Osteoporosis and cardiovascular calcification,two major age-related chronic diseases that China is confronting today,pose serious threats to public health.Previous studies have reported overlapping connections in the pathological processes and molecular mechanisms of these two diseases,particularly concerning inflammation,oxidative stress,and dysregulation of mineral metabolism,and that these two diseases tend to share common pathogenic factors.However,research exploring the comorbidity mechanisms of the two diseases remains limited in both depth and scope,largely due to the lack of widely accepted comorbidity animal models.Herein,we analyzed the latest research findings on the comorbidity mechanisms of vascular calcification and osteoporosis,focusing on summarizing the animal disease models currently in extensive use and the relevant evaluation criteria.We aim to provide new references for comorbidity research models and offer scientific evidence for future studies on pathological mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Objective To systematically characterizes the temporal changes in urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA)over the course of neoplastic progression using a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)model induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO).Methods A total of 65 wild-type C57BL/6 mice of 5 weeks old were randomly assigned to two groups,a 4-NQO group(n=50),which received daily administration of 100 μg/mL 4-NQO in drinking water,and a control group(n=15),which received sterile water.At 12,16,20,22,and 24 weeks,10 mice from the 4-NQO group and 3 from the control group were randomly selected,weighed,and sacrificed.Tongue tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to preliminarily assess OSCC development,and for immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate dynamic uPA expression in tongue tissues during OSCC progression.Results After 16 weeks of exposure,4-NQO-treated mice exhibited significantly lower body mass compared with that of the controls(P<0.05)and the weight loss became increasingly more pronounced over time.Histopathological changes in tongue tissues progressed in a clearly time-dependent manner—hyperplasia and mild dysplasia emerged at week 12,while moderate-to-severe dysplasia and carcinoma were observed by week 22,yielding a tumorigenic rate of 25%,which escalated to 70%by week 24.Immunofluorescence and qPCR analyses demonstrated a pronounced,progressive up-regulation of uPA expression in lesional tissues as OSCC progressed(P<0.000 1).Conclusion This study not only confirmed the uniqueness of the 4-NQO model in OSCC research,but also revealed the changes in uPA during tumor invasion.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development of early diagnosis and precision treatment strategies,holding significant potential clinical value and research importance for improving patient prognosis.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of side-to-side anastomosis(SS)and end-to-side anastomosis(ES)of the ileocolon in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy of colon cancer,so as to provide evidence-based evidence for surgical selection.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP database,Chinese BioMedical Literature database were searched from inception to November 2024 to collect relevant clinical studies of SS versus ES.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)was used to evaluate the literature quality of retrospective studies,and the Cochrane system was used to evaluate the literature quality of randomized controlled trials(RCT).Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis,sensitivity analysis,and publication bias analysis.Results 9 retrospective studies and 4 RCTs with a total of 2 632 patients were included.The Meta-analysis results of the retrospective study show that:Compared with SS,ES has a shorter tolerance time for liquid diet(MD=-0.20,95%CI:-0.40～0.00,P<0.05),fewer daily episodes of diarrhea(MD=-1.06,95%CI:-1.79～0.23,P<0.05),but a higher pain score at 12 hours post-surgery(MD=0.95,95%CI:0.50～1.40,P<0.05).Comparison of the overall complication rates of the two anastomosis methods showed no statistically significant difference((OR)=1.05,95%CI:0.22～5.14,P>0.05).Sensitivity analysis of the retrospective study shows:the incidence of ES bowel obstruction was higher than that of SS,with a statistically significant difference((OR)=2.18,95%CI:1.15～4.14,P<0.05);The sensitivity analysis of the RCT shows:the overall incidence of complications at the anastomotic site of SS was significantly higher than that of ES,with a statistically significant difference((OR)=5.26,95%CI:1.91～14.48,P<0.05),and the results of other outcome indicators did not show reversal.The analysis of publication bias risk showed no significant publication bias.Conclusion Ileocolonic ES has a slight advantage over SS in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy of colon cancer,both anastomoses are safe and effective,and the surgeon can choose the appropriate anastomosis technique according to the patient's specific situation,in order to improve the postoperative recovery.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of side-to-side anastomosis(SS)and end-to-side anastomosis(ES)of the ileocolon in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy of colon cancer,so as to provide evidence-based evidence for surgical selection.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP database,Chinese BioMedical Literature database were searched from inception to November 2024 to collect relevant clinical studies of SS versus ES.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)was used to evaluate the literature quality of retrospective studies,and the Cochrane system was used to evaluate the literature quality of randomized controlled trials(RCT).Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis,sensitivity analysis,and publication bias analysis.Results 9 retrospective studies and 4 RCTs with a total of 2 632 patients were included.The Meta-analysis results of the retrospective study show that:Compared with SS,ES has a shorter tolerance time for liquid diet(MD=-0.20,95%CI:-0.40～0.00,P<0.05),fewer daily episodes of diarrhea(MD=-1.06,95%CI:-1.79～0.23,P<0.05),but a higher pain score at 12 hours post-surgery(MD=0.95,95%CI:0.50～1.40,P<0.05).Comparison of the overall complication rates of the two anastomosis methods showed no statistically significant difference((OR)=1.05,95%CI:0.22～5.14,P>0.05).Sensitivity analysis of the retrospective study shows:the incidence of ES bowel obstruction was higher than that of SS,with a statistically significant difference((OR)=2.18,95%CI:1.15～4.14,P<0.05);The sensitivity analysis of the RCT shows:the overall incidence of complications at the anastomotic site of SS was significantly higher than that of ES,with a statistically significant difference((OR)=5.26,95%CI:1.91～14.48,P<0.05),and the results of other outcome indicators did not show reversal.The analysis of publication bias risk showed no significant publication bias.Conclusion Ileocolonic ES has a slight advantage over SS in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy of colon cancer,both anastomoses are safe and effective,and the surgeon can choose the appropriate anastomosis technique according to the patient's specific situation,in order to improve the postoperative recovery.

Objective To analyse the effect of baseline serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)level on clinical factors,pathological features and prognosis of patients with non-triple-negative breast cancer.Methods A total of 120 patients with non-triple-negative breast cancer admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the study objects.According to the TNM stage of the tumor,the stud-y objects were divided into 80 patients with TNM stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ(group A)and 40 patients with TNM stageⅢ(group B).Serum VEGF levels,clinical factors and pathological features were compared between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the optimal cut-off value of serum VEGF level in predicting stage Ⅲ breast cancer.Survival curves for overall survival and disease-free survival were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method,and comparisons were made using the Log-rank test.The effects of baseline serum VEGF levels on overall survival and disease-free survival in non-triple-negative breast cancer were investigated by multivariate Cox regression model.Results Serum VEGF,D-dimer,fibrinogen(FIB),fi-brin degradation products(FDP),cancer antigen 125(CA-125)and cancer antigen 15-3(CA15-3)in group B were significantly different from those in group A(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum VEGF in TNM stage Ⅲ of non-triple-negative breast cancer was 0.875,95％CI(0.802-0.948),P＜0.001.The levels of D-dimer,FIB,FDP,CA-125 and CA15-3 in serum VEGF≥180.40 pg/mL patients were higher than those in serum VEGF＜180.40pg/mL patients,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In patients with serum VEGF＜180.40 pg/mL,the proportion of tumor T1 stage,tumor N0 and N1 stage,TNM stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ,and Luminal type A were higher than those with serum VEGF≥180.40 pg/mL patients,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The disease-free survival rate of serum VEGF＜180.40 pg/mL patients was significantly higher than that of serum VEGF≥180.40 pg/mL patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).After correction,VEGF≥180.40 pg/mL was a risk factor for recurrence and metastasis of non-triple-negative breast cancer[HR=2.563,95％CI(1.772-3.708),P＜0.001].Conclusion High baseline VEGF levels are associated with progression of non-triple-negative breast cancer and are an influential factor in its prognosis.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab(IVR)and intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 1 100 eyes with ROP treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF at our hospital from January 2015 to June 2023 were included. According to the different therapeutic drugs, the children were divided into two groups: IVR group and IVC group. According to the degree of ROP, the patients were divided into three groups: aggressive ROP(A-ROP), Zone Ⅰ type 1 ROP and Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP. The reactivation and retreatment between the two groups were compared after propensity score matching(PSM)analysis, and they were followed-up for at least 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: In Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP, there was a statistically significant difference in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the IVR and IVC groups(P<0.05); however, in A-ROP and Zone I type 1 ROP, there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the two groups(P>0.05). The risk of reactivation and retreatment of Zone I type 1 ROP was higher than the Zone II type 1 ROP. Furthermore, the use of drugs and corrected gestational age of first treatment were influencing factors of lesion recurrence and retreatment.CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the initial cure effect between the two drugs in Zone II type 1 ROP, with the reactivation and retreatment rates of the IVC group being much lower than those of the IVR group.

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that exosomes are closely associated with liver fibrosis and mediate the process of liver fibrosis by participating in cytokine secretion, macrophage activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and hepatic stellate cell activation. This article summarizes that the resolution of liver fibrosis requires the reduction of pro-inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines, the reduction of extracellular matrix protein production, the increase of collagenase activity, and finally the loss of activated myofibroblasts. It is believed that exosomes play an important role in the treatment of liver fibrosis and are potential markers for diagnosis and treatment, and in future studies, it is necessary to improve exosome extraction techniques and standardization of treatment quantification.

Objective:To evaluate the importance of the items on dynamic behavior investigation in the expert interview for Air Force′s psychological selection of flying cadets, so as to provide the basis of optimization and improvement of expert interview platform for the selection.Methods:Flying cadet selection experts were asked to fill in the Importance Rating Scale of Items in the Psychological Selection for Flying Cadets. The content included: ①importance ranking of items; ②importance score of each item; ③capability factors investigated by each item. A descriptive analysis of the evaluation results taken from flying cadet selection experts was performed with statistical analysis software SPSS 23.0. Results:A total of 49 flying cadet selection experts participated in this evaluation, and the average time of their participation in the recruitment was 2.73 years. Imitation exercise was considered as the most important item, with the importance score of 9.04±1.58, and the difference was statistically significant as compared with other items ( P<0.01). From the evaluation results of experts, the capability factors of imitation exercise investigated included imitation, memory, acceptance, reaction, etc.. Conclusions:Most experts have reached a consensus that imitation exercise is the most important item in dynamic behavior investigation, and it is a comprehensive investigation item that can simultaneously examine many capability factors such as imitation, memory, acceptance, and reaction. The optimization and improvement of the interview platform of the psychological selection for flying cadets can focus on imitation exercise, and overcome the main problems of the expert interview platform by applying new technologies.

Objective:To evaluate the importance of the items on dynamic behavior investigation in the expert interview for Air Force′s psychological selection of flying cadets, so as to provide the basis of optimization and improvement of expert interview platform for the selection.Methods:Flying cadet selection experts were asked to fill in the Importance Rating Scale of Items in the Psychological Selection for Flying Cadets. The content included: ①importance ranking of items; ②importance score of each item; ③capability factors investigated by each item. A descriptive analysis of the evaluation results taken from flying cadet selection experts was performed with statistical analysis software SPSS 23.0. Results:A total of 49 flying cadet selection experts participated in this evaluation, and the average time of their participation in the recruitment was 2.73 years. Imitation exercise was considered as the most important item, with the importance score of 9.04±1.58, and the difference was statistically significant as compared with other items ( P<0.01). From the evaluation results of experts, the capability factors of imitation exercise investigated included imitation, memory, acceptance, reaction, etc.. Conclusions:Most experts have reached a consensus that imitation exercise is the most important item in dynamic behavior investigation, and it is a comprehensive investigation item that can simultaneously examine many capability factors such as imitation, memory, acceptance, and reaction. The optimization and improvement of the interview platform of the psychological selection for flying cadets can focus on imitation exercise, and overcome the main problems of the expert interview platform by applying new technologies.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of blood pressure variability within 24 h after thrombolysis with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and 90 d outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the Department of Neurology, Jinshan Branch, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled prospectively. The baseline data of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into sICH group and non-sICH group according to the changes of head CT and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score after thrombolysis. At 90 d after thrombolysis, the modified Rankin scale was used to evaluate the outcomes, and the patients were divided into a good outcome group (0-2) and a poor outcome group (3-6). The blood pressure within 24 h after thrombolysis was monitored and the parameters related to blood pressure variability in 5 time periods (0-2 h, 2-6 h, 6-12 h, 12-18 h, and 18-24 h) were calculated, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) maximum (max), minimum (min), maximum and minimum difference (max-min) and mean (mean). The differences between the adjacent blood pressures were calculated, the standard deviation (SD), successive variation (SV), rise successive variability (SVrise), drop successive variability (SVdrop), the maximum squared difference in blood pressure rise (SVrisemax), the maximum squared difference in blood pressure drop (SVdropmax) were calculated and recorded, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of various blood pressure variability parameters on sICH and the outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis. Results:A total of 112 patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were included in the study. Their median age was 71 years (range, 38-92 years), 66 were males (58.9%); median baseline NIHSS score was 10. Seventeen patients (15.2%) developed hemorrhagic transformation, 10 of them (8.9%) were sICH. The 90-d follow-up showed that 73 patients (65.2%) had a good outcome, 39 (34.8%) had a poor outcome and 7 of them (6.3%) died. There were significant differences in hypertension ( P=0.029), ischemic heart disease ( P=0.012), total cholesterol ( P=0.033), baseline NIHSS score ( P=0.003) between the sICH group and the non-sICH group. There were significant differences in age ( P=0.025), gender ( P=0.005), atrial fibrillation ( P=0.003), etiologic classification of stroke ( P=0.003), baseline NIHSS score ( P<0.001) and sICH ( P=0.003) between the poor outcome group and the good outcome group. In addition, there were significant differences in multiple blood pressure variability parameters among the above groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DBP SVdropmax, 6-12 h DBP SV, 12-18 h DBP SV, 6-12 h DBP SVdrop, 12-18 h DBP SVdrop were the independent risk factors for sICH after intravenous thrombolysis (all P<0.05); 2-6 h SBP SV, 2-6 h SBP SVrise, 2-6 h SBP SVdrop, 2-6 h DBP SV, 2-6 h DBP SVrise and 2-6 h DBP SVdrop were the independent risk factors for poor outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Early blood pressure and some blood pressure variability parameters are closely related to sICH and outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Closely monitoring of blood pressure and its variability can help clinical management and outcome prediction after intravenous thrombolysis.