Objective To investigate the effects of early pulmonary rehabilitation training on lung function recovery,complication rates,and quality of life in patients who undergo thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A ran-domized controlled trial was conducted involving 132 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery between June 2020 and June 2023.Participants were randomly allocated to either an early pulmonary rehabilitation program(n=72)or a conventional rehabilitation program(n=60).The early intervention group commenced a staged rehabilitation protocol—including respiratory training and physical exercise—within 24 to 72 hours following surgery,whereas the conventional group received standard postoperative nursing care only.Outcomes measured included postoperative pulmonary function(FEV1,FVC),incidence of postoperative complications,length of hospi-tal stay,and quality of life scores(maximum score:40).These outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results On postoperative days 3 and 7,the early group showed significantly higher FEV1 values compared to the conventional group[(1.6±0.17)L vs.(1.3±0.21)L;(1.9±0.20)L vs.(1.6±0.11)L,respectively],as well as improved FVC measurements[(2.5±0.20)L vs.(2.1±0.14)L;(2.9±0.25)L vs.(2.3±0.23)L(all P＜0.05)].The early intervention group also demonstrated a significantly lower overall complication rate(14.3％vs.33.3％,x2=6.79,P=0.009),including reduced incidences of atelectasis(6.9％vs.20.0％,P=0.031)and pulmonary infection(4.2％vs.13.3％,P=0.044).Additionally,patients in the early group had a shorter average hospital stay[(8.4±1.2)days vs.(10.9±2.3)days,P=0.018]and reported higher quality of life scores[(35.6±3.7)vs.(30.8±4.5),P=0.032].No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the overall incidence of adverse events(23.6％vs.31.7％,x2=1.07,P=0.301).Conclusions Early pulmonary rehabilitation significantly facilitates the recovery of lung function,reduces the incidence of postoperative complica-tions,enhances quality of life,and demonstrates a favorable safety profile among patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.Therefore,this intervention should be more broadly implemented in clinical practice to optimize postop-erative recovery outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effects of early pulmonary rehabilitation training on lung function recovery,complication rates,and quality of life in patients who undergo thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A ran-domized controlled trial was conducted involving 132 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery between June 2020 and June 2023.Participants were randomly allocated to either an early pulmonary rehabilitation program(n=72)or a conventional rehabilitation program(n=60).The early intervention group commenced a staged rehabilitation protocol—including respiratory training and physical exercise—within 24 to 72 hours following surgery,whereas the conventional group received standard postoperative nursing care only.Outcomes measured included postoperative pulmonary function(FEV1,FVC),incidence of postoperative complications,length of hospi-tal stay,and quality of life scores(maximum score:40).These outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results On postoperative days 3 and 7,the early group showed significantly higher FEV1 values compared to the conventional group[(1.6±0.17)L vs.(1.3±0.21)L;(1.9±0.20)L vs.(1.6±0.11)L,respectively],as well as improved FVC measurements[(2.5±0.20)L vs.(2.1±0.14)L;(2.9±0.25)L vs.(2.3±0.23)L(all P＜0.05)].The early intervention group also demonstrated a significantly lower overall complication rate(14.3％vs.33.3％,x2=6.79,P=0.009),including reduced incidences of atelectasis(6.9％vs.20.0％,P=0.031)and pulmonary infection(4.2％vs.13.3％,P=0.044).Additionally,patients in the early group had a shorter average hospital stay[(8.4±1.2)days vs.(10.9±2.3)days,P=0.018]and reported higher quality of life scores[(35.6±3.7)vs.(30.8±4.5),P=0.032].No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the overall incidence of adverse events(23.6％vs.31.7％,x2=1.07,P=0.301).Conclusions Early pulmonary rehabilitation significantly facilitates the recovery of lung function,reduces the incidence of postoperative complica-tions,enhances quality of life,and demonstrates a favorable safety profile among patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.Therefore,this intervention should be more broadly implemented in clinical practice to optimize postop-erative recovery outcomes.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

With the continuous development of cancer treatment technology, the cure rate for tumors in children is increasing. However, the irreversible damage to ovarian development and function by chemotherapy and radiation in surviving children often leads to iatrogenic premature ovarian failure and even infertility. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop fertility preservation techniques for children with tumors. International and domestic guidelines indicate that ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation should be considered first for female children. However, the application of this technique in children is not yet mature. Current research suggests that there are significant structural and functional differences between children's ovaries and adults', and fertility preservation strategies for adults are not fully applicable to children. Therefore, this paper analyzes and reviews the structure and function of children's ovaries, the mechanism of damage to ovarian tissues by chemotherapy and radiation, and the current research and application status of fertility preservation techniques for female children. It also looks forward to the development direction of fertility preservation techniques for female children.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of melatonin(MT)on improving oocyte quality in mice exposed to benzophenone-3(BP-3).Methods In this study,6～12-week-old female ICR mice were cultured in vitro in M16 culture,0.8 μmol/L BP-3 medium and 1 × 10-7 mol/L MT+0.8 μmol/L BP-3 mixed culture.Female ICR mice were randomly segregated into three groups:control,BP-3,and BMT.The control group received 0.5 mL of purified water,the BP-3 group was administered 0.5 mL of a 0.8 μmol/L BP-3 solution,and the BMT group received 0.5 ml of a combination of 0.8 μmol/L BP-3 and 15 mg/kg MT solution via gavage once daily for four weeks,to facilitate in vivo experimentation.Subsequently,the oocyte maturity rate,transcription levels and protein expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related genes Mfn1,Opa1,Fis1 and Drp1,mitochondrial membrane potential and spindle morphology were detected in the three groups to explore the rescue effect of MT on the mitochondria of BP-3-exposed mice.Results Compared to the control group,MT treatment markedly enhanced the transcription and protein levels of the mitochondrial fusion genes Mfn1 and Opa1 in oocytes,while concurrently down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of the mitochondrial fission genes Fis1 and Drp1.Additionally,the BMT group exhibited significantly lower levels of ROS and abnormal spindle morphology in their oocytes compared to the BP-3 group,yet their mitochondrial membrane potential was notably elevated.Conclusion Physiological concentration of BP-3 exposure was toxic for reproduction,but the addition of appropriate concentrations of MT could significantly improve the mitochondrial dynamics and developmental potential of oocytes in BP-3-exposed mice.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of melatonin(MT)on improving oocyte quality in mice exposed to benzophenone-3(BP-3).Methods In this study,6～12-week-old female ICR mice were cultured in vitro in M16 culture,0.8 μmol/L BP-3 medium and 1 × 10-7 mol/L MT+0.8 μmol/L BP-3 mixed culture.Female ICR mice were randomly segregated into three groups:control,BP-3,and BMT.The control group received 0.5 mL of purified water,the BP-3 group was administered 0.5 mL of a 0.8 μmol/L BP-3 solution,and the BMT group received 0.5 ml of a combination of 0.8 μmol/L BP-3 and 15 mg/kg MT solution via gavage once daily for four weeks,to facilitate in vivo experimentation.Subsequently,the oocyte maturity rate,transcription levels and protein expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related genes Mfn1,Opa1,Fis1 and Drp1,mitochondrial membrane potential and spindle morphology were detected in the three groups to explore the rescue effect of MT on the mitochondria of BP-3-exposed mice.Results Compared to the control group,MT treatment markedly enhanced the transcription and protein levels of the mitochondrial fusion genes Mfn1 and Opa1 in oocytes,while concurrently down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of the mitochondrial fission genes Fis1 and Drp1.Additionally,the BMT group exhibited significantly lower levels of ROS and abnormal spindle morphology in their oocytes compared to the BP-3 group,yet their mitochondrial membrane potential was notably elevated.Conclusion Physiological concentration of BP-3 exposure was toxic for reproduction,but the addition of appropriate concentrations of MT could significantly improve the mitochondrial dynamics and developmental potential of oocytes in BP-3-exposed mice.

The immune response against infection is a multifaceted process encompassing the activation and migration of diverse immune cells, as well as the clearance of pathogens. The behaviors of immune cells and the identification of pathogens play pivotal roles as indicators for disease diagnosis and prediction. In recent years, the utilization of microfluidic chip technology has gained substantial attention within the areas of biology, pharmacology, and clinical research and diagnosis. This is primarily attributed to the numerous advantages it offers, including miniaturization, enhanced throughput, heightened sensitivity, expedited analysis, and reduced sample consumption. As a result, microfluidic technology has facilitated the development and utilization of immune cell behavioral assays, bacterial growth studies, and drug-screening assays. This paper is to review the application of microfluidic technology in the field of anti-infection immunity research, focusing on the analysis of migratory behavior of innate immune cells, deformation of their nuclei, and rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The primary objective of this review is to advance the application of microfluidic technology in research on both anti-infection immunity and clinical diagnosis.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.