Work serves as a critical means of obtaining resources, facilitating personal growth, realizing self-worth, and engaging in social interactions. However, work-related diseases pose significant threats to workers’ health and productivity, and impose considerable economic burdens. This article categorized work-related diseases into six major types, including musculoskeletal disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, reproductive system diseases, and non-specific respiratory diseases, and summarized their risk factors, assessment methods, policy regulation, and prevention and control measures. Current research in this field predominantly relies on cross-sectional studies, which present limitations in causal inference and potential risks of bias. Future studies should expand sample sizes, optimize research designs, and establish multidimensional evaluation systems to comprehensively assess the health and economic impacts of work-related diseases. It is recommended to enhance the translation of research findings into practice, thereby providing a scientific basis for the occupational health protection system and promoting the well-being and sustainable development of the working population.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Xianglian Huazhuo prescription ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through regulating the Golgi protein 73 （GP73）/protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4） signaling pathway and modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. MethodA mouse model of CAG was induced by multiple factors， including ranitidine， N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG）， and irregular feeding. The CAG mice were randomized into five groups： model， Morodan （2.0 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose （7.6， 3.8， 1.9 g·kg^-1， respectively） Xianglian Huazhuo prescription， with 10 mice in each group. At the same time， 10 mice in normal group were set up. The mice in the Morodan group and the high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose groups of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage， and those in the normal group and the model group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline. All the mice were intervened once a day for 60 consecutive days. After the last administration， the overall morphological changes of the gastric tissue were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to evaluate the pathological morphology and the endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure in the gastric tissue. The serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ （PGⅠ）， pepsinogen Ⅱ （PGⅡ）， gastrin-17 （G-17）， and GP73 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The pepsinogen ratio （PGR， PGⅠ/PGⅡ） was calculated. The protein levels of GP73， PERK， phosphorylated （p）-PERK， glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， ATF4， CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-12 （Caspase-12）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） were assessed by Western blot. The expression of GRP78 was detected by immunofluorescence （IF） assay， and the location of Bcl-2 and Bax by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed pale gastric mucosa with flattened folds and reduced and loosely arranged gastric mucosal glands， declined serum levels of PGI， PGR， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.01）. downregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， CHOP， Caspase-12， and Bax in the gastric tissue， and upregulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Morodan group and each Xianglian Huazhuo prescription group exhibited red gastric mucosa with increased folds， alleviated pathological damage， swelling endoplasmic reticulum， elevated serum levels of PGI， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and upregulated protein levels of Caspase-12 and Bax and downregulated protein level of Bcl-2 in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Morodan group and the high-dose and medium-dose Xianglian Huazhuo prescription groups exhibited increased serum level of PGR （P<0.05， P<0.01） and upregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， and CHOP in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXianglian Huazhuo prescription can activate the GP73/PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway and induce ERS-mediated apoptosis to alleviate the pathological damage of the gastric mucosa， thereby demonstrating a protective effect against CAG in mice.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Xianglian Huazhuo prescription ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） through regulating the Golgi protein 73 （GP73）/protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）/activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4） signaling pathway and modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）. MethodA mouse model of CAG was induced by multiple factors， including ranitidine， N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG）， and irregular feeding. The CAG mice were randomized into five groups： model， Morodan （2.0 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose （7.6， 3.8， 1.9 g·kg^-1， respectively） Xianglian Huazhuo prescription， with 10 mice in each group. At the same time， 10 mice in normal group were set up. The mice in the Morodan group and the high-dose， medium-dose， and low-dose groups of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription were administrated with corresponding agents by gavage， and those in the normal group and the model group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline. All the mice were intervened once a day for 60 consecutive days. After the last administration， the overall morphological changes of the gastric tissue were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to evaluate the pathological morphology and the endoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure in the gastric tissue. The serum levels of pepsinogen Ⅰ （PGⅠ）， pepsinogen Ⅱ （PGⅡ）， gastrin-17 （G-17）， and GP73 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The pepsinogen ratio （PGR， PGⅠ/PGⅡ） was calculated. The protein levels of GP73， PERK， phosphorylated （p）-PERK， glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， ATF4， CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-12 （Caspase-12）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） were assessed by Western blot. The expression of GRP78 was detected by immunofluorescence （IF） assay， and the location of Bcl-2 and Bax by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed pale gastric mucosa with flattened folds and reduced and loosely arranged gastric mucosal glands， declined serum levels of PGI， PGR， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.01）. downregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， CHOP， Caspase-12， and Bax in the gastric tissue， and upregulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Morodan group and each Xianglian Huazhuo prescription group exhibited red gastric mucosa with increased folds， alleviated pathological damage， swelling endoplasmic reticulum， elevated serum levels of PGI， G-17， and GP73 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and upregulated protein levels of Caspase-12 and Bax and downregulated protein level of Bcl-2 in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Morodan group and the high-dose and medium-dose Xianglian Huazhuo prescription groups exhibited increased serum level of PGR （P<0.05， P<0.01） and upregulated protein levels of GP73， p-PERK， ATF4， GRP78， and CHOP in the gastric tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXianglian Huazhuo prescription can activate the GP73/PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway and induce ERS-mediated apoptosis to alleviate the pathological damage of the gastric mucosa， thereby demonstrating a protective effect against CAG in mice.

The recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) can be used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) preparation before ¹³¹I therapy, and follow-up. Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, rhTSH has been clinically used in European countries, the United States, and other countries for nearly 30 years. In April 2024, China’s first independently developed rhTSH agent was approved. Based on clinical experience and evidence from domestic and international studies, an expert consensus on the application of rhTSH has been developed following thorough consultations among experts. The consensus offers evidence-based recommendations to guide the appropriate use of rhTSH in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology of a Chinese pedigree with recurrent Joubert syndrome with negative results by whole-exome sequencing in the prior proband.Methods:A Chinese pedigree which opted elective abortion at the Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University in December 2024 was selected as the study subject. Whole-genome sequencing was carried out on fetal tissue after termination of pregnancy. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and interpreted, while non-coding variant was analyzed using in silico prediction tools. RNA sequencing and cDNA sequencing were conducted on fetal brain tissue. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No.2024YL045-02). Results:Both the fetus and the affected child were found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the CEP290 gene, namely c. 7341dup (p.Leu2448fs*8) (pathogenic, maternally inherited) and c. 1523-408G>A (likely pathogenic, paternally inherited). Both in silico analysis and fetal brain RNA sequencing confirmed aberrant RNA splicing caused by the intronic variant. Conclusion:This case has highlighted the value of combining whole-genome sequencing with RNA functional validation. Above results not only enriched the spectrum of CEP290 gene mutations but also underscored its diagnostic value in resolving complex prenatal cases, providing critical clues for the prenatal diagnosis and recurrence risk assessment in genetic counseling.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology of a Chinese pedigree with recurrent Joubert syndrome with negative results by whole-exome sequencing in the prior proband. METHODS: Chinese pedigree which opted elective abortion at the Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University in December 2024 was selected as the study subject. Whole-genome sequencing was carried out on fetal tissue after termination of pregnancy. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and interpreted, while non-coding variant was analyzed using in silico prediction tools. RNA sequencing and cDNA sequencing were conducted on fetal brain tissue. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No.2024YL045-02). RESULTS: Both the fetus and the affected child were found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the CEP290 gene, namely c.7341dup (p.Leu2448fs*8) (pathogenic, maternally inherited) and c.1523-408G>A (likely pathogenic, paternally inherited). Both in silico analysis and fetal brain RNA sequencing confirmed aberrant RNA splicing caused by the intronic variant. CONCLUSION This case has highlighted the value of combining whole-genome sequencing with RNA functional validation. Above results not only enriched the spectrum of CEP290 gene mutations but also underscored its diagnostic value in resolving complex prenatal cases, providing critical clues for the prenatal diagnosis and recurrence risk assessment in genetic counseling.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics* ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics* ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics* ; Cerebellum/abnormalities* ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics* ; Eye Abnormalities/genetics* ; Introns/genetics* ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnosis* ; Pedigree ; Retina/abnormalities* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Whole Genome Sequencing/methods* ; Child

[Objective] To evaluate the feasibility of a novel outpatient infusion model for blinatumomab in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, aiming to address challenges of poor treatment tolerance, high healthcare costs, and compromised quality of life, thereby providing clinical insights for broader adoption of this approach. [Methods] Two post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients undergoing blinatumomab maintenance therapy were selected to evaluate the efficacy of the outpatient infusion model. Patient selection criteria, nursing protocols, standardized workflows, and advancements in infusion practices were systematically analyzed combined with a review of global developments in this field. [Results] Both patients completed outpatient blinatumomab infusion without severe adverse events, demonstrating preliminary feasibility and safety of this model. The novel approach enhanced treatment convenience, reduced hospitalization costs, and improved quality of life. [Conclusion] Despite the limited sample size, this pilot study highlights the potential of outpatient blinatumomab administration as a viable alternative to traditional inpatient regimens.

The precise and rapid monitoring of multiple organ dysfunction is crucial in drug discovery. Traditional methods, such as pathological analysis, are often time-consuming and inefficient. Here, we developed a multiplexed near-infrared window two (NIR-II) fluorescent bioimaging method that allows for real-time, rapid, and quantitative assessment of multiple organ dysfunctions. Given that existing probes did not fully meet requirements, we synthesized a range of NIR-II hemicyanine dyes (HDs) with varying absorption and emission wavelengths. By modifying these dyes, we achieved high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of the liver, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. This method was further applied to investigate disorders induced by cisplatin, a drug known to cause gastric emptying issues along with liver and kidney injuries. By monitoring the metabolic rate of the dyes in these organs, we accurately quantified multi-organ dysfunction, which was also confirmed by gold-standard pathological analysis. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of five aristolochic acids (AAs) on multiple organ dysfunction. For the first time, we identified that AA-I and AA-II could cause gastric emptying disorders, which was further validated through transcriptomics analysis. Our study introduces a novel approach for the simultaneous monitoring of multi-organ dysfunction, which may significantly enhance the evaluation of drug side effects.

Objective:To discuss the role of changes of serum total bile acid(TBA)levels induced by long-term high-fat diet in the occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmia(SVA)in the apolipoprotein E knockout(ApoE-/-)mice,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Twenty ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into normal diet group and high-fat diet(HFD)group(n=10);after 20 weeks of feeding,surface electrocardiogram was used to detect cardiac electrophysiology of the mice in various groups;echocardiography was used to detect cardiac systolic function and structure in the mice in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum levels of blood lipids,total bile acid(TBA)and inflammatory factors in the mice in various groups;hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to detect cardiac inflammatory response in the mice in various groups;Masson staining was used to observe myocardial fibrosis degree in the mice in various groups.Results:Compared with normal diet group,4 cases of junctional premature beat(JPB)/junctional tachycardia(JT),1 case of premature atrial contraction(PAC)and 1 case of premature ventricular contraction(PVC)were found in HFD group,while only 1 case of JPB/JT and 1 case of PAC were found in normal diet group.Compared with normal diet group,the heart rate of the mice in HFD group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the QRS and QT intervals were significantly prolonged(P<0.05);the ejection fraction(EF)and fractional shortening(FS)were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the end-diastolic volume(EDV)was increased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in end-systolic volume(ESV)between groups(P>0.05);the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole(LVIDd)and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole(LVIDs)were significantly increased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in plasma total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-c)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL-c)levels and body weight between normal diet group and HFD group(P>0.05).Compared with normal diet group,the TBA level of the mice in HFD group was significantly increased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1(CXCL-1)levels between HFD group and normal diet group.Compared with normal diet group,the interleukin-1β(IL-1β)level in HFD group showed an increasing trend,but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05).The HE staining results showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration was similar between HFD group and normal diet group.The Masson staining results showed that compared with normal diet group,the fibrosis of the mice in HFD group showed an increasing trend,but there was no significant difference in myocardial fibrosis area between groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Long-term high-fat diet may increase serum TBA level in ApoE-/-mice,which may induce SVA.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of olverembatinib in treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progressed to acute lymphoblastic leukemia with D241E mutation.Methods:The diagnosis and treatment of a patient with D241E mutant CML progressed to acute lymphoblastic leukemia admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan in December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a 47-year-old female, and her blood test result was abnormal during physical examination. She was diagnosed as CML and received treatment with imatinib and dasatinib for 2 years. The disease progressed to philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia with BCR-ABL mutation (a D241E mutation). After 3 courses of chemotherapy combined with a targeted drug (ponatinib), the patient achieved complete remission, while the minimal residual disease continued to be positive. The patient received 1 course of chemotherapy combined with olverembatinib from the 4th course of treatment. After olverembatinib monotherapy maintenance therapy for 36 months, the patient achieved molecular complete remission with minimal residual disease. The patient developed complications such as skin pigmentation and elevated lipid levels, but all complications were tolerable.Conclusions:The application of olverembatinib in D241E mutant CML progressed to acute lymphoblastic leukemia can help patients obtain sustained molecular biological remission and good safety.