Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

Intestinal aging is central to systemic aging, characterized by a progressive decline in intestinal structure and function. The core mechanisms involve dysregulation of epithelial cell renewal and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition to previous results in model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have shown that in mammalian models, aging causes increased intestinal permeability and intestinal-derived systemic inflammation, thereby affecting longevity. Therefore, anti-intestinal aging can be an important strategy for reducing frailty and promoting longevity. There are three key gaps remaining in the study of intestinal aging: (1) overemphasis on aging-related diseases rather than the primary aging mechanisms; (2) lack of specific drugs or treatments to prevent or treat intestinal aging; (3) limited aging-specific dysbiosis research. In this review, the basic structures and renewal mechanisms of intestinal epithelium, and mechanisms and potential therapies for intestinal aging are discussed to advance understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatments of age-related intestinal dysfunction.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that immune cells are involved in all processes of ischemic stroke,in which cuproptosis also plays a key role.OBJECTIVE:To screen diagnostic biomarkers related to the progression of ischemic stroke through bioinformatics,and analyze and validate cuproptosis-related genes closely related to the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.METHODS:The GSE16561 microarray was obtained from the GEO database,containing data from 39 cases of ischemic stroke(ischemic stroke group)and 24 controls(control group).Differentially expressed genes from the ischemic stroke microarray data were analyzed.Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed.By using LASSO and Random Forest methods,key genes affecting the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke were screened,and a diagnostic model was established and validated.Differential gene analysis was performed through immune cell infiltration and weighted gene co expression network.The differentially expressed immune-related genes were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain the hub genes related to cuproptosis immunity.In vitro cell experiments were conducted to divide rat hippocampal neurons into a normal group and an ischemic stroke group,and qPCR experiments were performed to verify the results.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)573 differentially expressed genes were obtained by differential analysis.Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in biological processes,such as positive regulation of immune response,and signaling pathways such as lipid and atherosclerosis.(2)Machine learning methods were used to screen diagnostic genes such as MFN2,PKM2,CREG1,and FOXO3A,which may have some diagnostic value for ischemic stroke.(3)Immune infiltration analysis revealed resting plasma cells,NK cells,macrophages,etc.,indicating that immune cells play a certain role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.(4)Weighted gene co-expression network analysis combined with immune infiltration analysis obtained 118 key module genes,which were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain 2 cuproptosis and immune characteristic genes.The correlation analysis between four diagnostic genes and Hub genes showed that the expression of FOXO3A and MFN2,PKM2 and BCL2L1,MTF1 and MFN2,ATP7B and BCL2L1 were correlated.(5)The qPCR results showed significant differences in the genes MTF1 and ATP7B between the ischemic stroke group and the blank group.To conclude,ATP7B and MTF1 can serve as characteristic genes for cuproptosis in ischemic stroke.It is possible to improve ischemic stroke by intervening in ATP7B and MTF1 to regulate cuproptosis.

Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that immune cells are involved in all processes of ischemic stroke,in which cuproptosis also plays a key role.OBJECTIVE:To screen diagnostic biomarkers related to the progression of ischemic stroke through bioinformatics,and analyze and validate cuproptosis-related genes closely related to the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.METHODS:The GSE16561 microarray was obtained from the GEO database,containing data from 39 cases of ischemic stroke(ischemic stroke group)and 24 controls(control group).Differentially expressed genes from the ischemic stroke microarray data were analyzed.Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed.By using LASSO and Random Forest methods,key genes affecting the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke were screened,and a diagnostic model was established and validated.Differential gene analysis was performed through immune cell infiltration and weighted gene co expression network.The differentially expressed immune-related genes were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain the hub genes related to cuproptosis immunity.In vitro cell experiments were conducted to divide rat hippocampal neurons into a normal group and an ischemic stroke group,and qPCR experiments were performed to verify the results.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)573 differentially expressed genes were obtained by differential analysis.Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in biological processes,such as positive regulation of immune response,and signaling pathways such as lipid and atherosclerosis.(2)Machine learning methods were used to screen diagnostic genes such as MFN2,PKM2,CREG1,and FOXO3A,which may have some diagnostic value for ischemic stroke.(3)Immune infiltration analysis revealed resting plasma cells,NK cells,macrophages,etc.,indicating that immune cells play a certain role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.(4)Weighted gene co-expression network analysis combined with immune infiltration analysis obtained 118 key module genes,which were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain 2 cuproptosis and immune characteristic genes.The correlation analysis between four diagnostic genes and Hub genes showed that the expression of FOXO3A and MFN2,PKM2 and BCL2L1,MTF1 and MFN2,ATP7B and BCL2L1 were correlated.(5)The qPCR results showed significant differences in the genes MTF1 and ATP7B between the ischemic stroke group and the blank group.To conclude,ATP7B and MTF1 can serve as characteristic genes for cuproptosis in ischemic stroke.It is possible to improve ischemic stroke by intervening in ATP7B and MTF1 to regulate cuproptosis.

AIM:To explore the effects of CD38 on lysosome reformation and cholesterol efflux in macro-phages.METHODS:Bone marrow-derived macrophages from low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor knockout(LDLr-/-)mice were cultured as cell model.Live cell imaging system was applied to evaluate the effect of nicotinic acid adenine di-nucleotide phosphate(NAADP)on lysosome number.ELISA was conducted to measure NAADP level in macrophages.After the cells were treated with nicotinic acid(NA),RT-qPCR was conducted to detect CD38 mRNA expression,and Western blot was conducted to observe CD38 protein expression and phosphorylated transcription factor EB(TFEB)level.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was applied to evaluate the influence of CD38/NAADP signaling on lysosome number and cholesterol egression.RESULTS:NAADP remarkably increased lysosome number(P<0.05),and this effect was significantly inhibited by NAADP antagonist NED-19,Ca2+ chelator BAPTA,and calcineurin inhibitor CsA(P<0.05).CD38 markedly enhanced NAADP synthesis in macrophages(P<0.05).NAADP synthetic substrate NA prominently ele-vated the expression of CD38 mRNA and protein(P<0.05).NA significantly decreased the phosphorylated TFEB level;this effect was also attenuated by NED-19,BAPTA and CsA(P<0.05).Disrupting CD38/NAADP signaling pathway markedly inhibited NA-induced enhancement of lysosome number,lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester efflux in macrophages(P<0.05).NA-induced enhancement of lysosome number,lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester efflux abolished in LDLr/CD38 DKO macrophages(P<0.05),whereas these effects induced by NA were recovered after CD38 gene rescue.CONCLUSION:CD38 triggers lysosome reformation via TFEB and consequently pro-motes the efflux of lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester.

Seven novel linear polyketides,talaketides A-G(1-7),were isolated from the rice media cultures of the mangrove sed-iment-derived fungus Talaromyces sp.SCSIO 41027.Among these,talaketides A-E(1-5)represented unprecedented unsaturated lin-ear polyketides with an epoxy ring structure.The structures,including absolute configurations of these compounds,were elucidated through detailed analyses of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HR-MS)data,as well as elec-tronic custom distributors(ECD)calculations.In the cytotoxicity screening against prostate cancer cell lines,talaketide E(5)demon-strated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines,with an IC50 value of 14.44 μmol·L-1.Moreover,com-pound 5 significantly inhibited the cloning formation of PC-3 cell lines and arrested the cell cycle in S-phase,ultimately inducing ap-optosis.These findings indicate that compound 5 may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of a potential treat-ment for prostate cancer.

Objective:To study the effects of cathepsin K(CTSK)on the healing process of tooth extraction socket and type H blood vessel angiogenesis in mice.Methods:Ctsk knockout(Ctsk-/-)mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and genotype sequen-cing,general observation,Micro-CT and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm successful knockout of Ctsk.Then 8 week-old WT and Ctsk-/-mice were used to establish the tooth extraction modle by extracting the left maxillary first molars,and the mice were sac-rificed at the day 7,10,14,21,28 and 35 respectively(n=3)after tooth extraction.Then samples were subjected to stereo microscope and Micro-CT examination.Immunofluorescence staining was used to study the effect of Ctsk knockout on type H blood vessel angiogene-sis.Results:Ctsk knockout did not affect the soft tissue healing of tooth extraction socket,but significantly promoted the bone healing process,and Ctsk deficency significantly enhanced type H blood vessel angiogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.Conclusion:Ctsk knockout can enhance type H vessel angiogenesis,and promote bone healing process of tooth extraction socket in mice.

Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P＞0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26± 32.98)μm,all P＜0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P＞0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were signifi-cantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P＜0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P＜0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P＜0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused by ethnicity,sex and age should be noted.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Sensitivity to Pun-ishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified(SPSRQ-RC)in patients with eating disor-ders.Methods:Totally 111 patients with eating disorders meeting diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 were assessed with SPSRQ-RC,Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11(BIS-11),Trait Anxiety Inventory(TAI)and Eating Disorder Exami-nation Questionnaire 6.0(EDE-Q 6.0).Results:Three factors were extracted from the items by exploratory factor analysis with cumulative variance being 55.65％.The interclass correlation coefficient(ICC)of SR and BIS-11 was 0.26,the ICC of SP and TAI was 0.25,and the correlation coefficient of the SPSRQ-RC and EDE-Q 6.0 was 0.35.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the SPSRQ-RC was 0.83,the test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.82.Conclusion:The Chinese version of SPSRQ-RC shows good psychometric properties in patients with eating disor-ders.