Drug administration via hollow microneedles (HMN) have the advantages of painlessness, avoidance of first-pass effect, capability of sustained infusion, and no need for professional personnel operation. In addition, HMN can also be applied in the fields of body fluid extraction and biosensors, showing broad application prospects. However, traditional manufacturing technologies cannot meet the demand for low-cost mass production of HMN, limiting its widespread application. This paper reviews the main manufacturing technologies used for HMN in recent years, which include photolithography and etching, laser etching, sputtering and electroplating, micro-molding, three-dimensional (3D) printing and drawing lithography. It further analyzes the characteristics and limitations of existing manufacturing technologies and points out that the combination of various manufacturing technologies can improve production efficiency to a certain extent. In addition, this paper looks forward to the future trends of HMN manufacturing technology and proposes possible directions for its development. In conclusion, it is expected that this review can provide new ideas and references for follow-up research.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Needles ; Humans ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Equipment Design ; Microinjections/methods*

Objective To explore the feasibility of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers for radiation-induced intestinal injury. Methods Mice were exposed to 15 Gy of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays to the abdominal area. The pathological changes in intestinal tissues were analyzed at 72 h post-irradiation to confirm the successful establishment of the radiation-induced intestinal injury model. Real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to detect the expression of candidate radiation-responsive lncRNAs in the jejunum, jejunal crypts, colon tissues, and plasma of irradiated mice. Human intestinal epithelial cell line HIEC-6 and human colon epithelial cell line NCM460 were exposed to 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays. The expression levels of candidate lncRNAs were measured at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h post-irradiation to observe their changes with the irradiation dose. Results Pathological analysis showed that abdominal irradiation with 15 Gy successfully established an acute radiation-induced intestinal injury mouse model. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Dino, Lncpint, Meg3, Dnm3os, Trp53cor1, Pvt1, and Neat1 were significantly upregulated following the occurrence of radiation-induced intestinal injury (P < 0.05). Among them, Meg3 and Dnm3os in mouse plasma were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while Gas5 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). In HIEC-6 and NCM460 cells, the expression levels of DINO, MEG3, DNM3OS, and GAS5 showed dose-dependent patterns at certain time points (P < 0.05). Conclusion The lncRNAs encoded by MEG3, DNM3OS, and GAS5 in intestinal epithelial cells are responsive to ionizing radiation. Consistent differential expression changes were detected in mouse plasma and intestinal tissues, indicating their potential as biomarkers for radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Objective To investigate an automated pretreatment technology for detecting levels of free silica in workplace dust. Methods An fully automated pretreatment workstation for detecting free silica levels in workplace dust was developed by integrating graphite-controlled digestion temperature, online-controlled dilution of digestion solutions, and filtration endpoint recognition based on monitoring technology, combined with multi-channel synchronous measurements. Results The fully automatic pretreatment workstation was used to digest and filter 14 standard samples of free silica produced by three institutions, and then detected by pyrophosphate method. The result range of high-, medium-, and low-level free silica standard samples detection was 66.5%-84.8%, 40.0%-44.5%, and 2.1%-24.8%, respectively. The mean relative standard deviations were 3.9%, 1.4% and 1.5%. Conclusion The fully automated pretreatment workstation produced results that met relevant requirements. It can effectively replace the manual digestion and filtration steps of the pyrophosphate method to measure free silica levels in workplace dust and enable rapid detection of free silica in dust samples.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of 3D-Slicer printed guide-assisted percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) of the trigeminal ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN).Methods:A total of 100 patients with TN admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at the People′s Hospital of Fuyang from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group underwent conventional PBC, while the study group received 3D-Slicer printed guide-assisted PBC. The two groups were compared in terms of operation time, number of punctures, puncture time, number of mobile X-ray exposures, first-attempt success rate, immediate postoperative Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity score, and incidence of complications.Results:The study group showed significantly shorter operation time, fewer punctures, shorter puncture time, and fewer mobile X-ray exposures compared to the control group (all P<0.05). The first-attempt success rate was also higher in the study group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the postoperative BNI pain intensity scores or complication rates between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:3D-Slicer printed guide-assisted PBC for TN significantly shortens operation and puncture time, reduces the number of punctures and mobile X-ray exposures, and improves the first-attempt success rate, making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between graduate students' source information and their destinations as well as the potential influencing factors, and to provide a reference for employment guidance for graduate students.Methods:A total of 9 599 entries of 2019-2023 graduate students' source information and destinations were exported from the Chongqing smart employment platform for college graduates. With the use of SPSS software, we performed chi-square tests for contingency tables, and further confirmed the detected statistically significant factors through multinomial logistic regression analysis.Results:There were significant differences in the destinations of graduate students of different ages, training types, and source origins (all P<0.001). Students from the western region accounted for 80.82%(7 758/9 599) of the whole population, indicating that the western region was the major student source of the university. The destinations of the graduate students were concentrated in the western region [82.32% (7 902/9 599)], radiating to the eastern region [10.77% (1 034/9 599)] and central region [6.02% (578/9 599)]. According to the multinomial logistic regression analysis, compared with the students aged 21-25 years, the likelihoods of those aged 26-30 years choosing the central region and the eastern region as their destinations were 0.631 times and 0.813 times, respectively; and the likelihood of the students aged 31-35 years choosing the eastern region was 0.633 times. Professional graduate students were 0.678, 0.806, 0.257, and 0.447 times as likely as academic graduate students to choose the central region, the eastern region, the northeastern region, and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and other regions, respectively. Conclusions:The destinations of graduate students differ regionally by source origin and age bracket. Compared with academic graduate students, professional graduate students have greater regional mobility.

Objective:To construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the clinical usability of clinical nursing information systems from the perspective of nurses, providing a basis for the improvement of clinical nursing information systems.Methods:Using an integrated model, this study employed both quantitative research through systematic reviews and qualitative research via Meta-integration methods to preliminarily construct the index system. Expert consultations were conducted to modify and refine the index system. The final version of the evaluation index system for clinical nursing information systems' usability, based on the users' perspective, was established.Results:A total of 20 experts in the field of nursing information were included in this study. The response rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 100% and 85%, respectively. The authority coefficients were 0.878 and 0.886, and the Kendall harmony coefficients for the importance and rationality scores of the indices in the two rounds of expert consultation ranged from 0.182 to 0.231 ( P<0.05). The final evaluation index system included four primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 37 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The developed evaluation index system for the clinical usability of clinical nursing information systems from the user's perspective is scientific, reliable, advanced, and practical. It effectively reflects the key aspects of nurses' evaluations of clinical nursing information systems and provides a foundation for promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of clinical nursing information systems.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between graduate students' source information and their destinations as well as the potential influencing factors, and to provide a reference for employment guidance for graduate students.Methods:A total of 9 599 entries of 2019-2023 graduate students' source information and destinations were exported from the Chongqing smart employment platform for college graduates. With the use of SPSS software, we performed chi-square tests for contingency tables, and further confirmed the detected statistically significant factors through multinomial logistic regression analysis.Results:There were significant differences in the destinations of graduate students of different ages, training types, and source origins (all P<0.001). Students from the western region accounted for 80.82%(7 758/9 599) of the whole population, indicating that the western region was the major student source of the university. The destinations of the graduate students were concentrated in the western region [82.32% (7 902/9 599)], radiating to the eastern region [10.77% (1 034/9 599)] and central region [6.02% (578/9 599)]. According to the multinomial logistic regression analysis, compared with the students aged 21-25 years, the likelihoods of those aged 26-30 years choosing the central region and the eastern region as their destinations were 0.631 times and 0.813 times, respectively; and the likelihood of the students aged 31-35 years choosing the eastern region was 0.633 times. Professional graduate students were 0.678, 0.806, 0.257, and 0.447 times as likely as academic graduate students to choose the central region, the eastern region, the northeastern region, and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and other regions, respectively. Conclusions:The destinations of graduate students differ regionally by source origin and age bracket. Compared with academic graduate students, professional graduate students have greater regional mobility.

Objective:To construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the clinical usability of clinical nursing information systems from the perspective of nurses, providing a basis for the improvement of clinical nursing information systems.Methods:Using an integrated model, this study employed both quantitative research through systematic reviews and qualitative research via Meta-integration methods to preliminarily construct the index system. Expert consultations were conducted to modify and refine the index system. The final version of the evaluation index system for clinical nursing information systems' usability, based on the users' perspective, was established.Results:A total of 20 experts in the field of nursing information were included in this study. The response rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 100% and 85%, respectively. The authority coefficients were 0.878 and 0.886, and the Kendall harmony coefficients for the importance and rationality scores of the indices in the two rounds of expert consultation ranged from 0.182 to 0.231 ( P<0.05). The final evaluation index system included four primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 37 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The developed evaluation index system for the clinical usability of clinical nursing information systems from the user's perspective is scientific, reliable, advanced, and practical. It effectively reflects the key aspects of nurses' evaluations of clinical nursing information systems and provides a foundation for promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of clinical nursing information systems.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of 3D-Slicer printed guide-assisted percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) of the trigeminal ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN).Methods:A total of 100 patients with TN admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at the People′s Hospital of Fuyang from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group underwent conventional PBC, while the study group received 3D-Slicer printed guide-assisted PBC. The two groups were compared in terms of operation time, number of punctures, puncture time, number of mobile X-ray exposures, first-attempt success rate, immediate postoperative Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity score, and incidence of complications.Results:The study group showed significantly shorter operation time, fewer punctures, shorter puncture time, and fewer mobile X-ray exposures compared to the control group (all P<0.05). The first-attempt success rate was also higher in the study group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the postoperative BNI pain intensity scores or complication rates between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:3D-Slicer printed guide-assisted PBC for TN significantly shortens operation and puncture time, reduces the number of punctures and mobile X-ray exposures, and improves the first-attempt success rate, making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To explore the relationship between androgen level and adverse pregnancy outcome of pregnant women at advanced maternal age.Methods A total of 192 pregnant women who were admitted to Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital for delivery from May to October 2022 were selected as the study objects.According to guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and maternal age,the study objects were divided into simple pregnant women at advanced maternal age group,pregnant women at advanced maternal age complicated with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy,healthy control group and age-appropriate pregnant women complicated with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group.Serum levels of five androgens[total testosterone(TT),sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG),free testosterone index(FTI),dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)and androstendi-one(A2)]in each group were detected by chemiluminescence method.Results Compared with the healthy control group,TT,A2,FTI were significantly increased and SHBG was significantly decreased in the age-ap-propriate pregnant women complicated with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group,the level of DHEAS was decreased in the simple pregnant women at advanced maternal age group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TT was negatively correla-ted with age(P＜0.05),positively correlated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and body mass index(P＜0.05),and had no correlation with offspring sex and offspring weight(P＞0.05).Multivari-ate Logistic regression analysis showed that TT and body mass index were independent risk factors for hyper-tensive disorder complicating pregnancy in pregnant women(P＜0.05).Conclusion The level of androgen in pregnant women at advanced maternal age is related to the occurrence of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.