OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Huoxue Shufeng Granules (HXSFG) for alleviating central sensitization in a mouse model of chronic migraine (CM). METHODS: We analyzed the main chemical components of HXSFG through literature review and explored their pharmacological mechanisms by bioinformatics analyses. In a male C57BL/6J mouse model of CM established by intraperitoneal injections of nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg) every other day (5 injections), the effects of gavage with low, and high doses of HXSFG or intraperitoneal injections of topiramate for ameliorating central sensitization were evaluated using Von Frey test and a hot plate apparatus; the changes in expressions of inflammatory factors, the proteins in the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway, and activation of c-Fos and CGRP were detected using RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Network pharmacology analysis suggested that the main active components in HXSFG for alleviating CM included formononetin, paeoniflorin, quercetin, and tanshinone. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 492 GO entries, comprising 366 biological processes, 46 cellular components, and 80 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the Toll-like receptor and NF‑κB signaling pathways were crucial in mediating the therapeutic effects of HXSFG on CM. In the mouse models of CM, both topiramate and HXSFG treatments alleviated the symptoms of central sensitization, evidenced by improved mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in the mice. HXSFG significantly reduced the expression of c-Fos and CGRP, improved inflammatory markers, and downregulated the expressions of TLR4, p-NF‑κB, IL-1β, and TNF‑α proteins in the mouse models. CONCLUSIONS HXSFG effectively alleviates central sensitization in CM mice by modulating the inflammatory pathways and inhibiting the TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for CM.
Animals ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Mice ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Migraine Disorders/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation

Objective To explore an accurate method to obtain an intraoral model of patients with specific limited mouth opening(microstomia)due to systemic scleroderma.Methods This study followed medical ethics,and informed consent has been obtained from patients.A case of Ken's Type Ⅰ mandibular dentition defect scleroderma with limited mouth opening was addressed with digital technology as the leading method combined with the traditional impression method of segmental impression.Individual trays were made based on the patient's left and right mandibular dentition,and segmented molds were obtained.Simultaneously,intraoral scanning was performed to obtain the morphological data of both the soft and hard tissues of the upper and lower mandibles.After each part of the model was obtained,the man-dibular model was scanned and digitally aligned to form the final denture model,and the final removable partial denture was designed and made by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM)technology.At the same time,combined with the literature,the diagnosis and treatment of removable partial denture in patients with limited mouth opening were retrospectively analyzed.Results The denture was well retained and achieved a good repair ef-fect.The patients expressed satisfaction with the mastication efficiency and other functions of the denture.The findings of the literature review show that the integration of digital technology with the traditional impression method,along with computer fitting,can accurately obtain the patient's oral model and facilitate successful follow-up repairs.However,when the anterior mandibular dentition of the patient is absent,the margin of error is increased in this procedure,which deserves further exploration.Conclusion Utilizing digital technology as the leading method,combined with the tradi-tional impression method of segmental impression,for the repair of dental defects in patients with limited mouth open-ing,has proven to be effective.Thus,patients report a positive medical experience with high satisfaction,indicating that this approach is worthy of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND:Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides.Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat.This article aims to review the mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies for chlorfenapyr poisoning. DATA RESOURCES:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink from their beginnings to the end of October 2023.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,retrospective studies,and case reports on chlorfenapyr poisoning that focused on its mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies.The references in the included studies were also examined to identify additional sources. RESULTS:We included 57 studies in this review.Chlorfenapyr can be degraded into tralopyril,which is more toxic and reduces energy production by inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate.High fever and altered mental status are characteristic clinical presentations of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Once it occurs,respiratory failure occurs immediately,ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death.Chlorfenapyr poisoning is difficult to treat,and there is no specific antidote. CONCLUSION:Chlorfenapyr is a new pyrrole pesticide.Although it has been identified as a moderately toxic pesticide by the World Health Organization(WHO),the mortality rate of poisoned patients is extremely high.There is no specific antidote for chlorfenapyr poisoning.Therefore,based on the literature review,future efforts to explore rapid and effective detoxification methods,reconstitute intracellular oxidative phosphorylation couplings,identify early biomarkers of chlorfenapyr poisoning,and block the conversion of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril may be helpful for emergency physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective To explore an accurate method to obtain an intraoral model of patients with specific limited mouth opening(microstomia)due to systemic scleroderma.Methods This study followed medical ethics,and informed consent has been obtained from patients.A case of Ken's Type Ⅰ mandibular dentition defect scleroderma with limited mouth opening was addressed with digital technology as the leading method combined with the traditional impression method of segmental impression.Individual trays were made based on the patient's left and right mandibular dentition,and segmented molds were obtained.Simultaneously,intraoral scanning was performed to obtain the morphological data of both the soft and hard tissues of the upper and lower mandibles.After each part of the model was obtained,the man-dibular model was scanned and digitally aligned to form the final denture model,and the final removable partial denture was designed and made by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM)technology.At the same time,combined with the literature,the diagnosis and treatment of removable partial denture in patients with limited mouth opening were retrospectively analyzed.Results The denture was well retained and achieved a good repair ef-fect.The patients expressed satisfaction with the mastication efficiency and other functions of the denture.The findings of the literature review show that the integration of digital technology with the traditional impression method,along with computer fitting,can accurately obtain the patient's oral model and facilitate successful follow-up repairs.However,when the anterior mandibular dentition of the patient is absent,the margin of error is increased in this procedure,which deserves further exploration.Conclusion Utilizing digital technology as the leading method,combined with the tradi-tional impression method of segmental impression,for the repair of dental defects in patients with limited mouth open-ing,has proven to be effective.Thus,patients report a positive medical experience with high satisfaction,indicating that this approach is worthy of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND:Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides.Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat.This article aims to review the mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies for chlorfenapyr poisoning. DATA RESOURCES:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink from their beginnings to the end of October 2023.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,retrospective studies,and case reports on chlorfenapyr poisoning that focused on its mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies.The references in the included studies were also examined to identify additional sources. RESULTS:We included 57 studies in this review.Chlorfenapyr can be degraded into tralopyril,which is more toxic and reduces energy production by inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate.High fever and altered mental status are characteristic clinical presentations of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Once it occurs,respiratory failure occurs immediately,ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death.Chlorfenapyr poisoning is difficult to treat,and there is no specific antidote. CONCLUSION:Chlorfenapyr is a new pyrrole pesticide.Although it has been identified as a moderately toxic pesticide by the World Health Organization(WHO),the mortality rate of poisoned patients is extremely high.There is no specific antidote for chlorfenapyr poisoning.Therefore,based on the literature review,future efforts to explore rapid and effective detoxification methods,reconstitute intracellular oxidative phosphorylation couplings,identify early biomarkers of chlorfenapyr poisoning,and block the conversion of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril may be helpful for emergency physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of the socket-shield technique(SST)concurrent with immediate im-plant placement and provisionalization(IIPP)in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth.Methods A case of maxil-lary anterior tooth stumps with a thin labial bone wall was treated with SST for preservation of labial soft and hard tissue fullness,combined with an immediate implant placement and immediate provisional crown for restoring the shape of the tooth and gingival molding.Results Immediate implant placement and provisionalization restored the morphology and function of the affected tooth in the shortest possible time.The patient's labial soft and hard tissue contours in the affected tooth area were well preserved in the 18-month follow-up after the application of the SST,which presented a better aesthetic result.The literature review indicates that the indications for SST are unrestorable maxillary anterior teeth,whose dental,periodontal and periapical tissues are healthy and intact.In the esthetic zone,root shielding is effec-tive in maintaining the soft and hard tissue contour on the labial side of the implant.However,there is no consensus on the technical details of SST,such as the ideal coronal height and thickness of the shield,and the management of the gap between the shield and the implant.Thus,more clinical studies and histologic evidence are needed to provide a refer-ence for clinical decision-making.In addition,digital technology can improve the accuracy of implant placement and shield preparation.Conclusion The correct application of SST combined with IIPP in the esthetic zone can ensure es-thetic results.However,more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is needed for its long-term efficacy,and in-dications should be strictly controlled during clinical application.

Objective To explore an accurate method to obtain an intraoral model of patients with specific limited mouth opening(microstomia)due to systemic scleroderma.Methods This study followed medical ethics,and informed consent has been obtained from patients.A case of Ken's Type Ⅰ mandibular dentition defect scleroderma with limited mouth opening was addressed with digital technology as the leading method combined with the traditional impression method of segmental impression.Individual trays were made based on the patient's left and right mandibular dentition,and segmented molds were obtained.Simultaneously,intraoral scanning was performed to obtain the morphological data of both the soft and hard tissues of the upper and lower mandibles.After each part of the model was obtained,the man-dibular model was scanned and digitally aligned to form the final denture model,and the final removable partial denture was designed and made by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM)technology.At the same time,combined with the literature,the diagnosis and treatment of removable partial denture in patients with limited mouth opening were retrospectively analyzed.Results The denture was well retained and achieved a good repair ef-fect.The patients expressed satisfaction with the mastication efficiency and other functions of the denture.The findings of the literature review show that the integration of digital technology with the traditional impression method,along with computer fitting,can accurately obtain the patient's oral model and facilitate successful follow-up repairs.However,when the anterior mandibular dentition of the patient is absent,the margin of error is increased in this procedure,which deserves further exploration.Conclusion Utilizing digital technology as the leading method,combined with the tradi-tional impression method of segmental impression,for the repair of dental defects in patients with limited mouth open-ing,has proven to be effective.Thus,patients report a positive medical experience with high satisfaction,indicating that this approach is worthy of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND:Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides.Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat.This article aims to review the mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies for chlorfenapyr poisoning. DATA RESOURCES:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink from their beginnings to the end of October 2023.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,retrospective studies,and case reports on chlorfenapyr poisoning that focused on its mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies.The references in the included studies were also examined to identify additional sources. RESULTS:We included 57 studies in this review.Chlorfenapyr can be degraded into tralopyril,which is more toxic and reduces energy production by inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate.High fever and altered mental status are characteristic clinical presentations of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Once it occurs,respiratory failure occurs immediately,ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death.Chlorfenapyr poisoning is difficult to treat,and there is no specific antidote. CONCLUSION:Chlorfenapyr is a new pyrrole pesticide.Although it has been identified as a moderately toxic pesticide by the World Health Organization(WHO),the mortality rate of poisoned patients is extremely high.There is no specific antidote for chlorfenapyr poisoning.Therefore,based on the literature review,future efforts to explore rapid and effective detoxification methods,reconstitute intracellular oxidative phosphorylation couplings,identify early biomarkers of chlorfenapyr poisoning,and block the conversion of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril may be helpful for emergency physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective To explore an accurate method to obtain an intraoral model of patients with specific limited mouth opening(microstomia)due to systemic scleroderma.Methods This study followed medical ethics,and informed consent has been obtained from patients.A case of Ken's Type Ⅰ mandibular dentition defect scleroderma with limited mouth opening was addressed with digital technology as the leading method combined with the traditional impression method of segmental impression.Individual trays were made based on the patient's left and right mandibular dentition,and segmented molds were obtained.Simultaneously,intraoral scanning was performed to obtain the morphological data of both the soft and hard tissues of the upper and lower mandibles.After each part of the model was obtained,the man-dibular model was scanned and digitally aligned to form the final denture model,and the final removable partial denture was designed and made by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM)technology.At the same time,combined with the literature,the diagnosis and treatment of removable partial denture in patients with limited mouth opening were retrospectively analyzed.Results The denture was well retained and achieved a good repair ef-fect.The patients expressed satisfaction with the mastication efficiency and other functions of the denture.The findings of the literature review show that the integration of digital technology with the traditional impression method,along with computer fitting,can accurately obtain the patient's oral model and facilitate successful follow-up repairs.However,when the anterior mandibular dentition of the patient is absent,the margin of error is increased in this procedure,which deserves further exploration.Conclusion Utilizing digital technology as the leading method,combined with the tradi-tional impression method of segmental impression,for the repair of dental defects in patients with limited mouth open-ing,has proven to be effective.Thus,patients report a positive medical experience with high satisfaction,indicating that this approach is worthy of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND:Chlorfenapyr is used to kill insects that are resistant to organophosphorus insecticides.Chlorfenapyr poisoning has a high mortality rate and is difficult to treat.This article aims to review the mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies for chlorfenapyr poisoning. DATA RESOURCES:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink from their beginnings to the end of October 2023.The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,retrospective studies,and case reports on chlorfenapyr poisoning that focused on its mechanisms,clinical presentations,and treatment strategies.The references in the included studies were also examined to identify additional sources. RESULTS:We included 57 studies in this review.Chlorfenapyr can be degraded into tralopyril,which is more toxic and reduces energy production by inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate.High fever and altered mental status are characteristic clinical presentations of chlorfenapyr poisoning.Once it occurs,respiratory failure occurs immediately,ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death.Chlorfenapyr poisoning is difficult to treat,and there is no specific antidote. CONCLUSION:Chlorfenapyr is a new pyrrole pesticide.Although it has been identified as a moderately toxic pesticide by the World Health Organization(WHO),the mortality rate of poisoned patients is extremely high.There is no specific antidote for chlorfenapyr poisoning.Therefore,based on the literature review,future efforts to explore rapid and effective detoxification methods,reconstitute intracellular oxidative phosphorylation couplings,identify early biomarkers of chlorfenapyr poisoning,and block the conversion of chlorfenapyr to tralopyril may be helpful for emergency physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.