Based on the holistic view of "spleen-vessels-heart-spirit" system， this article explores the pathogenesis and progression of atrial fibrillation. It is proposed that the onset of atrial fibrillation is due to failure of the spleen to transport and disharmony of blood vessels； phlegm and blood stasis obstructing the collaterals and damage to the heart structure are the basis of its pathogenesis； the unclear mind and disorder of body and spirit are the causes of its progression. Based on the characteristics of pathological changes in different stages of the disease， it is proposed that early treatment should focus on restoring the middle jiao， clearing and promoting blood vessels， using modified Yigong Powder （异功散）； during the progression of the disease， treatment should remove blood stasis and phlegm， nourish heart and protect the pulse， using self-prescribed modified Mengshi Tongmai Decoction （礞石通脉汤）； meanwhile， calming mind and stabilizing palpitations， and regulating spirit should be sequentially incorporated， with self-prescribed Jiazao Ningmai Decoction （甲枣宁脉汤） or Shenying Dingji Decoction （参英定悸汤） and modified as appropriate. Clinical treatment should focus on the whole disease course of atrial fibrillation， implementing stage-based treatments to enable early intervention and holistic regulation.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MethodsIn this study， hyperlipidemia patients treated in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to December 2023 were randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. Finally， 162 valid cases were included， encompassing 74 cases in the control group and 88 cases in the observation group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets， and the observation group with atorvastatin calcium tablets + Zhuyuwan extract granules. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy in terms of blood lipid level recovery， blood lipid levels， TCM syndrome distribution， efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. Liver and kidney functions were monitored for safety assessment. ResultsIn terms of blood lipid level recovery， the total response rate in the observation group was 86.36% （76/88） and that in the control group was 86.49% （64/74）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment， both groups showed declines in levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05） and elevations in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the levels of TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of TCM syndrome， hyperlipidemia was mostly caused by phlegm turbidity and obstruction. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 87.30% （55/63）， which was higher than that （63.46%， 33/52） in the control group （χ²=9.102， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of total TCM symptoms， primary symptoms， and secondary symptoms decreased in both groups （P<0.05）， and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in alleviating obesity， chest tightness， and low food intake （P<0.05）. In terms of safety， the level of aminotransferase was slightly elevated in the control group， and no obvious adverse reaction was observed in the observation group， with no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions. ConclusionZhuyuwan combined with atorvastatin can not only recover blood lipid levels and alleviate TCM symptoms but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MethodsIn this study， hyperlipidemia patients treated in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to December 2023 were randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. Finally， 162 valid cases were included， encompassing 74 cases in the control group and 88 cases in the observation group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets， and the observation group with atorvastatin calcium tablets + Zhuyuwan extract granules. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy in terms of blood lipid level recovery， blood lipid levels， TCM syndrome distribution， efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. Liver and kidney functions were monitored for safety assessment. ResultsIn terms of blood lipid level recovery， the total response rate in the observation group was 86.36% （76/88） and that in the control group was 86.49% （64/74）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment， both groups showed declines in levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05） and elevations in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the levels of TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of TCM syndrome， hyperlipidemia was mostly caused by phlegm turbidity and obstruction. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 87.30% （55/63）， which was higher than that （63.46%， 33/52） in the control group （χ²=9.102， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of total TCM symptoms， primary symptoms， and secondary symptoms decreased in both groups （P<0.05）， and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in alleviating obesity， chest tightness， and low food intake （P<0.05）. In terms of safety， the level of aminotransferase was slightly elevated in the control group， and no obvious adverse reaction was observed in the observation group， with no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions. ConclusionZhuyuwan combined with atorvastatin can not only recover blood lipid levels and alleviate TCM symptoms but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the forming process of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules， and evaluate the quality of the granules. METHODS Taking forming rate， angle of repose， moisture， moisture absorption rate and dissolution rate as indexes， single factor experiment combined with Plackett-Burman design was adopted to screen key process parameters； analytic hierarchy process combined with entropy weight method and Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the molding process of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules， and the forming process was verified. The relative homogeneity index， bulk density， vibration density， Hausner ratio， angle of repose， moisture and hygroscopicity were used as secondary physical indexes to establish the physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules to evaluate particle quality consistency. RESULTS The optimal molding process of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules was as follows： mannitol as the fixed excipient， the drug-assisted ratio was 1∶1（m/m） and the drying time was 1 h； 90% ethanol was used as wetting agent and the amount of it was 32%， the drying temperature was 70 ℃. The results of validation tests showed that the average comprehensive score was 97.45， which was close to the predicted value of 97.18. The similarities between the physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules prepared by the optimal molding process and the reference physical fingerprint were all higher than 0.99. CONCLUSIONS The molding process is stable and feasible， and the quality of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules produced is stable and controllable.

This case report introduces Professor ZOU Wei 's experience of treating a patient with Wernicke encephalopathy using the "regulating spirit and promoting yang acupuncture method". The patient was diagnosed as spleen and stomach deficiency with internal liver wind. The treatment principle focused on regulating spirit and awakening the brain, strengthening the spleen, calming wind, and relaxing the tendons. Three groups of acupoints were selected: ①acupoints for awakening the brain by regulating spirit and unblocking meridians (Baihui [GV20], Qianshencong [EX-HN1] and bilateral Taiyang [EX-HN5], Fengchi [GB20]), etc.; ②acupoints for harmonizing the spleen, stomach, qi, and blood (bilateral Tianshu [ST25], Daheng [SP15], Taixi [KI3], etc.); ③acupoints for relaxing and softening the tendons (bilateral Waiguan [TE5], Hegu [LI4], Yanglingquan [GB34], Xuanzhong [GB39]).The needles were retained for 50 min per session, once daily, 7 days a week. After 16-week treatment, the patient was able to walk a few steps slowly with assistance, and other symptoms returned to normal. A two-month follow-up showed the patient's condition remained stable, walking distance further increased, and overall health significantly improved.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Wernicke Encephalopathy/physiopathology*

Objective:To explore the changes in serum indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) levels in preterm infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods:A nested case-control study was conducted. The inclusion criteria covered premature infants with less than 32 weeks of gestational age within 24 h post-birth, from December 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, at Children's Hospital of Soochow University. Those diagnosed with BPD were allocated to the BPD group ( n=35). Non-BPD preterm infants matching the BPD cases in terms of gestational age (within one week difference) and birth weight (within a 150 g difference) were selected in a 1∶1 ratio for the control group ( n=35). Serum levels of IDO and KYNA were measured on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 postnatally. Differences in serum IDO and KYNA levels were analyzed between the BPD and control groups and among infants with mild BPD versus moderate-to-severe BPD. The association between serum IDO and KYNA levels with the severity of BPD was also assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent samples t-tests and Spearman's correlation analysis. Results:Elevated levels of serum IDO on days 7, 14, and 28 postnatally [(60.68±9.37) vs. (50.66±10.46), (57.81±11.07) vs. (44.45±8.20), and (50.62±10.77) vs. (41.31±7.74) pg/ml; t=4.21, 5.73, and 4.15, respectively] as well as increased serum KYNA levels on days 14 and 28 [(439.31±41.22) vs. (368.99±68.79), (376.97±45.74) vs. (325.50±60.07) μmol/L; t=5.18 and 4.03, respectively] were observed in the BPD group compared to the control group, with all differences being statistically significant (all P<0.05). Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between serum IDO levels and BPD severity on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days ( r=0.546, 0.495, and 0.502, all P<0.05), as well as between serum KYNA levels and BPD severity on the 14th and 28th days ( r=0.536 and 0.458, both P<0.05). Conclusion:Elevated serum levels of IDO and KYNA in infants with BPD suggest these metabolites may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of BPD.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can be attributed to the category of xinji （palpitations） and zhangchong （severe palpitations） in traditional Chinese medicine， and its onset has the characteristics of urgency， change， and movement， which is similar to the characteristics of diseases induced by wind pathogen. It is believed that the internal movement of wind pathogen runs through the whole course of this disease， and palpitations due to wind as the direct pathogenesis. Palpitations caused by wind pathogen showed different characteristics of deficiency and excess pattern. In the acute exacerbation period， excess wind is the main cause of disease. For excessive heat generating wind， the treatment is to clear the liver and extinguish wind by self-modified Lingxia Qinggan Decoction （羚夏清肝汤）； for blood stasis generating wind， the treatment is to remove blood stasis and stop wind by self-modified Yandan Limai Decoction （延丹理脉汤）； for phlegm-heat accumulation with wind， the treatment is to dissolve phlegm and eliminate wind by self-modified Lianlou Danxing Decoction （连蒌胆星汤）. In the prolonged recovery period， deficiency wind is more common. For stirring of wind due to yin deficiency， the treatment is to nourish yin and extinguish wind by self-modified Zaoshao Zhenzhu Deoction （枣芍珍珠汤）； for spleen deficiency generating wind， the treatment is to strengthen spleen and nourish wind by self-modified Shenying Dingji Deoction （参英定悸汤）. Clinical prescriptions closely follow the characteristics of wind， weigh the changes of deficiency and excess， tailor with the patterns， and regulate qi and blood of the zang-fu organs， in order to extinguish wind and arrest convulsion.

Based on the theory of "mutual interference of clear and turbid Qi" in Huangdi Neijing（《黄帝内经》）， this study explored the pathogenesis of spleen and stomach diseases and the therapeutic effects of Banxia Xiexintang on them. It suggested that "mutual interference of clear and turbid Qi" represents a pathological state of Yin and Yang disturbance and imbalance in Qi circulation due to the mixture of clear and turbid Qi， which can elucidate the pathogenesis of spleen and stomach diseases. According to this theory， the pathogenesis of spleen and stomach diseases was summarized as Qi disorder in spleen and stomach， disharmony between Ying Qi and Wei Qi， and conflict between cold and heat. Banxia Xiexintang， as a crucial prescription for treating spleen and stomach diseases， achieves its therapeutic effects by dispersing stagnation with pungent flavor， descending adverse Qi with bitterness， regulating Ying Qi and Wei Qi， and harmonizing cold and heat. By regulating Qi circulation， balancing internal and external factors， and addressing deficiency and excess， it can rectify the pathological state of "mutual interference of clear and turbid Qi" of spleen and stomach diseases. Modern research reveals that Banxia Xiexintang can modulate gastrointestinal motility， restore mucosal immune barrier function of the digestive system， and exhibit optimal therapeutic effects when combined with both cold-cool and warm-hot medicines， aligning with its therapeutic role under the theory of "mutual interference of clear and turbid Qi". By delving into the essence of the "mutual interference of clear and turbid Qi" theory and exploring the pathogenesis of spleen and stomach diseases and the therapeutic effects of Banxia Xiexintang based on this theory， this study further elucidated the inherent connection between spleen and stomach diseases and the "mutual interference of clear and turbid Qi" theory， offering insights and theoretical references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases.

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum Aβ1-42,P-Tau181,and Hcy levels with sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods A total of 80 PD patients were divided into a normal sleep group(＜7 points)and a sleep disorder group(≥7 points)based on the evaluations with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the correlations between the levels of serum A β1-42,P-Tau181,and Hcy levels and sleep disorders.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze the efficacy parameters of different indicators in pre-dicting sleep disorders in those patients.Results Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that serum Aβ1-42 and Hcy were protective and independent risk factors for sleep disorders in the PD patients,respectively(P＜0.05).The predictive AUCs of serum Aβ1-42 and Hcy levels for sleep disorders in the PD patients were 0.757(95%CI:0.652～0.861)and 0.796(95%CI:0.688～0.905),respectively.Conclusion The levels of serum Aβ1-42 and Hcy in PD patients are closely related to sleep disorders.Therefore,they can be used as predic-tive factors for clinical diagnosis of PD with sleep disorders.