Objective To investigate the acupoint selection patterns for treating diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy(DCAN)using data mining techniques,providing evidence for clinical practice.Methods Literature on acupuncture treatment for DCAN was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and PubMed.The publication dates of the included literature ranged from the inception of each database to April 2024.Descriptive analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis were performed on acupoint prescriptions,with the selection patterns of meridians and acupoints were summarized.Results A total of 27 articles were included,involving 18 acupoints.The top 10 high-frequency acupoints were Neiguan(PC6),Xinshu(BL15),Pishu(BL20),Zusanli(ST36),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Shenmen(HT7),Taixi(KI3),Lingtai(GV10),Shendao(GV11),and Shenshu(BL23).The primary meridians selected were the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang and the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin.Specific acupoint categories predominantly included back-shu points and five transport points.Association rule and cluster analyses identified core acupoint combinations centered on Xinshu,Neiguan,Pishu,and Zusanli.Conclusion The core acupoint combination for treating DCAN with acupuncture comprises Xinshu,Neiguan,Pishu,and Zusanli.

Objective To explore the medication rules of Professor Li Huilin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)complicated with hypothyroidism using data mining techniques based on the R language.Methods Prescription data of the patients with HT complicated with hypothyroidism treated by Professor Li Huilin in outpatient clinics from March 2023 to March 2024 were collected.A database was established using Microsoft Excel 2021,and R language was employed to analyze the frequency,efficacy,properties and flavors,and meridian tropism of the medicinals from Chinese herbal prescriptions.Additionally,correlation analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis were performed on the medicines from Chinese herbal prescriptions.Results A total of 57 Chinese herbal prescriptions involving 125 medicinals with 782 medication frequencies were included.The top 10 frequently-used medicinals were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle(Zhigancao),Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui),Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu),Astragali Radix(Huangqi),Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu),Cinnamomi Ramulus(Guizhi),Leonuri Herba(Yimucao),Paeoniae Radix Alba(Baishao),Poria(Fuling),and Fici Simplicissimae Radix(Wuzhimaotao).Most of the medicinals had therapeutic action of tonifying deficiency.The analysis of properties and flavors showed that the majority of medicinals were mild or warm in nature,and sweet in flavor.The top three meridians having the tropism of medicinals were the liver,lung,and spleen meridians.Correlation analysis identified five strongly-correlated herbal combinations.Association rule mining revealed a core herbal combination consisting of seven medicinals of Zhigancao,Huangqi,Danggui,Chaihu,Codonopsis Radix(Dangshen),Baizhu,and Cyperi Rhizoma(Xiangfu).Cluster analysis of medicinals with a frequency of≥5 yielded five groups of herbal combination.Conclusion For the treatment of HT complicated with hypothyroidism,Professor Li Huilin follows the principle of addressing the root cause of the disease,and focuses on strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi.Moreover,attention is given to soothing the liver and regulating qi,harmonizing qi and blood simultaneously,and treating symptoms and root cause simultaneously.

Objective:To investigate whether the image quality of total-body PET/CT (TB PET/CT) with 1 min acquisition can meet the clinical diagnostic requirements.Methods:From May 2019 to September 2021, a total of 90 malignant tumor patients (60 males, 30 females, age 31-86 years) with primary lesions confirmed by pathological diagnosis in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were respectively analyzed. All patients underwent conventional PET/CT (C PET/CT) scan with conventional clinical acquisition and TB PET/CT scan with 1 min acquisition after injecting 18F-FDG in random order. Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the image quality of these two scans. Results:SUV max of primary lesions in TB PET/CT group was significantly higher than that in C PET/CT group (15.9(7.9, 24.6) vs 12.5(5.8, 16.6); z=8.14, P<0.001), so were signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the blood pool, liver, muscles (9.3±3.0, 11.4(9.5, 14.2), 8.3(7.3, 10.1) vs 6.2±1.7, 9.4(7.7, 11.8), 6.0(4.9, 7.1)), tumor-to-blood pool ratio (TBR) (9.3(4.3, 14.8) vs 8.5(4.3, 11.1)), tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) (6.7(3.0, 10.4) vs 6.1(2.9, 7.7)), tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMR) (23.2(11.5, 38.0) vs 18.3(9.6, 26.6); t=9.36, z values: 4.44-7.40, all P<0.001). Conclusion:The image quality of TB PET/CT scan with 1 min acquisition can meet the diagnostic requirements, and is better than the C PET/CT image quality with conventional clinical acquisition.

Objective: To investigate relationship between online partner seeking sexual behavior and sensation seeking risk behaviors among college students, and to provide suggestions on college sex education. Methods: Using convenience sampling, a self administered questionnair survey was administered among 1 923 students in one college in Chongqing between September and October in 2021, regarding online partner seeking sexual behavior,sensation seeking and risk behaviors. Results: About 26.7% of participants reported having sexual behavior, and 12.3% students having online partner seeking sexual behavior. There were no significant sex differences in online partner seeking sexual behavior ( χ 2=1.25, P >0.05); partner seeking sexual behavior varied by grade, gambling,alcohol drinking and internet addiction tendency( χ 2=9.40, 3.29, 19.63 and 3.66, P <0.05), which was higer among college students in grade one(9.1%), no gambling habit(12.0%), drinking habit(8.4%), and having no inclination to Internet addiction (11.8%) compared with those of grade 2 and 3(14.4%, 13.1%), gambling habit(19.7%), no drinking habit( 15.1 %) and having inclination to Internet addiction (16.6%). The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that alcohol drinking ( OR =0.45，95% CI =0.33-0.62) was negatively associated with online partner seeking sexual behavior, sensation seeking ( OR =1.08，95% CI =1.03-1.13) and gambling ( OR =2.15，95% CI =1.19-3.88) were positively associated with online partner seeking sexual behavior of college students( P <0.05). Conclusion Colleges should pay attention to the occurrence of online partner seeking sexual behavior, provide guidance for recognition of adverse consequences of sensation seeking behavior, and to avoid the clustering of online partner seeking sexual behavior with gambling behaviors.

Objective:To investigate the effects of three monomer components stilbene glycoside, emodin, catechin of Polygonum multiflorum on damages of liver tissue and cell.Methods:A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups of stilbene glycoside, emodin, catechin-and normal saline(control)-treated groups(n=12, each). Rats were gavaged with the same dose of 1 g/kg for stilbene glycoside, emodin, catechin groups and normal saline for control group for 28 days.During the administration, the general state of rat was observed.After the last administration, serum biochemical indexes related to liver function were detected.Pathological morphological changes of liver tissue were observed by hatmatoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins in liver tissue were determined by Western blot.Cells of human normal liver cell line LO2 divided into the stilbene glycoside-, emodin-, catechin-treated cells groups were cultured with 7 different concentrations of interfering agents for 24 h and 48 h respectively, and cultured with normal saline in the control group for the same time.Cell proliferation was observed using the cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK8), and the mRNA expressions of apoptosis-related factors were detected using PCR.Results:After 28 days of feeding, there was no significant difference in body weight and food intake among the four groups( P>0.05). Pathological liver damage and abnormal liver biochemical indexes were observed in rat liver tissues in the emodin and catechin groups( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 were decreased(0.34±0.03, 0.41±0.07 vs.0.45±0.04, P<0.05), the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax were increased(0.76±0.03, 0.27±0.06 vs.0.03±0.00; 0.44±0.03, 0.15±0.04 vs.0.02±0.00, P<0.01), and those in the stilbene glycoside group were normal.Compared with the control group, emodin and catechin-treated cell groups showed the concentration-and time-dependent proliferation inhibition in LO2 normal hepatocytes( P<0.05)after treatment.And the mRNA expression of hepatocyte apoptosis factors Bax and Caspase-3 were increased(1.74±0.05, 1.29±0.01 vs.0.89±0.12, 1.21±0.07, 1.25±0.01 vs.0.97±0.07, P<0.01), and that of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 was decreased(0.06±0.06, 0.56±0.11 vs.1.39±0.18, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the survival rate had no significant difference in the stilbene glycoside treated-cell group( P>0.05), while its mRNA expression of hepatocyte apoptosis factors was reduced( P<0.05). Conclusions:No obvious liver damage is found in rats treated with the stilbene glycoside of Polygonum multiflorum, but the emodin and catechin cause damages of liver tissue and cell in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To investigate the iodine intake level and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Harbin City,and to study the correlation between the concentration of urinary iodine and the prevalence of thyroid nodules.Methods In Harbin,18 communities were randomly selected and specimens were collected from fasting morning urine from 2015 to 2017.The urine iodine concentration (UIC) was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,and the thyroid nodule was examined by B ultrasound.Results A total of 2 552 residents aged (45.79 ± 12.06) years old agreed to participate in the study,including 371 males and 2 181 females.The median UIC in all participants was 159.8 μg/L,there was a significant difference in urine iodine frequency distribution among age groups (x2 =40.097,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the median UIC in male was 166.6 μg/L,and in female was 156.2 μg/L.There was a significant difference in UICs between male and female (U =2.122,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of total thyroid nodules in all participants was 48.75％ (1 244/2 552),and the standardized rate was 40.55％.Significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules was observed among age groups (x2 =114.922,P ＜ 0.01),and there was a positive and significant correlation between the detection rate of thyroid nodules and increasing age (xtrand =111.746,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,in male,41.24％ (153/371) had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 41.13％,and in female,50.02％ (1 091/2 181) had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 49.20％.Likewise,there was a significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules between male and female(x2 =9.790,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of thyroid nodules in the iodine deficient population (urinary iodine was 0-＜ 100 μg/L) was 55.58％ (244/439),and the incidence of thyroid nodules in the iodine adequate or optimal population (urinary iodine was 100-＜ 200 μg/L) was 46.68％ (591/1 266).Conclusions The total iodine level of the population in Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province is at adequate level.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is high and it is increased with age.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is higher in female than male.Regular detection of urine iodine and adjusting iodine nutrition will help prevent thyroid nodules.

Objective To observe the impact of heparanase on glomerular endothelium glycocalyx during sepsis and to investigate the prevention of glycocalyx injury.Methods C57/BL6 mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-o) and sacrificed one hour later.Glomerular endothelium glycocalyx traced with lanthanum was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Western blotting was used to observe heparanse protein expression of renal cortex tissue.Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were stimulated with TNF-α and active heparanase protien expression was detected by Western blotting.Mice were administrated with heparin sodium or heparinase Ⅲ and renal endothelium glycocalyx was observed by TEM.Urine during twenty-four hours was collected to measure urinary albumin and creatinine.The ratio of albumin to creatinine was calculated and compared among groups.Results The glomerular endothelium glycocalyx of LPS group and TNF-α group was degradated and the one of podocyte was integrated.Renal cortex tissue heparanase protein expression was significantly increased since one hour after LPS injection (P ＜ 0.01).The protein expression of activited heparanase of HRGECs which were stimulated with TNF-α was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Administration of heparin sodium which could inhibit the activity of heparanase could prevent the glycocalyx form degradation.The ratio of urine albumin to creatinine of heparin sodium group was decreased compared with LPS group (P ＜ 0.05) and the ratio of heparinase Ⅲ group was higher than control group(P ＜ 0.01) as a result of degradation of glomerular endothelium glycocalyx.Conclusions During the early stage of sepsis,TNF-α can induce glomerular endothelium heparanase to increase and active,and consequently the glycocalyx is degradated which leads to albuminuria.Inhibition of heparanase can protect glomerular endothelium glycocalyx and prevent albuminuria.

Objectives To study the expression features of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)/natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B) axis and two parallel elimination pathways, natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Methods CNP, NPR-B, NPR-C, NEP, Col-IV and type IV collagen (Col-IV) mRNA and proteins were determined by in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in UUO rats at 24h, 72h, 1w, 2w, 3w, 1m, 2m and 3m. Results CNP expression tended to be higher immediately after ligation and de-clined along with the progression of disease, occurring predominantly in tubular epithelial cells. A high-level CNP may attribute to the elevated expression of NPR-B in the early phase of UUO. Conclusions NEP and NPR participate in the regulation of CNP expression in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The gradual increased expression of NPR-C and NEP may cause the subsequent de-cline of CNP.