ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological features of patients with comorbidities of chronic hepatitis B （CHB） and steatotic liver disease （SLD）， to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on the risk of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver diseases （ESLD）， and to provide a basis for the clinical management of such population. MethodsA total of 668 adult patients with CHB-SLD confirmed by liver biopsy in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2011 to December 2019 were enrolled， and a retrospective cohort was established with the time of liver biopsy as the baseline and the onset of ESLD as the endpoint. All patients were followed up to March 31， 2024. Propensity score matching （PSM） was performed at a ratio of 1∶4 to balance baseline features between groups， resulting in 82 patients in the hyperglycemia group and 281 in the non-hyperglycemia group. The two groups were compared in terms of metabolic profiles， laboratory markers， and histopathological features. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed quantitative data between two groups. The chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for advanced fibrosis （AF）， and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional-hazards regression model were used to determine the influencing factors for the development of ESLD. ResultsCompared with the non-hyperglycemia group， the hyperglycemia group had a significantly higher number of factors for metabolic disorders， a significantly higher degree of hepatic steatosis， and a significantly higher detection rate of AF （all P<0.05）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperglycemia was a risk factor for AF （odds ratio = 1.753， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.017　—　3.023， P=0.043）. The survival analysis showed that hyperglycemia increased the risk of ESLD （χ²=4.340， P=0.037）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that hyperglycemia was a significant metabolic risk factor for ESLD in patients with AF （adjusted hazard ratio=3.208， 95%CI： 1.201　—　8.568， P=0.020）. ConclusionHyperglycemia can increase the risk of AF and ESLD in CHB-SLD patients. Clinical monitoring and active management should be strengthened for patients who have already developed AF and hyperglycemia.

In order to establish a competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunoassay for rapid and quantitative detection of Senecavirus A antibodies,the polystyrene plate was coated with inactivated Senecavirus A antigen,and the monoclonal antibodies against Senecavirus A VP2 and VP3 proteins labeled by horseradish peroxidase(HRP)were used as the competitive enzymic anti-bodies of the antibodies in the serum samples.The standard curve of the calibrator prepared by di-lution of positive serum was drawn to achieve quantitative detection.The successfully established SVA competitive CLEIA reported the result within 45 minutes.The maximum dilution of 1∶2 048 for calibrator serum was still detectable with no cross-reaction with the standard positive serum of other five kinds of virus antigens such as foot-and-mouth disease.The coefficient of variation within batches was less than 10％,and the coefficient of variation between batches was less than 15％,which showed good repeatability and stability.The positive and negative coincidence rates were 95.30％and 97.57％,respectively,and the total coincidence rate was 96.88％,showing high consistency.The SVA competitive CLEIA assay established in this study can be used for the rapid quantitative detection of Senecavirus A antibodies,filling the gap in the domestic rapid quantitative detection of SVA antibodies.

Objective To establish a reversed-phase HPLC method for determining three stereoisomers in baloxavir marboxil and provide a basis for the quality specification of baloxavir marboxil.Methods The chromatographic column was CHIRALPAK IC-3(4.6 mm × 150 mm,3 μm),The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1％formic acid aqueous solution-isopropanol(35:50:15).The column temperature was 40 ℃.The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1.The injection volume was 10 μL.The detection wavelength was 259 nm.Result The isomer peaks were completely separated from the principal component peak.The detection limits for stereoisomers 1,2 and 3 were 0.024 7,0.038 7,0.038 1 μg·mL-1 respectively.The quantitation limits for stereoisomers 1,2 and 3 were 0.049 4,0.077 3,0.076 1 μg·mL-1 respectively.There were good linear relationships between the concentrations and peak area within the ranges of the study,and the linearity concentration ranges of stereoisomers 1,2 and 3 were 0.049 5-0.989 0 μg·mL-1,0.051 6-1.031 0 μg·mL-1,0.050 8-1.015 0 μg·mL-1 respectively.The linear correlation coefficients were 0.999 4.The recovery was 92.28％-103.90％.The sample solution was stable in 48 h at room temperature.Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable for determining stereoisomers in baloxavir marboxil,and provide a guideline of quality standards of baloxavir marboxil and safety evalution.

Objective To establish a reversed-phase HPLC method for determining three stereoisomers in baloxavir marboxil and provide a basis for the quality specification of baloxavir marboxil.Methods The chromatographic column was CHIRALPAK IC-3(4.6 mm × 150 mm,3 μm),The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1％formic acid aqueous solution-isopropanol(35:50:15).The column temperature was 40 ℃.The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1.The injection volume was 10 μL.The detection wavelength was 259 nm.Result The isomer peaks were completely separated from the principal component peak.The detection limits for stereoisomers 1,2 and 3 were 0.024 7,0.038 7,0.038 1 μg·mL-1 respectively.The quantitation limits for stereoisomers 1,2 and 3 were 0.049 4,0.077 3,0.076 1 μg·mL-1 respectively.There were good linear relationships between the concentrations and peak area within the ranges of the study,and the linearity concentration ranges of stereoisomers 1,2 and 3 were 0.049 5-0.989 0 μg·mL-1,0.051 6-1.031 0 μg·mL-1,0.050 8-1.015 0 μg·mL-1 respectively.The linear correlation coefficients were 0.999 4.The recovery was 92.28％-103.90％.The sample solution was stable in 48 h at room temperature.Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable for determining stereoisomers in baloxavir marboxil,and provide a guideline of quality standards of baloxavir marboxil and safety evalution.

Dental stem cells(DSCs),a distinct subset of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),are isola-ted from dental tissues,such as dental pulp,exfoliated deciduous teeth,periodontal ligament,and apical papilla.They have emerged as a promising source of stem cell therapy for tissue regeneration and autoim-mune disorders.The main types of DSCs include dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs),stem cells from hu-man exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED),periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs),and stem cells from apical papilla(SC AP).Each type exhibits distinct advantages:easy access via minimally invasive procedures,multi-lineage differentiation potential,and excellent ethical acceptability.DSCs have demon-strated outstanding clinical efficacy in oral and maxillofacial regeneration,and their long-term safety has been verified.In oral tissue regeneration,DSCs are highly effective in oral tissue regeneration for critical applications such as the restoration of dental pulp vitality and periodontal tissue repair.A defining advan-tage of DSCs lies in their ability to integrate with host tissues and promote physiological regeneration,which render them a better option for oral tissue regenerative therapies.Beyond oral applications,DSCs also exhibit promising potential in the treatment of systemic diseases,including type Ⅱ diabetes and au-toimmune diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects.Moreover,extracellular vesicles(EVs)de-rived from DSCs act as critical mediators for DSCs' paracrine functions.Possessing regulatory properties similar to their parental cells,EVs are extensively utilized in research targeting tissue repair,immuno-modulation,and regenerative therapy—offering a"cell-free"strategy to mitigate the limitations associated with cell-based therapies.Despite these advancements,standardizing large-scale manufacturing,maintai-ning strict quality control,and clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of DSCs and their EVs with recipient tissues remain major obstacles to the clinical translation of these treatments into broad clinical use.Addressing these barriers will be critical to enhancing their clinical applicability and therapeutic efficacy.In conclusion,DSCs and their EVs represent a transformative approach in re-generative medicine,and increasing clinical evidence supports their application in oral and systemic diseases.Continuous innovation remains essential to unlocking the widespread clinical potential of DSCs.

Objective To compare six existing Chinese standards related to visual disability,including Disability Assessment and Code for Life Insurance(Insurance Standard),Specification for Ability Assessment of Older Adults(Elderly Stan-dard),Grading of Disability due to Human Body Injury(Judicial Standard),Standard for Identify Work Ability—Gradation of Disability Caused by Work-related Injuries and Occupational Diseases(Work Injury Standard),Standard for Assessment of Disability Grades of Military Personnel(Military Standard),and Classification and Grading Criteria of Disability(Disability Classification Standard).Methods Based on the theoretical framework of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)and International Classification of Diseases,the 11th Revision(ICD-11),and with reference to World Report on Vision(WRV),this study analyzed and compared five key dimensions of visual disability across the six stan-dards:definition,classification,grading,assessment methods and coding systems.Results In terms of definition,the insurance,work injury,military,and disability classification standards emphasized vi-sual structure and function,focusing on visual acuity and visual field;the insurance and elderly standards incor-porated activities and participation,reflecting the concept of functional vision;the judicial standard lacked a dedi-cated definition of visual disability.In terms of grading,each standard graded visual disability into different lev-els acoording to different functional indicators.In terms of coding,only the insurance standard adopted the ICF framework,while others used non-ICF numeric codes or lacked standardized coding.In terms of assessment tools,the elderly standard employed a customized perceptual and participation scoring system,while others re-lied primarily on vision charts.Conclusion Most current Chinese standards focus on impairments in visual function,with limited attention to activity limitations and participation restrictions.It is needed for incorporating the concept of functional vision,aligned with ICF and WRV,to establish a unified conceptual framework,terminology,coding system for visual disability,and comprehensive assessments that reflect not only impairments but also the impact on daily functioning and en-vironmental interaction.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, primarily involving the colon and rectum. Characterized by recurrent episodes and prolonged disease course, UC requires dynamic monitoring and evaluation. Current commonly used methods for disease monitoring and assessment include C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin (FC), and colonoscopy. However, CRP lacks specificity, FC fails to effectively differentiate UC from Crohn's disease, while colonoscopy involves complex bowel preparation, is invasive, and suffers from poor patient compliance. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to identify non-invasive biological markers with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and evaluation of UC. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies hold significant value in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and disease assessment of UC, potentially emerging as an important clinical biomarker. This article reviews the research progress of anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies in UC for reference.

Objective To identify potential biomarkers for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)using proteomics and transcriptomics data.Methods In this study,the proteomics dataset(PXD046630)and two transcriptomics datasets(GSE60436 and GSE102485)were derived from the aqueous humor samples and fibrovascular membranes of PDR patients,respectively.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified via R software,specifically the limma and edgeR pack-ages.The shared DEGs between PXD046630 and GSE60436 were analyzed via protein-protein interaction(PPI),Gene On-tology(GO)enrichment,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.The key DEGs were validated in GSE102485 via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.A quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assay was used to confirm the mRNA of these candidate biomarkers in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs)cultured in high glucose and low oxygen conditions.Results A total of 59 shared DEGs and 26 hub genes were identified from the PXD046630 and GSE60436 datasets.KEGG analysis revealed that six pathways,inclu-ding extracellular matrix-receptor interaction,proteoglycans in cancer,and complement and coagulation cascades,were enriched in 12 key DEGs.Fibronectin 1(FN1),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3(TIMP3),complement factor H(CFH),decorin(DCN),and lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2(LRP2)were identified as potential biomarkers on the basis of their AUC values being greater than 0.900(CI≥95％).The mRNA expression levels of FN1,CFH,and LRP2 were significantly increased in HRMECs cultured in high glucose and low oxygen conditions.Conclusion FN1,CFH,and LRP2 are potential biomarkers for PDR,and further studies are needed to explore their roles and therapeutic potential in PDR.

Objective To investigate the application value of clinical-radiomics nomogram in predicting the expression of liver kinase B1(LKB1)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)before surgery.Methods A total of 140 NSCLC patients were randomized into training group(n=106)and validation group(n=34)according to the ratio of 7∶3.The training group was used as the study cohort to screen the clinically independent predictors and radiomics characteristics related to LKB1 expression,and the clinical model,radiomics model and clinical-radiomics nomogram model were constructed,respectively.The predictive performance of the three models was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve in the training group,and validated in the validation group.The calibration curve was used to assess the consistency between the predicted results of nomogram model and the actual observations,and the decision curve was used to evaluate the clinical benefit of the nomogram model.Results The clinical model consisted of pathological type and hilal/mediastinal lymphadenopathy,the radiomics model consisted of Radiomics score(Radscore),and the nomogram model consisted of Radscore,pathological type and hilal/mediastinal lymphadenopathy.In the training group,the area under the curve(AUC)of the nomogram model,radiomics model and clinical model was 0.884,0.843 and 0.788,respectively.In the validation group,the AUC of the three models were 0.976,0.851,and 0.912,respectively.The calibration curve analysis showed good consis-tency between the predicted results of nomogram model and the actual observations,and the decision curve showed that the model had good clinical benefit.Conclusion Radiomics combined with clinical risk factors can effectively predict the expression of LKB1 in NSCLC patients before surgery,so as to contribute to the formulation of therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore and evaluate the optimization and application of case-based learning (CBL) in the reform practice for integrated curriculum of the digestive system.Methods:The 174 undergraduate students majoring in eight-year clinical medicine enrolled in 2019 at the Peking University Health Science Center were selected as research objects. CBL was used in the integration and optimization of the digestive system curriculum. These included increasing class hours, selecting disease modules, lesson preparation involving multi-disciplinary teachers, and joint teaching. Upon completion of teaching, a comprehensive evaluation of teaching effectiveness was conducted through questionnaires administrated to teachers and students, feedback from supervision experts, and scores of students. SPSS 21.0 was used for the t-test and a reliability analysis was conducted on the questionnaire results. Results:Teachers, students, and supervision experts were highly satisfied with CBL. More than 95% of teachers believed that joint teaching facilitated the sharing of diverse professional knowledge among teachers, enhanced the in-depth instruction of imaging knowledge, promoted the transformation of teaching ideas, and improved teaching ability. More than 70% of students agreed that joint teaching deepened their understanding of diseases, stimulated learning interest, and established a theoretical foundation for clinical practice. The average score of class performance was (47.60±2.41) points (a total score of 50 points). The answers of students to case-based questions in final exams were satisfactory. The average score of final evaluation was (82.24±8.82) points.Conclusions:The optimization and application of CBL in the integrated curriculum of the digestive system is highly accepted by teachers and students. This method improves the interest of learning and facilitates the establishment of overall medical thinking and clinical thinking in students.