Work serves as a critical means of obtaining resources, facilitating personal growth, realizing self-worth, and engaging in social interactions. However, work-related diseases pose significant threats to workers’ health and productivity, and impose considerable economic burdens. This article categorized work-related diseases into six major types, including musculoskeletal disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, reproductive system diseases, and non-specific respiratory diseases, and summarized their risk factors, assessment methods, policy regulation, and prevention and control measures. Current research in this field predominantly relies on cross-sectional studies, which present limitations in causal inference and potential risks of bias. Future studies should expand sample sizes, optimize research designs, and establish multidimensional evaluation systems to comprehensively assess the health and economic impacts of work-related diseases. It is recommended to enhance the translation of research findings into practice, thereby providing a scientific basis for the occupational health protection system and promoting the well-being and sustainable development of the working population.

Anticipatory anxiety is a negative emotion that arises when individuals encounter potential threats or uncertainties in the future. It is the core symptom of a variety of anxiety disorders, and is closely associated with the occurrence, severity, treatment outcome, and prognosis of anxiety disorders, which has garnered a growing amount of focus in clinical practice. Nevertheless, scientific research on anticipatory anxiety continues to face obstacles such as unclear pathological mechanisms, the absence of simple and consistent self-assessment tools, and effective interventions. To improve understanding of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, this study reviews pertinent domestic and international literature, and briefly introduces the concept, assessment and measurement, activation paradigm, pathological mechanisms, and interventions of anticipatory anxiety.

Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder worldwide. Suicidal ideation and behavior represent a severe clinical manifestation closely associated with high mortality and disease burden. Current antidepressants have a delayed onset of action and fail to address the urgent need for rapid symptom relief in patients with major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI). The glutamatergic antidepressant esketamine has demonstrated rapid antidepressant efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in patients with MDSI in multiple clinical trials, making it a promising therapeutic option. Esketamine is a non-selective, non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. In 2023, the nasal spray formulation was approved in China for use in combination with oral antidepressants to alleviate depressive symptoms in adults with MDSI. This review summarizes the latest clinical research progress on esketamine nasal spray for MDSI, providing evidence-based guidance for psychiatrists in clinical decision-making.

The neonatal mammalian heart has a remarkable regenerative capacity, while the adult heart has difficulty to regenerate. A metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation occurs along with the loss of cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity shortly after birth. In this study, we sought to determine if and how metabolic reprogramming regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. Reversing metabolic reprogramming by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibition, using cardiac-specific Cpt1a and Cpt1b knockout mice promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and improved cardiac function post-myocardial infarction. The inhibition of CPT1 is of pharmacological significance because those protective effects were replicated by etomoxir, a CPT1 inhibitor. CPT1 inhibition, by decreasing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression, reduced ADP-ribosylation of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 in cardiomyocytes, leading to decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our present study indicates that reversing metabolic reprogramming is an effective strategy to stimulate adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. CPT1 is a potential therapeutic target for promoting heart regeneration and myocardial infarction treatment.

Objective:To study the relationship between serum levels of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), immune factors, and prognosis in patients with uterine fibroids.Methods:A case-control study was conducted involving 93 patients with uterine fibroids who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy at The First People's Hospital of Longnan City between June 2021 and June 2023. These patients constituted the study group. Additionally, 104 healthy women undergoing routine health check-ups during the same period were selected as the control group. Based on the prognosis of the patients in the study group, they were further divided into two subgroups: a good prognosis group ( n = 42) and a poor prognosis group ( n = 46). The correlations among serum levels of Ang-2, IGF-1, immune factors, and prognosis were analyzed in the study group compared to the control group, as well as between the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups. Results:Four cases from the control group and five cases from the study group were excluded from the analysis. In the study group, serum levels of Ang-2 and IGF-1 were found to be (303.18 ± 42.39) mg/L and (1377.11 ± 84.78) mg/L, respectively. Both levels were significantly higher than those in the control group [(231.25 ± 34.18) mg/L, (438.09 ± 52.15) mg/L, t = 12.87, 19.63, both P < 0.001]. Additionally, CD 8+ levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( t = -15.79, P < 0.001). Conversely, CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels were lower in the study group compared to the control group ( t = 7.92, 8.41, 5.21, all P < 0.001). In the poor prognosis group, the levels of Ang-2 and IGF-1 were (335.16 ± 42.67) mg/L and (1406.18 ± 83.77) mg/L, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group [(284.63 ± 36.19) mg/L, (434.91 ± 53.28) mg/L, t = 5.96, 64.1, both P < 0.001]. The CD 8+ levels in the poor prognosis group were also higher than those in the good prognosis group ( t = -10.27, P < 0.001), while CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels were lower in the poor prognosis group ( t = 5.31, 7.03, 3.15, all P < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that Ang-2 was negatively correlated with CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels ( r = -0.623, -0.578, -0.662). In contrast, Ang-2 was positively correlated with CD 8+ levels, a history of uterine fibroids, the number of fibroids, a history of miscarriage, and the duration of breastfeeding ( r = 0.593, 0.452, 0.446, 0.419, 0.422). IGF-1 levels were also negatively correlated with CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels ( r = -0.720, -0.751, -0.712), while positively correlated with CD 8+, a history of uterine fibroids, the number of fibroids, a history of miscarriage, and the duration of breastfeeding ( r = 0.631, 0.503, 0.444, 0.501, 0.451). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a family history of uterine fibroids, the number of fibroids, a history of miscarriage, and the duration of breastfeeding were all significant risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with uterine fibroids (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Patients with uterine fibroids have higher levels of Ang-2, IGF-1 and CD 8+, while the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ are lower. Additionally, the expression levels of Ang-2 and IGF-1 are associated with the patients' immune factors and prognosis.

Objective:To study the relationship between serum levels of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), immune factors, and prognosis in patients with uterine fibroids.Methods:A case-control study was conducted involving 93 patients with uterine fibroids who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy at The First People's Hospital of Longnan City between June 2021 and June 2023. These patients constituted the study group. Additionally, 104 healthy women undergoing routine health check-ups during the same period were selected as the control group. Based on the prognosis of the patients in the study group, they were further divided into two subgroups: a good prognosis group ( n = 42) and a poor prognosis group ( n = 46). The correlations among serum levels of Ang-2, IGF-1, immune factors, and prognosis were analyzed in the study group compared to the control group, as well as between the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups. Results:Four cases from the control group and five cases from the study group were excluded from the analysis. In the study group, serum levels of Ang-2 and IGF-1 were found to be (303.18 ± 42.39) mg/L and (1377.11 ± 84.78) mg/L, respectively. Both levels were significantly higher than those in the control group [(231.25 ± 34.18) mg/L, (438.09 ± 52.15) mg/L, t = 12.87, 19.63, both P < 0.001]. Additionally, CD 8+ levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( t = -15.79, P < 0.001). Conversely, CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels were lower in the study group compared to the control group ( t = 7.92, 8.41, 5.21, all P < 0.001). In the poor prognosis group, the levels of Ang-2 and IGF-1 were (335.16 ± 42.67) mg/L and (1406.18 ± 83.77) mg/L, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group [(284.63 ± 36.19) mg/L, (434.91 ± 53.28) mg/L, t = 5.96, 64.1, both P < 0.001]. The CD 8+ levels in the poor prognosis group were also higher than those in the good prognosis group ( t = -10.27, P < 0.001), while CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels were lower in the poor prognosis group ( t = 5.31, 7.03, 3.15, all P < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that Ang-2 was negatively correlated with CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels ( r = -0.623, -0.578, -0.662). In contrast, Ang-2 was positively correlated with CD 8+ levels, a history of uterine fibroids, the number of fibroids, a history of miscarriage, and the duration of breastfeeding ( r = 0.593, 0.452, 0.446, 0.419, 0.422). IGF-1 levels were also negatively correlated with CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ levels ( r = -0.720, -0.751, -0.712), while positively correlated with CD 8+, a history of uterine fibroids, the number of fibroids, a history of miscarriage, and the duration of breastfeeding ( r = 0.631, 0.503, 0.444, 0.501, 0.451). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a family history of uterine fibroids, the number of fibroids, a history of miscarriage, and the duration of breastfeeding were all significant risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with uterine fibroids (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Patients with uterine fibroids have higher levels of Ang-2, IGF-1 and CD 8+, while the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ are lower. Additionally, the expression levels of Ang-2 and IGF-1 are associated with the patients' immune factors and prognosis.

Anticipatory anxiety is a negative emotion that arises when individuals encounter potential threats or uncertainties in the future. It is the core symptom of a variety of anxiety disorders, and is closely associated with the occurrence, severity, treatment outcome, and prognosis of anxiety disorders, which has garnered a growing amount of focus in clinical practice. Nevertheless, scientific research on anticipatory anxiety continues to face obstacles such as unclear pathological mechanisms, the absence of simple and consistent self-assessment tools, and effective interventions. To improve understanding of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, this study reviews pertinent domestic and international literature, and briefly introduces the concept, assessment and measurement, activation paradigm, pathological mechanisms, and interventions of anticipatory anxiety.

Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder worldwide. Suicidal ideation and behavior represent a severe clinical manifestation closely associated with high mortality and disease burden. Current antidepressants have a delayed onset of action and fail to address the urgent need for rapid symptom relief in patients with major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI). The glutamatergic antidepressant esketamine has demonstrated rapid antidepressant efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in patients with MDSI in multiple clinical trials, making it a promising therapeutic option. Esketamine is a non-selective, non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. In 2023, the nasal spray formulation was approved in China for use in combination with oral antidepressants to alleviate depressive symptoms in adults with MDSI. This review summarizes the latest clinical research progress on esketamine nasal spray for MDSI, providing evidence-based guidance for psychiatrists in clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the effect of mirror therapy on upper limb function and cortical activity in patients with type I complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS)after stroke. Methods A total of 72 post-stroke patients with type I CRPS were recruited at the Third Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliat-ed to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October,2017 to February,2022.They were ran-domly divided into control group(n=36)and mirror therapy group(n=36).The control group received conven-tional rehabilitation training,while the mirror therapy group received mirror therapy in addition.Before treat-ment,as well as at three and six weeks after treatment,they were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)for pain,modified Barthel Index(MBI),edema volume and Brunnstrom stage.Resting-state data were collected for 440 seconds using a 32-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)system. Results After treatment,VAS scores significantly improved in each group,showing better after six weeks than after three weeks(P<0.01).The mirror therapy group was better than the control group after six weeks(P<0.05).MBI scores also significantly improved in each group,showing better after six weeks than after three weeks(P<0.001).Edema volume significantly decreased in each group(Z>30.113,P<0.001),while the mirror therapy group was better than the control group after six weeks(Z=-3.347,P=0.001).Edema volume in the mirror therapy group significantly reduced at both three and six weeks(Z<-0.667,P<0.01),with a stronger effect ob-served after six weeks(Z=-0.667,P=0.005).Brunnstrom stages improved significantly in each group(Z>29.714,P<0.001),while the mirror therapy group was better than the control group after six weeks(Z=-2.046,P=0.041).After treatment,the control group showed strong connectivity between right M1 and right primary so-matosensory cortex,while the mirror therapy group demonstrated stronger connectivity between left M1 and right M1,right primary somatosensory cortex,right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex.Connectivity be-tween left and right primary somatosensory cortex increased in mirror therapy group,as well as the connectivity between left pre-motor-supplementary motor cortex and right M1,right pre-motor-supplementary motor cortex and left primary somatosensory cortex,left M1 and left primary somatosensory cortex,and left primary somato-sensory cortex and right M1(∣t∣>3.402,P<0.01). Conclusion Mirror therapy may relieve pain and edema,and improve upper limb motor function in post-stroke patients with type I CRPS,which may associate with stonger connectivity between sensory regions on the unaffected side and sensory-motor regions on the affected side,promoting sensorimotor cortical reorganization.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between ceftazidime-avibactam(CAZ-AVI)blood concentrations and efficacy in critically ill patients and to investigate the factors influencing blood levels.Methods The CAZ-AVI trough concentrations(Cmin)were detected in 29 patients who received CAZ-AVI treatment for at least 48 hours.The clinical materials of the patients were collected together for retrospective analysis.Results The Cmin of ceftazidime(CAZ)and avibactam(AVI)were(50.95±5.17)and(7.52±0.96)mg·L-1 in the effective group and(31.16±7.03)and(5.37±1.32)mg·L-1 in the ineffective group,respectively.The Cmin of CAZ in the effective group was significantly higher than in the ineffective group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in AVI Cmin between the two groups(P>0.05).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that CAZ Cmin was positively correlated with clinical efficacy(P<0.05),and no correlation between AVI Cmin and clinical efficacy(P>0.05).The optimal CAZ Cmin threshold was 24.59 mg·L-1.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and creatinine clearance was significantly correlated with the Cmin of CAZ,and creatinine clearance was significantly correlated with AVI Cmin(P<0.05).Conclusions The Cmin of CAZ correlates with efficacy,and it may be more beneficial for clinical treatment to keep the concentration of CAZ-AVI always greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration during the dosing interval.The creatinine clearance should be fully considered when optimizing CAZ-AVI dosage in critically ill patients.