The connection between tendons and bones is called the tendon bone connection. With the continuous improvement of national sports awareness, excessive exercises and the related intensity are prone to damage the tendon bone connection. Tendon bone healing is a complex repair and healing process involving multiple factors, and good tendon bone healing is a prerequisite for its physiological function. The complexity of tendon bone structure also poses great challenges to the repair of tendon bone injuries. In recent years, researches have found that stem cells, growth factors, macrophages, and other factors are closely related to the healing process of tendon bone injuries, among which macrophages play an important role in the healing process. The authors reviewed relevant research literature in recent years and summarized the role of macrophages in tendon bone healing, in order to provide new ideas and directions for treatment strategies to promote tendon bone healing.
Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Wound Healing ; Animals ; Tendons/physiology* ; Bone and Bones/injuries* ; Tendon Injuries

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common joint disease in clinical practice,and cartilage damage is a typical pathological change.The pathogenesis of OA is complex,and various adverse factors can lead to the occurrence of OA.Mitochondria are im-portant organelles within cells and play important roles in cellular physiological and pathological activ-ities.Mitochondrial quality control is an important regulatory mechanism in the body to maintain nor-mal mitochondrial structure and function,mainly including mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial oxidative stress,and other forms.The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control in chondrocytes is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,and regulating the balance of mi-tochondrial quality control is a potential therapeu-tic point for osteoarthritis.The author reviewed rel-evant research literature in recent years to provide a review of the relationship between mitochondrial quality control and the occurrence and develop-ment of osteoarthritis,in order to provide new ideas and directions for the research and diagnosis and treatment strategies of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common joint disease in clinical practice,and cartilage damage is a typical pathological change.The pathogenesis of OA is complex,and various adverse factors can lead to the occurrence of OA.Mitochondria are im-portant organelles within cells and play important roles in cellular physiological and pathological activ-ities.Mitochondrial quality control is an important regulatory mechanism in the body to maintain nor-mal mitochondrial structure and function,mainly including mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial oxidative stress,and other forms.The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control in chondrocytes is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,and regulating the balance of mi-tochondrial quality control is a potential therapeu-tic point for osteoarthritis.The author reviewed rel-evant research literature in recent years to provide a review of the relationship between mitochondrial quality control and the occurrence and develop-ment of osteoarthritis,in order to provide new ideas and directions for the research and diagnosis and treatment strategies of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To establish a foundation for the psychological selection of air combat personnel by studying the cognitive ability measurement methods for air combat personnel.Methods:The tests were done for 390 subjects including 142 radar operators, 117 radar academy students, 45 air combat personnel, and 86 radar trainees. Based on job analysis, 5 cognitive test tasks were developed, including graphic discrimination, working memory test, target tracking, voice anti-jamming, and comprehensive management. The discrimination was evaluated by the distribution graphs and coefficients of variation of the test results. The criterion-related validity was examined by correlating the cognitive test scores with the participants' work performance or academic grades, which served as the criteria. Content validity was determined by a 9-level scoring (1-9) of task necessity that collected from 30 air combat personnel and by the assessments of necessity of tested abilities that came from 30 experts. The parallel forms reliability, test-retest reliability and split-half reliability were tested respectively according to the results of each test.Results:The original scores of each test showed approximate normal distribution. The selected indicators' coefficients of variation were 14.4%-111.0%, reliabilities were 0.764-0.827, and criterion-related validities were 0.186-0.445, all of which were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In 30 air combat personnel, 53.3%-83.3% scored 7-9 to the necessity of test items, and 93.3% of 30 experts gave the required or basically required evaluations to the test items. Conclusions:The series tests show good content validity, and discrimination, reliability and the criterion-related validity meet the requirements of psychometrics. Especially the tests of graphic discrimination, working memory and target tracking expressed higher degree of discrimination, and can be used as cognitive ability assessment tool for the selection of air combat personnel.

Objective:To provide data references for psychological selection of student pilots by verifying the predictive validity of the total score of psychological selection (TSPS) in primary training stage.Methods:A systematic evaluation study was conducted. A cluster sampling of student pilots graduated from an academy in recent years was performed. The total scores that represented the comprehensive level of the students in primary training stage and their scores of college entrance examination in recruitment stage were collected and converted (standard deviation standardization) into flight performance (FP) and standardized scores of college entrance examination (SSCEE). TSPS was extracted and its 3 sub-scores, such as basic cognitive ability scores (BCAS), flight special ability scores (FSAS) and interview performance scores (IPS), were processed to 9-point scale. According to standard deviation, SSCEE was divided into high score group (≥1.0 point), medium score group (-1.0-1.0 point) and low score group (≤-1.0 point). TSPS was divided into high score group (≥6.5 points), medium score group (4.5-6.5 points) and low score group (≤4.5 points) according to the classification method of enrollment stage. The FP differences were compared among different student pools, SSCEE and TSPS. The correlation between FP and SSCEE, TSPS, BCAS, FSAS and IPS was analyzed respectively. By taking BCAS, FSAS, IPS and SSCEE as the independent variables and FP as the dependent variable, the regression equation was constructed. According to the prediction results of correlation analysis and regression analysis, the optimal weights of BCAS, FSAS and IPS composed in TSPS model were calculated.Results:A total of 267 student pilots were selected, and TSPS, BCAS, FSAS and IPS all showed positive correlations with FP ( r=0.440, 0.160, 0.303, 0.380, all P<0.001). There was a significant difference in FP among different TSPS group ( H=55.37, P<0.001). There were significant differences in FP and TSPS among different student pool groups ( H=7.26 , F=7.43, P=0.039,<0.001). There was no significant difference in FP and TSPS among different SSCEE groups ( P>0.05). TSPS calculated based on correlation coefficient and regression coefficient was positively correlated with FP ( r=0.450, 0.452, both P<0.001). The prediction validity of each model was better than that of the existing model (0.440). Conclusions:In psychological selection, IPS and FSAS positively contribute to the predictions of the training efficiency of student pilots. Among which, IPS and FSAS take relative higher weights in TSPS model. It is suggested that the psychological selection should be managed upon scientific scheduling, as well as the dynamic optimization and effective evaluation mechanism.

Objective:To establish a foundation for the psychological selection of air combat personnel by studying the cognitive ability measurement methods for air combat personnel.Methods:The tests were done for 390 subjects including 142 radar operators, 117 radar academy students, 45 air combat personnel, and 86 radar trainees. Based on job analysis, 5 cognitive test tasks were developed, including graphic discrimination, working memory test, target tracking, voice anti-jamming, and comprehensive management. The discrimination was evaluated by the distribution graphs and coefficients of variation of the test results. The criterion-related validity was examined by correlating the cognitive test scores with the participants' work performance or academic grades, which served as the criteria. Content validity was determined by a 9-level scoring (1-9) of task necessity that collected from 30 air combat personnel and by the assessments of necessity of tested abilities that came from 30 experts. The parallel forms reliability, test-retest reliability and split-half reliability were tested respectively according to the results of each test.Results:The original scores of each test showed approximate normal distribution. The selected indicators' coefficients of variation were 14.4%-111.0%, reliabilities were 0.764-0.827, and criterion-related validities were 0.186-0.445, all of which were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In 30 air combat personnel, 53.3%-83.3% scored 7-9 to the necessity of test items, and 93.3% of 30 experts gave the required or basically required evaluations to the test items. Conclusions:The series tests show good content validity, and discrimination, reliability and the criterion-related validity meet the requirements of psychometrics. Especially the tests of graphic discrimination, working memory and target tracking expressed higher degree of discrimination, and can be used as cognitive ability assessment tool for the selection of air combat personnel.

Objective:To provide data references for psychological selection of student pilots by verifying the predictive validity of the total score of psychological selection (TSPS) in primary training stage.Methods:A systematic evaluation study was conducted. A cluster sampling of student pilots graduated from an academy in recent years was performed. The total scores that represented the comprehensive level of the students in primary training stage and their scores of college entrance examination in recruitment stage were collected and converted (standard deviation standardization) into flight performance (FP) and standardized scores of college entrance examination (SSCEE). TSPS was extracted and its 3 sub-scores, such as basic cognitive ability scores (BCAS), flight special ability scores (FSAS) and interview performance scores (IPS), were processed to 9-point scale. According to standard deviation, SSCEE was divided into high score group (≥1.0 point), medium score group (-1.0-1.0 point) and low score group (≤-1.0 point). TSPS was divided into high score group (≥6.5 points), medium score group (4.5-6.5 points) and low score group (≤4.5 points) according to the classification method of enrollment stage. The FP differences were compared among different student pools, SSCEE and TSPS. The correlation between FP and SSCEE, TSPS, BCAS, FSAS and IPS was analyzed respectively. By taking BCAS, FSAS, IPS and SSCEE as the independent variables and FP as the dependent variable, the regression equation was constructed. According to the prediction results of correlation analysis and regression analysis, the optimal weights of BCAS, FSAS and IPS composed in TSPS model were calculated.Results:A total of 267 student pilots were selected, and TSPS, BCAS, FSAS and IPS all showed positive correlations with FP ( r=0.440, 0.160, 0.303, 0.380, all P<0.001). There was a significant difference in FP among different TSPS group ( H=55.37, P<0.001). There were significant differences in FP and TSPS among different student pool groups ( H=7.26 , F=7.43, P=0.039,<0.001). There was no significant difference in FP and TSPS among different SSCEE groups ( P>0.05). TSPS calculated based on correlation coefficient and regression coefficient was positively correlated with FP ( r=0.450, 0.452, both P<0.001). The prediction validity of each model was better than that of the existing model (0.440). Conclusions:In psychological selection, IPS and FSAS positively contribute to the predictions of the training efficiency of student pilots. Among which, IPS and FSAS take relative higher weights in TSPS model. It is suggested that the psychological selection should be managed upon scientific scheduling, as well as the dynamic optimization and effective evaluation mechanism.

Objective:To provide references on evaluating autonomic nervous stability training effect of military flying personnel by studying the evaluation index of heart rate variability (HRV).Methods:The ECG signals of 98 military flying personnel before and after three-stage autonomic nervous stability training were collected, and the ratio of 0.1Hz power (R) of HRV was calculated. The R value before and after personal training was marked as R 1 and R 2 respectively, and the D value was used to represent the difference value between R 2 and R 1. The feasibility of using R 2 and D to evaluate the training effect was analyzed to formulate evaluation standards. In order to more intuitively display an individual′s autonomic nervous stability training level, the Z value was used to convert the original score of R 2 and D, and the evaluation criteria were formulated. Results:The R value after autonomic nervous stability training (R 2=0.473±0.248) was significantly higher than that before (R 1=0.197±0.092, P<0.01), and the individuals with lower R value before training have more obvious growth trend of R value after training. Conclusions:"0.1Hz index" is suitable to be the evaluation index of autonomic nervous stability training effect. The evaluation of autonomic nervous stability training effect of flying personnel should comprehensively consider the grade evaluation results of R 2 and D.

Objective:To provide references on evaluating autonomic nervous stability training effect of military flying personnel by studying the evaluation index of heart rate variability (HRV).Methods:The ECG signals of 98 military flying personnel before and after three-stage autonomic nervous stability training were collected, and the ratio of 0.1Hz power (R) of HRV was calculated. The R value before and after personal training was marked as R 1 and R 2 respectively, and the D value was used to represent the difference value between R 2 and R 1. The feasibility of using R 2 and D to evaluate the training effect was analyzed to formulate evaluation standards. In order to more intuitively display an individual′s autonomic nervous stability training level, the Z value was used to convert the original score of R 2 and D, and the evaluation criteria were formulated. Results:The R value after autonomic nervous stability training (R 2=0.473±0.248) was significantly higher than that before (R 1=0.197±0.092, P<0.01), and the individuals with lower R value before training have more obvious growth trend of R value after training. Conclusions:"0.1Hz index" is suitable to be the evaluation index of autonomic nervous stability training effect. The evaluation of autonomic nervous stability training effect of flying personnel should comprehensively consider the grade evaluation results of R 2 and D.

Objective:To provide references for improving the psychological support to fighter pilots by the investigation on their emotional states and typical negative emotions in different task stages and common causes during major tasks.Methods:The Chinese version of Brunel Mood Scale was used to evaluate the emotional states of 141 high performance fighter pilots in the stages of assignment, pre-task, in-task and post-task. The scores of the scale and the positive rate of the evaluation were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Combined with the on-the-spot interview of pilots′ actual experience, the causes of negative emotions were discussed.Results:The negative emotions with the score greater than 1 were "exhausted" "worried" "uncertain" "extreme fatigue" "anxious" "tired" "nervous". The positive rate of pilots′ self-evaluation of 7 emotions was more than 80%. There were 2-5 typical negative emotions in each stage of the task, which were mainly caused by 3 factors: task adaptation, interpersonal communication and family. The scores of 3 positive emotions were more than 2.8, and the positive rate of pilots′ self-assessment was 100%. Positive emotions were higher in the first 2 stages, decreased significantly in the task stage and increased slightly after the task.Conclusions:The apparent negative emotions exist among the high performance fighter pilots in major tasks. The corresponding regulations and protections should be applied in time in the form of psychological intervention, especially on the maintenance of task adaptation, interpersonal communication and family harmony.