ObjectiveHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） and GC-triple quadrupole MS（GC-QqQ-MS） in combination with non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were employed to systematically analyze the chemical composition differences of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， and establish an identification system for them. MethodsThe volatile components of 9 batches of Xihuangwan samples from 8 manufacturers were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS non-targeted metabolomics， and identified by comparing their MS data with the National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） spectral library. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to identify differential volatile components of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. Additionally， GC-QqQ-MS targeted metabolomics was applied to quantify the levels of α-pinene， β-elemene， muscone， dehydroepiandrosterone， bornyl acetate， and octyl acetate in 27 batches of samples from 9 manufacturers. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis（PCA）， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were conducted to further explore the differences in volatile components between Xihuangwan samples prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. ResultsNon-targeted metabolomics identified 291 volatile compounds in Xihuangwan， including alkanes， esters， alkanes， alcohols， ketones， naphthalenes and others. OPLS-DA analysis revealed distinct separation between Xihuangwan samples containing artificial musk（A1， C1， D1， E1， F1， G1， I1） and those containing natural musk（H1， H3）. A total of 30 differential metabolites were identified. The relative contents of these 30 differential metabolites were visualized using a radar chart， revealing significant differences in the levels of octanol， borneol acetate and muscone. Cluster analysis and PCA results from targeted metabolomics indicated that Xihuangwan could be classified into two distinct groups：one composed of natural musk（H1， H3） and the other of artificial musk， sample H2. PLS-DA identified muscone， octyl acetate， and dehydroepiandrosterone as key differential volatile components. Although no significant difference was observed in the content of octyl acetate between the two groups， statistically significant differences were found for muscone and dehydroepiandrosterone（P<0.05）. ConclusionMuscone and dehydroepiandrosterone can be used for the differentiation of Xihuangwan samples containing natural musk from those containing artificial musk. This study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the differences in the types and contents of major volatile components in Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， providing a scientific basis for quality evaluation and control of Xihuangwan.

ObjectiveHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） and GC-triple quadrupole MS（GC-QqQ-MS） in combination with non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were employed to systematically analyze the chemical composition differences of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， and establish an identification system for them. MethodsThe volatile components of 9 batches of Xihuangwan samples from 8 manufacturers were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS non-targeted metabolomics， and identified by comparing their MS data with the National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） spectral library. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to identify differential volatile components of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. Additionally， GC-QqQ-MS targeted metabolomics was applied to quantify the levels of α-pinene， β-elemene， muscone， dehydroepiandrosterone， bornyl acetate， and octyl acetate in 27 batches of samples from 9 manufacturers. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis（PCA）， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were conducted to further explore the differences in volatile components between Xihuangwan samples prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. ResultsNon-targeted metabolomics identified 291 volatile compounds in Xihuangwan， including alkanes， esters， alkanes， alcohols， ketones， naphthalenes and others. OPLS-DA analysis revealed distinct separation between Xihuangwan samples containing artificial musk（A1， C1， D1， E1， F1， G1， I1） and those containing natural musk（H1， H3）. A total of 30 differential metabolites were identified. The relative contents of these 30 differential metabolites were visualized using a radar chart， revealing significant differences in the levels of octanol， borneol acetate and muscone. Cluster analysis and PCA results from targeted metabolomics indicated that Xihuangwan could be classified into two distinct groups：one composed of natural musk（H1， H3） and the other of artificial musk， sample H2. PLS-DA identified muscone， octyl acetate， and dehydroepiandrosterone as key differential volatile components. Although no significant difference was observed in the content of octyl acetate between the two groups， statistically significant differences were found for muscone and dehydroepiandrosterone（P<0.05）. ConclusionMuscone and dehydroepiandrosterone can be used for the differentiation of Xihuangwan samples containing natural musk from those containing artificial musk. This study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the differences in the types and contents of major volatile components in Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， providing a scientific basis for quality evaluation and control of Xihuangwan.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

Objective: To analyze serological and molecular characteristics of asymptomatic HBV infection in HBV surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) blood donors from Dalian. Methods: The prevalence of HBsAg was analyzed among blood donors in Dalian between 2013 and 2022. Randomly selected HBsAg+ blood samples were subjected to HBV serological testing, HBV viral DNA quantification, and HBV genotyping. Results: Over this ten-year period, the prevalence of HBsAg decreased from 1.25% to 0.50% among blood donors in Dalian. Donors who tested positive for HBsAg prior to donation using a rapid test (RT) accounted for 92.5% of all HBsAg+ donors identified. A total of 240 confirmed HBsAg+ blood donors were randomly selected, including 125 donors with positive results and 115 with negative results in the pre-donation rapid test. HBsAg+ donors were mainly males (71.2%), with a median age of 42, and 97.5% of them being first-time donors. Based on HBV serological profiles, three stages of infection were identified: early infection (2.9%), suspected acute hepatitis (0.8%), and chronic infection (96.3%). The dominant HBV genotypes were C (68.9%) and B (28.4%). Among chronic HBV infection individuals, donors infected with HBV genotype B were older than those infected with genotype C (median age: 45y vs 38.5y, P<0.05). Additionally, they showed significantly lower HBsAg levels with a narrower distribution range than those infected with genotype C [median: 23.2 IU/mL (range: <0.05-7 910 IU/mL) vs 968 IU/mL (range: <0.05-3.4×10 ), P<0.05]. However, no significant difference was observed in the HBV DNA loads between these two genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusion: Between 2013 and 2022, the prevalence of HBsAg among blood donors in Dalian showed a year-over-year decline. Chronic infection was predominant among HBsAg+ first-time blood donors. The characteristics of chronic infection in blood donors differed significantly depending on the viral genotype, manifesting as differences in age of infected individuals and HBsAg level distribution.

Purpose To evaluate the predictive value of left atrial appendage(LAA)morphological assessment by preoperative left atrial CT imaging in the risk of peri-device leak(PDL)after left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO)in atrial fibrillation.Materials and Methods Seventy-one patients with atrial fibrillation who successfully underwent LAAO in Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2020 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of left atrial CT imaging after LAAO,all patients were divided into the PDL group(n=26)and the non-PDL group(n=45).The long diameter,short diameter,long diameter/short diameter ratio,area,perimeter of both the LAA orifice and landing area,and LAA length and LAA depth were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors leading to the differences between the two groups.Results The long diameter,long diameter/short diameter ratio,area,perimeter of both the LAA orifice and landing area in the PDL group were statistically higher than those in the non-PDL group(t/Z=4.952,-5.570,-2.912,3.191,6.757,-6.462,-3.318,3.733,all P<0.05).The LAA orifice short diameter,LAA length,LAA depth and the short diameter of landing area in the PDL group were higher than those in the non-PDL group,but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(t/Z=-1.773,1.765,1.509,-1.415,all P>0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the long diameter,long diameter/short diameter ratio,area and perimeter of LAA orifice and landing area before operation were correlated with postoperative PDL(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,the long diameter/short diameter ratio of LAA landing area was an independent risk factor for postoperative PDL.Conclusion Preoperative evaluation of the morphology of LAA orifice and landing zone by left atrial CT imaging can predict the occurrence of PDL after LAAO in atrial fibrillation in advance.When the long/short diameter of the landing area is large,it is necessary to be highly alert to the occurrence of PDL,which provides a basis for selecting and customizing the occluder before LAAO in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Purpose To explore the feasibility of coronary CT angiography to predict major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with grey zone of CT-derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR).Materials and Methods The imaging and clinical features of patients with suspected coronary heart disease who underwent coronary CT angiography examination and had a CT-FFR within 0.76-0.80 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2017 to October 2018 were retrospectively collected.The incidence of MACE after coronary CT angiography was assessed by telephone at follow-up.The Cox regression model was used for feature selection,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance.Results The study included a total of 105 subjects,with an observed incidence rate of MACE at 31.4%(33/105).Multivariate Cox regression,adjusted for relevant parameters,indicated that △CT-FFR(HR=1.217,P=0.008),pericoronary fat attenuation index(HR=1.052,P=0.029)and plaque length(HR=1.068,P=0.047)were independent risk factors of MACE,and AUC were 0.705,0.656 and 0.701,respectively.The AUC of the combined model was 0.793,its predictive ability was higher than △CT-FFR(Z=-2.001,P=0.048),pericoronary fat attenuation index(Z=-2.402,P=0.016)and plaque length(Z=-2.004,P=0.045),respectively.Conclusion △CT-FFR,pericoronary fat attenuation index and plaque length are independent risk factors for predicting MACE in patients with grey zone of CT-FFR,and the combined model has best predictive efficacy.

Objective: To investigate whether syndecan-2(SDC2) can affect the proliferation, invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating ferroptosis and its possible mechanism. Methods : Normal cervical epithelial cells H8 and cervical squamous carcinoma cells C33A were cultured and divided into H8 group and C33A group. C33A cells were cultured and divided into control group, low SDC2 expression group, SDC2+ferroptosis inhibitor(ferrostation-1) group and SDC2 + ferroptosis inducer(erastin) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of SDC2, solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4). RT-qPCR was used to detect the SDC2 mRNA level in C33A cells. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), glutathione(GSH) and ferrous ion(Fe2+) in C33A cells. The cloning ability of C33A cells was detected by plate cloning. The migration ability of C33A cells was detected by scratch test. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of C33A cells. Results : Compared with H8 group, the protein and mRNA expressions of SDC2, SLC7A11 and GPX4 in C33A group increased(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proliferation ability, migration ability and invasion ability of C33A cells in the low SDC2 group decreased(P<0.05), the protein and mRNA expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in C33A cells decreased(P<0.05), and the GSH level decreased. ROS and Fe2+levels increased(P<0.05). Compared with the low SDC2 group, the protein and mRNA expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 increased(P<0.05), the GSH level increased, and the ROS and Fe2+levels decreased(P<0.05) in the low SDC2+ferrostation-1 group. Compared with the control group, the proliferation ability, migration ability and invasion ability of C33A cells with low SDC2+erastin expression decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of SDC2 increases in C33A cervical cancer cells. Low expression of SDC2 can activate SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway mediated ferroptosis, thereby reducing the proliferation, invasion and migration of C33A cells.

Purpose To evaluate the predictive value of left atrial appendage(LAA)morphological assessment by preoperative left atrial CT imaging in the risk of peri-device leak(PDL)after left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO)in atrial fibrillation.Materials and Methods Seventy-one patients with atrial fibrillation who successfully underwent LAAO in Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2020 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of left atrial CT imaging after LAAO,all patients were divided into the PDL group(n=26)and the non-PDL group(n=45).The long diameter,short diameter,long diameter/short diameter ratio,area,perimeter of both the LAA orifice and landing area,and LAA length and LAA depth were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors leading to the differences between the two groups.Results The long diameter,long diameter/short diameter ratio,area,perimeter of both the LAA orifice and landing area in the PDL group were statistically higher than those in the non-PDL group(t/Z=4.952,-5.570,-2.912,3.191,6.757,-6.462,-3.318,3.733,all P<0.05).The LAA orifice short diameter,LAA length,LAA depth and the short diameter of landing area in the PDL group were higher than those in the non-PDL group,but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(t/Z=-1.773,1.765,1.509,-1.415,all P>0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the long diameter,long diameter/short diameter ratio,area and perimeter of LAA orifice and landing area before operation were correlated with postoperative PDL(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,the long diameter/short diameter ratio of LAA landing area was an independent risk factor for postoperative PDL.Conclusion Preoperative evaluation of the morphology of LAA orifice and landing zone by left atrial CT imaging can predict the occurrence of PDL after LAAO in atrial fibrillation in advance.When the long/short diameter of the landing area is large,it is necessary to be highly alert to the occurrence of PDL,which provides a basis for selecting and customizing the occluder before LAAO in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Purpose To explore the feasibility of coronary CT angiography to predict major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with grey zone of CT-derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR).Materials and Methods The imaging and clinical features of patients with suspected coronary heart disease who underwent coronary CT angiography examination and had a CT-FFR within 0.76-0.80 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2017 to October 2018 were retrospectively collected.The incidence of MACE after coronary CT angiography was assessed by telephone at follow-up.The Cox regression model was used for feature selection,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was plotted to evaluate the predictive performance.Results The study included a total of 105 subjects,with an observed incidence rate of MACE at 31.4%(33/105).Multivariate Cox regression,adjusted for relevant parameters,indicated that △CT-FFR(HR=1.217,P=0.008),pericoronary fat attenuation index(HR=1.052,P=0.029)and plaque length(HR=1.068,P=0.047)were independent risk factors of MACE,and AUC were 0.705,0.656 and 0.701,respectively.The AUC of the combined model was 0.793,its predictive ability was higher than △CT-FFR(Z=-2.001,P=0.048),pericoronary fat attenuation index(Z=-2.402,P=0.016)and plaque length(Z=-2.004,P=0.045),respectively.Conclusion △CT-FFR,pericoronary fat attenuation index and plaque length are independent risk factors for predicting MACE in patients with grey zone of CT-FFR,and the combined model has best predictive efficacy.