong's one-stitch method" in digestive tract reconstruction in pancreatic surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 44 patients who underwent modified pancreaticogastresstomy at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May 2022 to October 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 23 males and 21 females , with a median age of 54 years old (range 18 to 70 years old). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative condition and complications were analysed.Results:All the 44 patients completed the operation successfully. There were 29 patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, 11 patients laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection, 1 patient laparoscopic central pancreatectomy, and 3 patients open pancreaticoduodenectomy. The time required for the pancreaticogastrostomy was (15.4±1.0) min in laparoscopic surgery, and (9.1±0.5) min in open surgery. There were 2 patients who developed grade A pancreatic fistula (4.55%, 2/44) and 7 patients gastric emptying disorder (15.91%, 7/44). There were no grade B or C pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, gastrointestinal anastomotic fistula, abdominal infection, postoperative bleeding and perioperative death.Conclusion:The modified pancreaticogastrostomy for digestive tract reconstruction in pancreatic surgery was safe and reliable. It effectively reduced the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula and improved prognosis of patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlations between serum E selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and left ventricular geometry and function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) combined with prehypertension (pre-HT).Methods:A total of 462 patients with pre-HT and OSAS diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep monitoring unit of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from July 2019 to July 2022 were restrospectively analysed, and 52 patients with pure pre-HT (pre-HT group) and 73 patients with pure OSAS (OSAS group) in the same period were selected as the control group. OSAS and pre-HT patients were divided into four groups according to left ventricular geometry: normal geometry (NG) group, concentric remodeling (CR) group, eccentric hypertrophy (EH) group and concentric hypertrophy (CH) group. The general clinical data, PSG parameters, blood biochemical parameters and left ventricular structure and function parameters were compared among the six groups. Pearson correlation and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between E-selection, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, general clinical data, PSG parameters, blood biochemical parameters with left ventricular geometry and function.Results:①Serum E selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 concentrations increased sequentially from the NG, CR, and EH to CH groups, with the most significant increase in CH group (all P<0.05). In addition, there were statistically significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), OSAS severity, neck circumference, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Glu, lowest oxygen saturation (Lowest-SaO 2), mean oxygen saturation (Mean-SaO 2), percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90% of total sleep time (T90), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative ventricular wall thickness (RWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), peak mitral early diastolic flow velocity/peak mitral late diastolic flow velocity (E/A), E wave deceleration time (DT), A wave duration (AD), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and overall long-axis longitudinal strain (GLS) and so on(all P<0.05). ②Pearson correlation analysis showed that E selectin was negatively correlated with LVEF, E/A, e′, E/e′, IVRT, and GLS ( r=-0.236, -0.131, -0.224, -0.215, -0.285, -0.336; all P<0.05). ICAM-1 was negatively correlated with LVEF, E, E/A, e′, IVRT, and GLS( r=-0.130, -0.129, -0.104, -0.351, -0.252, -0.259; all P<0.05). VCAM-1 was negatively correlated with E, e′, and IVRT ( r=-0.132, -0.312, -0.387; all P<0.001). ③Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that E selectin and VCAM-1 were independently correlated with EH (β=1.139, OR=3.124, P=0.030; β=1.288, OR=3.626, P<0.001) and with CH (β=1.178, OR=3.248, P=0.013; β=1.108, OR=3.028, P<0.001). Conclusions:E selection and VCAM-1 were independently correlated with hypertrophic left ventricular geometry, suggesting that E selectin and VCAM-1 may be involved in the process of abnormal left ventricular structure and function in patients with OSAS combined with pre-HT.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum cystatin C (Cys C) and left ventricular geometry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) complicated with prehypertension(PH).Methods:A total of 408 patients with PH and OSAS diagnosed by polysonogram monitoring in the sleep monitoring room of Respiratory Department, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from July 2018 to June 2021 were collected. Serum Cys C concentration and echocardiography were performed in all patients. According to the classification of left ventricular geometry, all patients were divided into four groups: normal configuration (NG) group( n=297), concentric remodeling (CR) group( n=49), eccentric hypertrophy (EH) group( n=33), and concentric hypertrophy (CH) group( n=29). General clinical data, sleep parameters, blood biochemical parameters, Cys C concentration and echocardiographic parameters were compared among the four groups, and the correlation between serum Cys C and left ventricular geometry was analyzed. Results:①The serum Cys C concentration increased successively from NG group, CR group, EH group to CH group, and the increase in CH group was the most obvious ( P<0.05). In addition, there were statistically significant differences in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), severity of OSAS, the percentage of the time that the blood oxygen saturation was less than 90% of the total sleep time (T90), lowest oxygen saturation (Lowest-SaO 2), mean oxygen saturation (Mean-SaO 2), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), inter-ventricular septal diameter (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness diameter (LVPWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E/A among all groups (all P<0.05). ②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Cys C was independently correlated with CR (β=0.721, OR=2.057, P=0.047), EH(β=0.961, OR=2.614, P=0.017) and CH (β=1.180, OR=3.254, P=0.010). Conclusions:There is a correlation between serum Cys C and left ventricular geometry in OSAS patients with PH, suggesting that serum Cys C might be involved in the change of left ventricular geometry.

Objective:To investigate the application value of laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 25 patients undergoing LDPPHR in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from November 2016 to November 2020 were collected. There were 7 males and 18 females, aged from 14 to 66 years, with a median age of 29 years. All the 25 patients underwent LDPPHR. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative histopathological examination; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect the recovery of patients up to March 2021. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range) and count data were descripted as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations: all the 25 patients underwent LDPPHR successfully, including 23 cases undergoing total pancreatic head resection and 2 cases undergoing subtotal pancreatic head resection. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 25 patients were 310 minutes (range, 207 to 540 minutes) and 200 mL (range, 50 to 800 mL), respectively. Of the 25 patients, 1 case was infused with 4 U of red blood cells and 400 mL of plasma, 1 case was infused with 500 mL of plasma, 1 case was infused with 600 mL of plasma and the remaining 22 cases were not infused with red blood cells or plasma. Of the 25 patients, 3 cases with pancreatic fistula of class B were discharged after drainage, 4 cases had biliary fistula including 2 cases undergoing symptoms disappeared after implantation of common bile duct stent by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 1 case recovering well with drainage, 1 case with postoperative perihepatic effusion undergoing symptoms disappeared after the treatment of drainage and common bile duct stent implantation, and the remaining 18 cases had no complications. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was 17 days (range, 9 to 27 days) of the 25 patients. (2) Postoperative histopathological examination: the tumor volume of the 25 patients was 6.0 cm×5.0 cm×2.0 cm (range, 1.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.5 cm to 10.0 cm×9.0 cm×8.0 cm). Results of the postoperative histopathological examination showed that there were 12 cases with pancreatic solid pseudopaillary neoplasm, 4 cases with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, 3 cases with serous cystadenoma, 2 cases with mucinous cystadenoma, 1 case with neuroendocrine neoplasm, 1 case with pancreatic true cyst, 1 case with cholesterol crystals combined with calcification in the center of pancreatic nodules and 1 case with cavernous hemangioma of pancreas. (3) Follow-up: all the 25 patients were followed up for 4 months to 48 months, with a median follow-up time of 27 months. During the follow-up, 1 case of the 25 patients with postoperative diabetes controlled blood glucose in the normal range after regular injection of insulin, 1 case with fatty diarrhea had symptoms improved after oral supplement of pancreatic enzyme preparation, 1 case with preoperative intermittent dizziness, weakness of both lower limbs and hypoglycemia had the level of blood glucose returned to normal without any special treatment after operation, and the remaining 23 cases had no metabolic complications. None of the 25 patients had tumor malignant transformation, recurrence or death. No long-term complications such as delayed gastric emptying, bile duct stones or stricture occurred to the 25 patients.Conclusion:LDPPHR is safe and feasible for the treatment of benign or low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic head, with the advantage of preserving the integrity of digestive tract.

Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes and surgical procedures of 32 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods From January 2013 to July 2018,32 patients who were diagnosed to have hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent total laparoscopic treatment in Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.The clinical data of these patients were recorded,including the general data,Bismuth types,AJCC types,postoperative complications,pathological findings,and follow-up results.Results This study included 20 males and 12 females with a mean age of 60.9±8.8 years and a body mass index of 22.6±3.2 kg/m2.According to the preoperative imaging studies,the Bismuth types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,Ⅲb,and Ⅳ were found in 12,2,3,4 and 11 patients,respectively.Laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and bilioenteric anastomosis was performed in 12 patients,with radical resection and external bile drainage in 6 patients,extended hemihepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in 6 patients and concomitant portal vein resection in 2 patients.The mean operative time was 365.6± 121.9min and the median intraoperative blood loss was 300 (75,400) ml.Intraoperative red cell and plasma transfusion were 0-15 U and 400(0,625)ml,respectively.According to the Clavien-Dindo complication classification system,5 of 32 (15.6％) patients developed type Ⅱ morbidity.The postoperative pathological findings revealed bile duct adenocarcinoma in 30 patients and mucinous adenocarcinoma in 2 patients.The median size of cancer was 3.0 (1.0,3.5) cm.According to the 8th AJCC staging system,stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were found in 6,13,11,and 2 patients,respectively.A negative resection margin was achieved in 24 of 32 patients (75％).Up to August 6,30 of 32 patients (93.8％) were followed up and the overall 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates for the patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma were 80.0％,53.0％,and 53.3％.The median survival time was 21.8 months.Conclusion Total laparoscopic surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma was safe and feasible if performed by an experienced surgeon after accurate preoperative evaluation.

Objective To study the feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy ( LPD) in the treatment of pancreatic head cancer, and to analyze the short-term postoperative outcomes. Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduode-nectomy from April 2015 to November 2017 in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retro-spectively analyzed. Results Of the 57 patients, conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients, and major venous resection and reconstruction were performed in 9 patients, including 8 end-to-end anastomosis, and 1 synthetic graft interposition. Total pancreatectomy was carried out in 4 patients. For the remaining 53 patients, pancreaticojejunal mucosal anastomoses were carried out in 50 patients, and sleeve pancreaticojeju-nostomy in 3 patients. The mean operative time and operative blood loss were 497 (240～720) min and 435 (50～3 000 ) ml, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 17. 7 ( 6. 0 ～59. 0 ) days. Postoperative complications were detected in 26. 3% (15/57) of patients, which included delayed gastric emptying (DGE) in 4 patients, Grade B pancreatic fistula (PF) in 4 patients, biliary fistula ( BF) in 2 patients, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage ( PPH) in 2 patients, intraabdominal infection in 1 patient and pulmonary infection in 2 patients. All the patients with DGE recovered with conservative treatment and they were discharged home. Reoperation was only required in the two patients with PPH. One patient died after the operation. The postoperative pathological results revealed pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma in 53 patients, adenosscale carcinoma in 1 patient and neuroendocrine carcinoma in 3 patients. The maximum and minimum tumor sizes were 7. 0 cm×5. 0 cm×3. 5 cm and 2. 5 cm×1. 5 ×1. 0 cm, respectively. The mean lymph nodes harvest and positive lymph node retrieval were 14(1～60) and 0. 7(0～3), respectively. Negative resection margins were obtained in 84. 2% (48/57) of patients. This study was censored on December 31, 2017. The follow-up for these patients ranged between 1 to 32 months. Mortality occurred in 21 patients, including 1 patient with a ruptured aneurysm 2 months after operation, 2 patients with GI bleeding 2 and 9 months respectively after operation, 1 patient with severe pulmonary infection and 17 patients with cancer recurrence with survival varying from 2 to 21 months. 35 patients were still alive. Conclusion Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is a safe and feasible procedure for pancreatic head cancer.

Objective To analyze the result of proficiency testing(PT)of detection activities for Laboratory animal pathogenic bacteria in 2011 and 2013-2017. To further improve the detection capacity of laboratory animal testing agency,and promote PT to be carried out in future. Methods During the six years(2011 and 2013 -2017), the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control conducted a total of six(seven projects)PT activities of laboratory animal pathogen bacteria. We analyzed the overall trend and the exposed problems by summarizing the result data of the PT in 6 years. Results A total of 45 laboratories in the country including 20 provinces and cities participated in the PT. The PT projects included Mycoplasma pulmonis, Clostridium piliformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The satisfaction rates were 75%,87.5%,80.0%, 78.6%,93.3,96.2% and 88.0%, respectively. The main reasons of unsatisfactory results were for lack of incubation time,select errors of suspicious bacteria, biochemical identification errors, report writing errors and not timely feedback results. Conclusions The level of domestic laboratory animal pathogenic bacteria detection is gradually increased to achieve the desired goal through continuous proficiency testing activities.