Drug administration via hollow microneedles (HMN) have the advantages of painlessness, avoidance of first-pass effect, capability of sustained infusion, and no need for professional personnel operation. In addition, HMN can also be applied in the fields of body fluid extraction and biosensors, showing broad application prospects. However, traditional manufacturing technologies cannot meet the demand for low-cost mass production of HMN, limiting its widespread application. This paper reviews the main manufacturing technologies used for HMN in recent years, which include photolithography and etching, laser etching, sputtering and electroplating, micro-molding, three-dimensional (3D) printing and drawing lithography. It further analyzes the characteristics and limitations of existing manufacturing technologies and points out that the combination of various manufacturing technologies can improve production efficiency to a certain extent. In addition, this paper looks forward to the future trends of HMN manufacturing technology and proposes possible directions for its development. In conclusion, it is expected that this review can provide new ideas and references for follow-up research.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Needles ; Humans ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Equipment Design ; Microinjections/methods*

Living systematic review (LSR) is a systematic review methodology that incorporates regular updates to integrate new evidence, aiming to rapidly reflect the latest research findings. Although LSRs are increasingly adopted in clinical fields, their reporting quality remains inconsistent and lack of standardized guidelines. To standardize LSR reporting, the PRISMA 2020 statement has released an extension checklist (PRISMA-LSR). This paper describes the background of PRISMA-LSR release and main revisions, and interprets it with examples, with the goal of guiding future LSR research and enhancing reporting quality.

Objective: To assess the presence of vector-borne pathogens [including Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Plasmodium (PLAS)] among voluntary blood donors in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (referred to as Wenshan), so as to provide a basis for formulating blood safety-related strategies. Methods: Blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Wenshan from June to August 2022 to 2024 were selected. Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to test 20 426 samples for ZIKV RNA, DENV RNA, and CHIKV RNA; and 19 765 samples were tested for PLAS DNA. Results: All 20 426 samples tested for ZIKV RNA, DENV RNA, and CHIKV RNA were negative; similarly, all 19 765 samples tested for PLAS DNA were negative. Conclusion: The risk of ZIKV, DENV, CHIKV, and PLAS infection among voluntary blood donors in Wenshan is relatively low. Routine surveillance for these pathogens as endemic diseases is not currently warranted. It is recommended to adjust the screening strategy based on the dynamic situation of local epidemiology control and prevention.

Objective To observe the cervical elasticity of healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups and different stages of menstrual cycle with E-Cervix imaging technology.Methods A total of 218 healthy adult nulliparous women who underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination for routine physical examination were retrospectively enrolled,including 103 in follicular phase,78 in ovulation phase and 37 in luteal phase.Cervical canal length(CL)and E-Cervix elasticity parameters were compared among different age groups and different stages of menstrual cycle,including elasticity contrast index(ECI),hardness ratio(HR),cervical internal and external orifice strain values(IOS and EOS)and IOS/EOS ratio.Results No significant difference of CL nor cervical elasticity parameters was detected among healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups(all P＞0.05).There were significant differences of ECI,HR and IOS among different menstrual cycle stages(all P＜0.05),among which women in follicular phase had higher ECI and IOS but lower HR than those in luteal phase(all P＜0.05).Conclusion No significant difference of cervical elasticity existed among healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups.Meanwhile,cervical elasticity of healthy adult nulliparous women changed during menstrual cycle,in follicular phase had higher ECI and IOS but lower HR than in luteal phase.

【Objective】 To study the effect of air inlet modes on the temperature variation, fluctuation, uniformity and coefficient of variation(CV), so as to evaluate the stability and uniformity of the temperature field in refrigerated warehouse for blood. 【Methods】 The temperature changes of blood refrigerated warehouse under different modes of air inlet during compressor operation were analyzed. The stability of the temperature field in the storehouse was evaluated by the changes, fluctuation, uniformity, CV and deviation of temperature at each testing point. 【Results】 The average value of temperature in the storehouse, adopting air inlet via straight blow, was (4.98±0.92)℃, while that of air inlet via micro-hole mode was(4.15±0.25)℃, with significant differences between each other(P<0.05). As to the CV of temperature, air inlet via straight blow was significantly different from that via micro hole(P<0.01). The fluctuation, uniformity and deviation of temperature created by straight blow and micro hole were 1.85±1.11 vs 0.49±0.38, 1.00±0.68 vs 0.47±0.37, and 0.61±0.45 vs 0.27±0.21, respectively, with significant differences between each other(P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Compared with straight blow, the mean temperature created by micro hole was closer to the median value (4℃) of the temperature range, i. e.(4±2)℃, during blood storage. Otherwise, micro hole demonstrated a smaller CV of temperature, and superior performance in fluctuation, uniformity and deviation of the temperature at the testing points, which was conducive to ensure the stability of storehouse temperature field.

Objective:Toanalyze the risk factor of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) unplanned extubation among digestive system cancer patients after surgery so as to provide a nursing basis for prevention of unplanned extubation.Methods:From January 2015 to July 2018, we collected the data of digestive system cancerpatients with surgery and PICC at a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Beijing by convenience sampling, and counted the incidence of unplanned extubation in 1 011 patients and carried out the single factor analysis as well as multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the risk factor.Results:A total of 1 011 patients were included, and 71 cases of them were with unplanned extubation after surgery along with 7.02% for the incidence. Single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between normal extubation and unplanned extubation patients in the patient's age, tumor pathological status, catheter type, Whipple's operation, and persistent fever after surgery with statistical differences ( P<0.01) . Logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of PICC unplanned extubation of digestive system cancer patients after surgery were the patient's age, tumor pathological status, Whipple's operation and persistent fever after surgery ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:We should pay attention to the standardized management of PICC and perform regular maintenance well. We also should deal persistent fever patients after surgery with great care and find out reasons so as to avoidblindextubation.

Objective:To deeply understand the causes of poor compliance with out-of-hospital disease self-management behaviors in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities, and provide a scientific basis for targeted interventions.Methods:Totally 14 patients who were diagnosed with DVT of the lower extremities, self-managed for 6 months outside the hospital and showed poor compliance in a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Beijing from August 2018 to April 2019 were selected for semi-structured interviews using phenomenological methods. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step analysis.Results:The two themes of medical behavior management and health behavior management were refined; the causes of poor compliance were: lack of knowledge on systematic prevention and treatment of thrombosis, poor communication between doctors and patients and weak family and social support.Conclusions:The out-of-hospital disease self-management of patients with DVT of the lower extremities is poor. Doctors and nurses should strengthen health education from systematic knowledge of thrombosis treatment, enhance communication between doctors and patients, strengthen family social support, implement re-examination and non-compliance behavior supervision, and improve self-management behavior compliance outside the hospital.

Objective? To explore the relevant factors of intravenous infusion among thyroid disease patients after operation. Methods? From June to December 2017, we selected 600 thyroid disease patients with operation in Peking Union Medical College Hospital by convenience sampling. We analyzed the intravenous therapy aims, rates of infusion and influencing factors of intravenous therapy among patients after thyroid operation. SPSS 21.0 was used to data analysis. Results The main aims of intravenous therapy after thyroid operation were the calcium supplement and to reduce local edema. The rate of infusion was 14.67% (88/600) one day after operation. Single factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in intravenous infusion among patients after thyroid operation with history of thyroid operation and neck dissection or not, different extents of lymph node dissection as well as operation (P＜ 0.05). Logistic regression was used by taking intravenous infusion as the dependent variable and taking variables with statistical differences in single factor analysis as independent variables. The results showed that the influencing factors of intravenous infusion among patients after thyroid operation included being with history of thyroid operation or not, different extents of lymph node dissection as well as operation. Conclusions? Intravenous infusion among patients after thyroid operation may be related to be with history of thyroid operation or not, different extents of lymph node dissection as well as operation. Medical staff should make clear the aims of intravenous therapy and make suitable plans for intravenous infusion therapy to reduce the incidence of complications and improve nursing quality.

Objective To investigate the effects of different target blood glucose control on postoperative complications during fasting after abdominal surgery by Meta-analysis. Methods From January 1990 to May 2016 the computer retrieval of related Chinese and foreign literature into surgery during the fasting blood glucose control in different range of patients, were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, from two independent data extraction and document evaluation. Meta-analysis using RevMan5.3 software. Results A total of 6 articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that after abdominal surgery during the fasting of different target blood glucose control on the incidence of hypoglycemia, the incidence of postoperative complications of surgical incision infection after operation, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), However, there was no significant difference in postoperative mortality rate (P>0.05). Conclusions After abdominal surgery in patients with intensive glycemic control during the fasting ,value at the lower range (4.4-6.1mmol/L) can effectively reduce the incision infection and the incidence of postoperative complications, is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients, but increase the risk of hypoglycemia, and it has little effect on the mortality of patients during hospitalization. The control group included blood glucose range is too large or lack of continuity and included in the study Chinese literature is too small, leads to a limitation of the research, the analysis results still need more clinical nursing practice and a large number of high quality documents to support.

Objective: To summarize the postoperative nursing experience of 1 patient with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with superior mesenteric vein resection and artificial vascular reconstruction. Methods: The nursing measures included: paying attention to anticoagulation treatment and observing its effect, strengthening pain management, giving nutritional support, pertinent nursing care for gastroparesis, guiding quantitative respiratory treatment for patient, preventing the lack of trace elements during jejunitas. Results: Through active and effective nursing, the patients were discharged smoothly forty-seven days after operation. Conclusions Through nursing of 1 patient with pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatoduodenectomy combined with superior mesenteric vein resection and artificial vascular reconstruction after surgery, nurses can improve the nursing skills and nursing observation ability, as well as the theoretical basis and practical experience for the future clinical work.