Objective To explore different categories of self-management in patients after enterostomy and analyse the factors of such patients.Methods A total of 202 patients who had enterostomy and visited the outpatient clinic or the ward of Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in our hospital for postoperative review between May and December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.Questionnaire surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire and an enterostomy patient self-management questionnaire.Latent profile analysis was applied to explore the potential categories of the characteristics in self-management among the patients and to analyse the influencing factors of different categories.Results Self-management characteristics of the patients after enterostomy were found in 3 categories of low,moderate and high for 21.78%(n=44),42.57%(n=86),and 35.64%(n=72),respectively.Latent profile analysis showed that age,sex,education,time after enterostomy and per capita monthly family income were the factors that influenced the categories of self-management characteristics among the patients after enterostomy,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion There are different categories of characteristics in self-management among the patients after enterostomy.Medical staff should make early identification of the patients in various categories of characteristics and provide targeted care or interventions based on the influencing factors.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate(AS)on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)in mice and explore the potential mechanism primarily.Methods Twenty-five female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Control group,model group(PCOS group),low-and high-dose AS groups(AS15 and AS30 groups)and metformin group(Met group).In addition to the Control group,the mouse model of PCOS was established by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA,60 mg/kg)following by a high-fat diet for 21 d.After modeling,AS of 15 and 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected into the mice of the AS 15 and AS30 groups,respectively,and 200 mg/kg Met was given to those of the Met group by gavage,once per day,for 6 weeks.ELISA was used to detect serum testosterone(T),fasting insulin(FINS),luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated.The levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer,and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was calculated.The estrous cycle was observed,and HE staining was performed for pathological changes in the ovary and uterus.Immunofluorescence assay was employed to measure the expression of p-eIF2α,ATF4 and CHOP in the ovarian tissue.After steroidogenic human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN were exposed to 100 μmol/L DHEA to simulate the hyperandrogen environment of PCOS,and then treated with 5 and 10 μg/mL AS for 24 h,the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the Control group,the PCOS mice had disturbed estrous cycle,polycystic changes in the ovaries,and significantly increased serum T level and LH/FSH ratio(P＜0.05),and obviously elevated HOMA-IR,TC and TG levels in terms of metabolism(P＜0.01).The expression levels of p-eIF2α,ATF4 and CHOP were notably up-regulated in the ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS mice and KGN cells after DHEA exposure(P＜0.05).Additionally,AS treatment attenuated the pathological changes of ovary and uterine expression,decreased the serum T level and the LH/FSH ratio(P＜0.05),and reduced HOMA-IR,TC and TG levels(P＜0.05)when compared with the PCOS mice.Moreover,the expression levels of p-eIF2α,ATF4 and CHOP were significantly down-regulated after AS treatment in both ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS mice and KGN cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion AS significantly improves glycolipid metabolic disorder and reproductive dysfunction in PCOS mice,which may be associated with its suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway.

Depression is a common chronic mental illness.Animal models of depression are widely used to study the pathogenesis of depression as well as in the development of new antidepressant drugs.The consistency and reliability of animal models of depression to simulate human depressive symptoms directly affect the study result.However,at present,no animal models have been found that are completely consistent with the onset of human depression,which hinders the in-depth study of depression.By using scientific and reasonable modeling and evaluation method,the pathological state of depression can still be simulated to a large extent,providing a basis for further in-depth research of the pathogenesis of depression and the development of effective antidepressant drugs.This paper aims to provide a reference for researchers by reviewing several commonly used animal models and behavioral tests of depression.

Depression is a common chronic mental illness.Animal models of depression are widely used to study the pathogenesis of depression as well as in the development of new antidepressant drugs.The consistency and reliability of animal models of depression to simulate human depressive symptoms directly affect the study result.However,at present,no animal models have been found that are completely consistent with the onset of human depression,which hinders the in-depth study of depression.By using scientific and reasonable modeling and evaluation method,the pathological state of depression can still be simulated to a large extent,providing a basis for further in-depth research of the pathogenesis of depression and the development of effective antidepressant drugs.This paper aims to provide a reference for researchers by reviewing several commonly used animal models and behavioral tests of depression.

Objective To explore different categories of self-management in patients after enterostomy and analyse the factors of such patients.Methods A total of 202 patients who had enterostomy and visited the outpatient clinic or the ward of Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in our hospital for postoperative review between May and December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.Questionnaire surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire and an enterostomy patient self-management questionnaire.Latent profile analysis was applied to explore the potential categories of the characteristics in self-management among the patients and to analyse the influencing factors of different categories.Results Self-management characteristics of the patients after enterostomy were found in 3 categories of low,moderate and high for 21.78%(n=44),42.57%(n=86),and 35.64%(n=72),respectively.Latent profile analysis showed that age,sex,education,time after enterostomy and per capita monthly family income were the factors that influenced the categories of self-management characteristics among the patients after enterostomy,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion There are different categories of characteristics in self-management among the patients after enterostomy.Medical staff should make early identification of the patients in various categories of characteristics and provide targeted care or interventions based on the influencing factors.

Objective: To investigate the recessive infection rate of healthy children and guardians in different epidemic periods of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao, analyze the risk factors affecting recessive infection, so as to provide the basis for HFMD prevention and control. Methods: In the nonepidemic period of 2022, the random cluster sampling method was used to selected 546 children and guardians from 4 childcare institutions in Laoshan District and Pingdu City. In the epidemic period of 2023, 690 children and guardians were selected from 6 childcare institutions in Shibei District, Laoshan District and Pingdu District. A questionnair survey was conducted in the epidemic period. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the recessive infection. Dominance analysis was used to explore the relative importance of the risk factors affecting recessive infection. Results: The results showed that the recessive infection rates of healthy children and guardians in the epidemic period were 18.84% and 13.62%, respectively; the recessive infection rates were 9.09% and 4.44% in the nonepidemic period, respectively. The results of multivariate Logistic analysis showed that rural areas (OR=4.71, 95%CI=2.57-8.61) and recessive infection of guardians (OR=18.62, 95%CI=7.45-46.56) were positively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy children (P<0.05). Washing hands (OR=0.09, 95%CI=0.04-0.20), using towels alone (OR=0.17, 95%CI=0.07-0.40), and EV71 vaccination (OR=0.42, 95%CI=0.20-0.87) were negatively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy children (P<0.05). Public toilets (OR=3.02, 95%CI=1.50-6.09) and drying bedding once per quarter (OR=3.89, 95%CI=1.75-8.68) were positively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy guardians. Housing with good lighting (OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.12-0.79), and tableware disinfection (OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.15-0.65) were negatively correlated with recessive infection of HFMD in healthy guardians (P<0.05). The results showed that recessive infection of guardians was relatively the most important for healthy children (41.51%), and tableware disinfection was relatively the most important for recessive infection of guardians (28.87%). Conclusions The recessive infections of HFMD are common among healthy populations in Qingdao, and the recessive infection rate among children during the epidemic period is relatively higher. Guardians play an important role in the recessive infection of healthy children. Therefore, healthy education should be strengthened for key populations, especially to enhance parents awareness of prevention and control to reduce the occurrence of recessive infections of hand, foot and mouth disease in children and guardians.

Depression is a psychosomatic disorder.The rising incidence rate of depression in recent years is placing a heavy economic burden on societies around the world.Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides(MOOs)are active substances extracted from the Chinese herb Morinda officinalis that can soothe depression and calm the mind,tonify the kidneys,and benefit the intellect,as well as improve cognitive disorders in patients to a certain extent.On the basis of the hypothesised pathological mechanism of depression,this study explains the link between MOOs and depression by reviewing existing studies.We propose that MOOs can improve depression through mechanisms that regulate the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters,enhance neuroplasticity,regulate the function of the HPA axis and levels of cytokines,and influence gut microbiota.This paper provides new ideas for research on the antidepressant effects of MOOs.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intraoperative Viatorr stent implantation for shunting of blood flow in the left or right branch of the portal vein on the clinical outcome of patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 120 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension who underwent TIPS in The General Hospital of Western Theater Command from March 2016 to December 2019, and according to the target position of portal vein puncture determined by intraoperative angiography, the patients were divided into left branch group and right branch group. The two groups were compared in terms of the incidence rates of postoperative recurrence and bleeding, stent dysfunction, and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and survival. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to calculate rebleeding rate, stent patency rate, incidence rate of HE, and survival rate. ResultsThe surgical success rate was 100% for all 120 patients, with a short-term hemostasis rate of 100%. Among the 120 patients, 52 underwent shunting of the left branch of the portal vein and 68 underwent shunting of the right branch. There was a significant reduction in portal venous pressure after surgery (9.98±2.84 mm Hg vs 24.72±5.11 mm Hg, t=37.76, P＜0.01). The cumulative rebleeding rates at 12 and 24 months after surgery were 3.2% and 11.0%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence rates of HE at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery were 10.8%, 13.6%, 21.2%, and 24.5%, respectively. Among the 29 patients who experienced HE, 23 had grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ HE and 6 had grade Ⅲ HE. The cumulative incidence rates of stent dysfunction at 12 and 24 months after surgery were 7.1% and 21.4%, respectively. The cumulative survival rates at 12 and 24 months after surgery were 92.0% and 86.5%, respectively. As for comparison of the left branch group and the right branch group, there were no significant differences in postoperative stent patency rate, rebleeding rate, incidence rate of HE, and survival rate(all P＜0.05). ConclusionTIPS is a safe and effective method for the treatment of cirrhotic portal hypertension, and intraoperative Viatorr stent implantation, no matter for establishing the shunt of the left or right branch of the portal vein, will not affect the clinical outcome of patients.

Taxol is one of the most important chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer. Taxol has been mainly extracted from the bark of yews for a long time. However, methods for the extraction of taxol from the bark of Taxus species were inefficient and environmentally costly. As a result of the high ecological toll exacted on trees with the potential for Pacific yew extinction, investigators began to look for other methods of taxol production. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to develop alternative means of taxol production, such as using complete chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, Taxus spp. plant cell culture and microbe fermentation. Using microbe fermentation in the production of taxol would be a very prospective method for obtaining a large amount of taxol. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular basis and genetic regulation mechanisms of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi, which may be helpful to construct the genetic engineering strain with high taxol output. In this paper, the taxol biosynthesis pathway from Taxus cells and the advantages of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi were discussed. The study on the isolation and biodiversity of taxol-producing endophytic fungi and the taxol biosynthesis related genes are also discussed.
Endophytes ; Fungi ; Industrial Microbiology ; Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Paclitaxel ; biosynthesis ; Taxus ; chemistry