Radiomics enables the extraction of high-throughput quantitative features from ophthalmic images, allowing the identification of subvisual information that is imperceptible to the human eye and offering a novel strategy for the precise diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. By quantitatively characterizing subtle differences in retinal structure, texture, and hemodynamic characteristics, and integrating these features with clinical data, radiomics has demonstrated substantial potential in early screening, disease stratification, prediction of treatment responses, and individualized risk assessment of retinal diseases, particularly in common conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Despite these promising advances, the clinical translation of radiomics remains challenging. Current limitations include suboptimal model performance and generalizability,as well as insufficient clinical interpretability of radiomic feature and predictive models, which hampers their integration into existing imaging systems and routine clinical workflows. Based on a systematic analysis of relevant articles published over the past five years, this paper summarizes recent progress in the application of radiomics combined with machine learning for the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of retinal diseases, and to discuss the key challenges and future directions for its clinical implementation.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Taikong Yangxin Pills on the metabolism of simulated weightless rats based on metabolomics and discuss the metabolism mechanism. MethodsIn the simulated space capsule environment on the ground， the rat model of simulated weightlessness was established by the tail suspension method. Rats were randomly grouped as follows： out-of-capsule control， in-capsule control， model， and high （3.0 g·kg^-1） and low （1.5 g·kg^-1） doses of Taikong Yangxin Pills， and they were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 28 days. The serum levels of endogenous metabolites in rats were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）. The obtained data were processed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） to screen for differential metabolites and potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for pathway enrichment analysis to explain the metabolic regulation mechanism of the drug. ResultsCompared with the out-of-capsule control group， the in-capsule control group showed elevated levels of thirteen metabolites， including 14-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid， linoleic acid， and α-linolenic acid （P<0.05）， which suggested that the space capsule environment mainly affected the metabolism of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the rats. Compared with the in-capsule control group， the model group showed lowered levels of fourteen metabolites， including 4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid， isocitric acid/citric acid， and L-tyrosine （P<0.05）， which were recovered after the treatment with Taikong Yangxin pills （P<0.05）. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that weightlessness induced by tail suspension and drug intervention mainly involved the phenylalanine， tyrosine， and tryptophan biosynthesis， tyrosine metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle. ConclusionThe simulated space capsule environment and simulated weightlessness induced by tail suspension can both affect the metabolism level of rats. Taikong Yangxin pills can ameliorate the metabolic abnormality in the rat model of weightlessness by regulating various amino acids and energy metabolism-related pathways.

BackgroundIn recent years， the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） is escalating in China， leading to a serious disease burden. However， previous studies on the influencing factors of OSA， such as obesity and sleep position， were mostly cross-sectional studies. This approach inherently hinders the identification of dynamic interaction mechanism among multiple variables， consequently obstructing the formulation of individualized intervention strategies. ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in body mass index （BMI）-oxygen saturation-sleep position-heart rate variability （HRV） network models between OSA and non-OSA populations， thereby offering a reference for the early detection and management of OSA. MethodsA total of 384 adult participants undergoing sleep monitoring at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from July 12， 2022 to October 11， 2023 were included. Subjects were categorized into OSA group （n=203） and control group （n=181） based on an apnea-hypopnea index （AHI） threshold of 5 events per hour. Subsequently， BMI-oxygen saturation-sleep position-HRV networks were constructed and compared between two groups. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the overall edge weight （P=0.55） and overall strength （P=0.28） of the network model between control group and OSA group. Notable differences emerged in both the node connection strength （e.g.， minimum oxygen saturation with BMI， sleep in prone position， and mean RR interval） and node centrality indices （mean oxygen saturation， minimum oxygen saturation， AHI in upright position， AHI in right lateral position and mean heart rate） within the two network models （P<0.05）. ConclusionSignificant differences are observed between the non-OSA and OSA populations in specific factors， including sleep position， heart rate and oxygen saturation.

Objective:To investigate the expression characteristics of plasma proteins in patients with acute diquat poisoning by proteomic technology, and to screen the targets and biomarkers related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute diquat poisoning.Methods:This study was a retrospective case-control study. Patients with diquat poisoning admitted to Nanjing University Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital from August 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled. Healthy volunteers matched for age and gender during the same period were selected as the control group. The general clinical data and plasma samples were collected, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of plasma proteins were performed by proteomic technology based on nanoliter liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences of plasma protein expression between the two groups. Results:A total of 8 diquat poisoning patients and 7 healthy individuals were included in this study, and 491 plasma proteins were identified. Compared with control group, 76 differentially expressed proteins were obtained from the poisoned group, including 35 up-regulated proteins and 41 down-regulated proteins. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with oxygen transporter activity, receptor binding, and hyaluronic acid-binding endopeptidase inhibitor activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins were associated with complement and coagulation cascades, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and platelet activation. In addition, the expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) was not only increased in poisoned patients, but also significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Multiple plasma proteins with abnormal expression may be involved in the pathological process of acute diquat poisoning. ADIPOQ may have potential application value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of acute diquat poisoning.

Maternal depression can cause physical and mental harm to herself. This condition can lead to poor physical development in early offspring (newborns). However, the effect of maternal depression on the long-term physical development of offspring remains controversial. Studies have shown that offspring exposed to maternal depression in developed countries are at an increased risk of obesity. In view of the high incidence of maternal depression and childhood obesity in China, this article reviews the correlation between maternal depression and offspring obesity, aiming to provide insights for relevant research in China and offer references for the prevention and intervention of maternal depression and childhood obesity.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 30 children with JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U )and 36 age-and gender-matched children diagnosed as simple JIA admitted to Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2016 to June 2023.The clinical data,laboratory indicators and radiological findings were collected,and analyzed for the risk factors for JIA-U with univariate and multivariate analysis.Results In this study,JIA-U mostly occurred in both eyes (63.3％,19/30),with anterior uveitis as the main cause (86.7％,26/30),insidious onset,and mostly occurred after JIA diagnosis (60.0％,18/30),and only 30％ showing ocular discomfort or visual impairment.Univariate analysis showed that the JIA children with oligoarthritis JIA,negative rheumatoid factor (RF)and negative anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)were prone to be complicated with uveitis (P<0.05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that RF negativity was an independent risk factor for development of JIA-U (OR=5.400,95％ CI:1.033～28.227,P=0.046). Conclusion JIA-U of ten develops in both eyes,anterior uveitis is the most common,and it mostly diagnosed after JIA.It has no obvious eye symptoms in the early stage and thus is not easily recognized.Oligoarthritis JIA,RF-negative,and anti-CCP antibody-negative are the high-risk factors for the complication of JIA-U in children with JIA.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristic of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) patients with Kawasaki disease like onset symptom.Methods:A case-control study was performed. A total of 24 patients with sJIA with Kawasaki disease-like symptoms at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2018 to August 2024 were selected as the Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA group. A total of 96 patients with Kawasaki disease as the Kawasaki disease group and 83 patients with sJIA were selected as the sJIA group. The general information, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and complications of the patients were compared among the 3 groups. Differences between groups were assessed by Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results:There were significant differences in age and fever course between Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA groups, Kawasaki disease groups, and sJIA groups (3.4 (2.5, 7.3) vs. 3.4 (1.9, 4.8) vs. 8.8 (5.1, 11.7) years, 24.5 (18.0, 37.3) vs. 23.0 (18.0, 31.0) vs. 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) d, Z=67.09, 138.24, both P<0.05). Among the 24 cases of Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA, 20 cases (83%) had joint symptoms and 9 cases (38%) had conjunctival congestion. There were significant differences in the incidence of coronary artery injury between Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA group, Kawasaki disease group and sJIA group (58% (14/24) vs. 44% (42/96) vs. 6% (5/83), χ2=40.50, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the risk of macrophage activation syndrome between Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA group, sJIA group and Kawasaki disease group (17% (4/24) vs. 10% (8/83) vs. 0, P<0.05). In the Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA group, 11 cases (46%) did not respond after 2 courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, and 21 cases (88%) used glucocorticoids. The use rate of high-dose hormones in the Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA group was higher than that in the sJIA group (29% (7/24) vs. 5% (4/83), χ2=12.95, P<0.05). In the group of Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA group, 17 cases (71%) used biological agents, 1 case used adalimumab, and 16 cases received tocilizumab treatment, of which 4 cases were allergic to tocilizumab. In the group of Kawasaki disease combined with sJIA, 11 cases (46%) treated with tocilizumab were followed up regularly for 1 month, and 10 cases were effective. Conclusions:Children with sJIA who present with Kawasaki disease-like clinical symptoms have clinical features of Kawasaki disease and sJIA. Children with Kawasaki disease who present at a young age, have a long fever course, are accompanied by joint symptoms, and are IVIG-resistant need to be alert to the possibility of sJIA and receive timely treatment with hormones and biological agents.

Objective:To develop, validate and initially apply a joint function and health assessment scale for juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.Methods:The first draft of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis joint function and health assessment scale was developed through literature analysis, discussion by the research team, semi-structured interviews, Delphi expert correspondence. From March to June 2024, a total of 260 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis or their parents were prospectively recruited from Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University by convenience sampling method for pre-investigation and formal investigation.The reliability and validity of the scale were tested by item analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, content validity and criterion validity analysis, and the responsiveness of the scale to clinical changes was evaluated by estimating the minimum clinically important difference, and finally the formal scale was formed.Results:The juvenile idiopathic arthritis joint function and health assessment scale included disease activity assessment, daily activity and function assessment, pain, fatigue and disease outcome assessment, with a total of 5 dimensions and 24 items, in which the functional assessment subscale included 4 secondary dimensions and 18 items. The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the function assessment subscale was 0.88, the fold-half reliability was 0.86, and the test-retest reliability after 2-4 weeks was 0.84; the item-level content validity index was 0.80-1.00, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 70.0%. Preliminary application indicated the functional assessment subscale was moderately correlated with childhood health assessment questionnaire ( r=0.70, P<0.05), the total scale was strongly correlated with juvenile arthritis disease activity score-27 ( r=0.92, P<0.05), and moderately correlated with both active and limited joint count ( r=0.77, 0.68, both P<0.05). Reactivity analysis suggested that the minimum clinically important difference between the two visits of 41 children with clinical improvement and 25 children with disease activity was 0.49 (0.44, 0.54) and 0.51 (0.43, 0.58). Conclusion:The juvenile idiopathic arthritis joint function and health assessment scale has good reliability and validity, and has certain responsiveness to clinical changes, is simple and operable, and can be used as a tool for assessing joint function in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective To investigate the influence of metabolism-related factors(overweight and/or obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertension and dyslipidemia)on the 90-day prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF),and to establish a predictive model.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 365 patients with HBV-ACLF who were hospitalized in Department of Infectious Diseases,The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,from June 2018 to June 2022,and according to the 90-day follow-up results,they were divided into survival group with 273 patients and death group with 92 patients.General information and related laboratory markers were collected from all patients.The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distribution continuous data between groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.A Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether metabolism-related factors were independent risk factors for the 90-day prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients,and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate the correlation between metabolism-related factors and the 90-day survival rate of HBV-ALCF patients.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)was used to compare the value of different scoring models in predicting the 90-day prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients.Results The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(odds ratio[OR]=4.698,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.904-11.593,P=0.001),alanine aminotransferase(OR=0.999,95%CI:0.999-1.000,P=0.010),triglyceride(TG)(OR=4.979,95%CI:2.433-10.189,P＜0.001),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(OR=0.258,95%CI:0.087-0.762,P=0.012),apolipoprotein B(OR=0.118,95%CI:0.026-0.547,P=0.006),and CLIF-C OF score(OR=2.275,95%CI:1.150-4.502,P＜0.001)were independent influencing factors for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF.The combined predictive model of metabolism-related factors had a larger AUC than the predictive model of a single factor,among which the predictive model of hypertension+TG+CLIF-C OF score had the largest AUC of 0.886.The patients with metabolism-related factors tended to have higher incidence rate of liver complications and 30-and 90-day mortality rates.Conclusion The presence of the metabolism-related factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia can increase the severity of HBV-ACLF and the risk of short-term mortality,and the hypertension+TG+CLIF-C OF score predictive model has a good value in predicting the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients.