The immune response against infection is a multifaceted process encompassing the activation and migration of diverse immune cells, as well as the clearance of pathogens. The behaviors of immune cells and the identification of pathogens play pivotal roles as indicators for disease diagnosis and prediction. In recent years, the utilization of microfluidic chip technology has gained substantial attention within the areas of biology, pharmacology, and clinical research and diagnosis. This is primarily attributed to the numerous advantages it offers, including miniaturization, enhanced throughput, heightened sensitivity, expedited analysis, and reduced sample consumption. As a result, microfluidic technology has facilitated the development and utilization of immune cell behavioral assays, bacterial growth studies, and drug-screening assays. This paper is to review the application of microfluidic technology in the field of anti-infection immunity research, focusing on the analysis of migratory behavior of innate immune cells, deformation of their nuclei, and rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The primary objective of this review is to advance the application of microfluidic technology in research on both anti-infection immunity and clinical diagnosis.

Objective To establish a gas chromatography ( GC) method for determination of aniline,2-aminophenol and 4-aminophenol in mesalamine sustained release granules. Methods An HP-5 (10 m×0.53 mm,2.65 μm) capillary GC column was adopted. The carrier gas was high purity nitrogen at a flow rate of 15 mL.min-1 . The inlet temperature was controlled at 280 ℃ and the FID detector temperature was 300℃. The oven temperature was initially held at 70℃ for 2 min and was then programmed to 150 ℃ at 10℃.min-1 and held for 6 min. Results A good resolution was obtained between the peaks of the 3 impurities at chromatographic conditions above. The recoveries of aniline, 2-aminophenol and 4-aminophenol were among 98.04% to 103.00%. The precision and linearity equations were good. Conclusion The method can be adopted for the quality control of mesalazine sustained release granules.

Objective:To investigate the expression of activin A in paraventricular nucleus (PVN)of the WKY rats and its influence in arterial blood pressure,and to clarify the mechanism of activin A in the regulation of arterial blood pressure by PVN.Methods:The WKY rats were selected.The expressions of activin A,ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,and Smads mRNA in PVN of the WKY rats were measured by RT-PCR.The expression of ActRⅡA protein in PVN was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The microinjection of exogenous activin A into PVN was used to observe the changes of arterial blood pressure.The primary cultured PVN neurons from the WKY rats were divided into control group and activin A group.The mRNA expression levels of ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,and Smads in the PVN neurons were analyzed by RT-PCR.Results:Activin A,ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA were expressed in PVN of the WKY rats.The ActRⅡ A protein expression in PVN was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.After microinjection of activin A or angiotensin Ⅱ (AgⅡ)into PVN,the mean arterial blood pressure was increased obviously compared with before treatment (P <0.05).Moreover,compared with control group,the expression levels of ActRⅡA and Smad3 mRNA in primary cultured PVN neurons of the rats in vitro were significantly increased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Activin A can regulate the arterial blood pressure in PVN in an autocrine or paracrine manner,which is related to ActRⅡA-Smad3 signal pathway.

Objective To study the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on patients with hypothyroidism combined with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods A total of 116 patients with hypothyroidism combined with OSAHS in our hospital from September 2014 to September 2015 were enrolled, and all patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the order of admission. Among the 116 patients, 58 patients treated with routine nursing were set as the control group, and the other 58 patients treated with comprehensive nursing intervention were named as the observation group. The mental status the parameters of sleep apnea, the clinical symptoms and the satisfaction of family members of the two groups before and after nursing care were observed. Results After nursing, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the observation group scored 42.7 ± 4.5, 48.2 ± 5.4, which were significantly lower than those of control group, 51.4 ± 5.2, 56.3 ± 6.6(t=9.635, 7.234,all P<0.01).The average oxygen saturation, the lowest oxygen saturation at night, the longest respiratory pause time in the observation group were (0.94 ± 0.04) s,(0.86 ± 0.04) s, (31.4 ± 2.8)s, better than (0.88 ± 0.06) s, (0.78 ± 0.04) s,(40.5 ± 6.7)s in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(t=6.580, 11.423, 9.544,all P<0.05). The satisfaction degree in the observation group was 96.55%(56/58), significantly higher than 86.21%(50/58) of the control group of, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=6.787, P<0.01). Conclusions Comprehensive nursing intervention on the patients with hypothyroidism combined with OSAHS has significant effect. It can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, psychological quality of patients and patient′ s sleep breathing. It meet the needs of patients better and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To observe the application effect of critical care professional nursing team applied to sequential mechanical ventilation in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with respiratory failure. Methods Totally 80 patients of COPD with respiratory failure from May 2014 to April 2015 were divided into study group and control group by random number table method, 40 patients in each group. Study group was applied to critical care professional nursing team. Control group was given routine nursing. The two groups were treated for 4 weeks. The clinical indicators of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), pressure support ventilation (PSV), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart rate, arterial systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate in two groups were compared. The clinical indicators such as the duration of the stay, the duration of the total ventilation, and the time of invasive ventilation, etc, in two groups were compared;and nursing satisfaction was also compared. Results Before nursing, there were no statistical differences between the study group and the control group in PaCO2, PaO2, FEV1, heart rate, systolic arterial blood pressure, respiration rate and PEEP, PSV indicators (t=0.04-0.63, P>0.05). And after the intervention, the above indicators of the study group were (36.4±2.0) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (94.7± 4.8) mmHg, (45.2 ± 16.0) %, (84.2 ± 4.3) beats/min, (94.2 ± 5.3) mmHg, (15.2 ± 3.0) times/min, (3.6 ± 1.2) mmHg, (10.2 ± 2.0) ml and (48.5 ± 5.3) mmHg, (88.3 ± 4.1) mmHg, (36.9 ± 14.1)%, (92.4 ± 6.2) beats/min, (110.4 ± 6.2) mmHg, (20.9 ± 4.1) times/min, (4.2 ± 1.6) mmHg, (13.9 ± 2.4) ml in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (t=4.37-13.51, P<0.01). After nursing care, the study group of patients with clinical indicators such as admission time, total duration of ventilation, the time of invasive ventilation were (12.5±1.5) d,(10.2±2.6) h,(5.2±2.1) h,while (18.2±2.6) d,(15.9±1.1) h,(7.9±2.9) h in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t=12.01, 12.77, 4.77, P<0.01).The nursing satisfaction rate was 80.0% (32/40) in the study group while 62.5% (25/40) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.30, P < 0.01). Conclusions Sequential mechanical ventilation therapy and nursing care in patients with COPD can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, improve nursing satisfaction, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Interleukin(IL)-35 is a new member of the interleukin-12 superfamily. Since its first report in 2007, IL-35 rapidly became a research highlight in the ifeld of immunology. Like other IL-12 superfamily members, IL-35 was a heterodimer which was composed of anαchain P35 and aβchain Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3). Recent research work revealed two distinct roles of IL-35. Firstly, IL-35 is highly expressed in some kinds of inlfammatory diseases and autoim-mune diseases and plays import roles in the pathogenesis. Secondly, IL-35 is positively expressed in some cancers and plays some roles in the process of tumor progression. Here we demonstrate the structure and the signalling of IL-35. We reviewed the the roles of IL-35 in promoting tumor progression.

Objective:To study the role of activin A in regulation of neutrophil function by detecting activin receptor expression and cellular activities.Methods:Peritoneal neutrophils were isolated in mouse.After the neutrophils were stimulated with activin A,the expression of ActRⅡA on neutrophils was examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.Expression of Smad3 in neutrophils was analyzed by Western blot.Assays of neutrophils function were performed by detecting respiratory burst, production of NO and phagocytosis.Results:The isolated cells were composed of more than 90% peritoneal neutrophils.ActRⅡA was expressed on mouse neutrophils and Gr-1/ActRⅡA double-positive cells were 41.1%.Activin A promoted Smad3 phosphorylation in neutrophils,increased the production of ROS and O2-(P<0.05),enhanced secretion of NO and phagocytosis of mouse neutrophils(P<0.01),and promoted fluorescent microsphere phagocytosis of neutrophils by flow cytometry ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusion: Activin receptor and activin signaling protein were expressed on mouse neutrophils,activin A might play an important regulatory role in activation and function of neutrophils.

Objective To explore the accuracy of ultrasound in thyroid cancer screening and the reasonable operation of thyroid carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 158 cases of thyroid carcinoma in recent three years were analyzed ret-rospectively in Yidu Central Hospital. Results The accuracy of ultrasound examination for thyroid carcinoma was more than 90%,even 98.3% combined with ultrasound contrast. Individual surgical approaches were used in this group. Half gland and isthmic portion and majority opposite side excision plus central lymph node dissection had been performed in 131 cases of patients with thyroid microcarcinoma,and lymph node metastasis rate was 19.8%(26/131). Conclusion Ultrasound and ultrasound contrast can significantly improve the detection rate of thyroid carcinoma and with high ac-curacy. It is also useful to make some judgments lymph node metastasis. Central lymph node dissection should be per-formed combining with gland excision in thyroid microcarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the memory characteristics and related factors of patients with mental retardation. Methods 73 patients with mental retardation (patient group) and 73 normal subjects (control group) matched with the patient group were respectively tested with Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition of Chinese Version (WMS-IV). Results The scores of each subtest and composite scores of WMS-IV were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (P<0.01). All the composite scores positively correlated with each other in the patient group (r=0.38-0.90, P<0.01) and in the control group (r=0.31-0.94, P<0.01). Age and education level positively correlated with all the composite scores (except the Visual Working Memory Index) in the patient group (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with mental retardation present an overall decline in memory, especially in the immediate memory. The memory function in patients is related with their ages and education levels.

The teaching methods were explored to improve the quality of medical genetic teaching for foreign students according to the common problems during the teaching process. The negative effects of communication barriers in medical genetic teaching could be reduced by interactive teaching or problem-based learning in groups,in which the ability to resolve problems by themselves could be improved. In order to improve the teaching systematicness and teaching quality,the teaching contents in class should be from simple to deep,covering genetic laws,pathogenesis,diagnosis and control measure of genetic diseases. From the perspective of practical application and combining with the construction of self-de-signed teaching textbook and cases, the quality of medical genetic teaching ultimately could be further improved.