Objective To investigate the status of self‐management of blood pressure (BP) among elderly hypertensive patients living in new rural communities of Shanghai. Methods We enrolled a total of 2 241 hypertensive patients over 60 years old who participated in the National Key Research and Development Project "Cohort study on hypertension" of the 13th Five‐Year Plan in Langxia, Shanghai from May to July 2018. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were conducted. We collected participants' demographic information, cardiovascular history, and self‐management behaviors related to hypertension. The status of self‐management of BP among participants with hypertension was analyzed. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to explore the differences between males and females. Results Participants'mean age was (70.0±6.8) years, and males accounted for 38.8% of all participants. The systolic and diastolic BP levels of participants were (147.8±15.4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and (82.8±9.8) mmHg, respectively. The systolic blood pressure level of women was higher than that of men, and the diastolic blood pressure level of men was higher; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 79.0%, 78.0%, and 25.6%, respectively. Males had a significantly higher control rate than females (P<0.05). The status of self‐management of blood pressure was as follows: (1) As to lifestyle, 84.4% of participants lacked exercise, and 69.2% were overweight or obese. The prevalence of smoking and drinking was higher in males (40.7% and 46.2%, respectively), and the proportion of females (12.4%) with anxiety and/or depression was higher than that of males (P all<0.001). (2) Concerning BP‐monitoring, only 10.1% of participants measured BP every week, 22.9% had BP measurement instruments at home, and 4.6% recorded their BP levels. There was no significant difference in self‐blood pressure monitoring behavior between men and women. (3) Regarding adherence to medication treatment, 97.6% took antihypertensive drugs regularly, and 21.6% were on combination therapy. The proportion of men taking combined drugs was higher than that of women, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in elderly hypertensive patients in new rural communities of Shanghai were above the national average. However, the status of self‐management of BP was still not satisfactory. More attention should be paid to healthy lifestyle, home BP monitoring, and effective pharmaceutical treatment strategies for hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (GLN) treatment on neurobehavioral outcome,brain edema and inflammatory response in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI),and to find out the role played by autophagic response in this effect.Methods Rat models with TBI in this study were established using Feeney's method.One hundred healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n =20) to receive sham operation (group Sham),TBI (group TBI),TBI and glutamine treatment (group TBI+GLN),TBI amd autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (group TBI+ 3-MA),and TBI,GLN and autophagy inhibitor (group TBI+GLN+3-MA).We measured the rats' behavioral outcomes by modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) tests at day 1,3,7 and 14 after intervention.Brain water content was measured with wet-dry weight method.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-ct),interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-4 were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expressions of autophagy-related factors (LC3-Ⅱ,Beclin-1) in TBI cerebral cortex were tested with Western blot.Results Compared with the Sham group,the other four groups had significantly increased levels of brain edema,mNSS,serum inflammatory factors and cerebral LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 (P=0.00).Compared with the TBI group,the TBI+GLN group had less severe brain edema and improved mNSS,lower levels of TNF-α [(57.71 ±9.69) pg/ml vs.(83.37± 12.81) pg/ml,P=0.01] and IL-1 [(39.46±8.60) pg/ml vs.(69.04± 10.48) pg/ml,P=0.00],higher levels of IL-4 [(68.72± 11.18) pg/ml vs.(35.75 ± 8.40) pg/ml,P =0.04],and upregulated expressions of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 (P=0.01).Compared with the TBI+GLN group,the TBI+GLN+3-MA group had severer neurofunctional impairment,brain edema and inflammation (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with GLN markedly reduced brain edema and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in rats with TBI by inhibiting inflammatory response in the central nervous system.The mechanism might have been the activation of the autophagic response.

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate (Art) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) expressions induced by high glucose in rat renal mesangial cells (HBZY-1), and the mechanism thereof. Methods HBZY-1 cells were cultured and divided into normal glucose group (5.6 mmol/L), high glucose group (25 mmol/L) and high glucose with different concentrations of Art (10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L) groups. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation after 48 h. The apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double stains. The protein levels of NF-κB and MCP-1 in the cell culture supernatant were determined using ELISA. Results High glucose induced apoptosis and proliferation in HBZY-1 cells, and the expressions of NF-κB and MCP-1 in the supernatant were also increased (P<0.05). After treatment with Art, the proliferation was obviously abolished, and the apoptosis was increased, and the expressions of NF-κB and MCP-1 in the supernatant were decreased in HBZY-1 cells. The effects of Art showed a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Artesunate treatment can reverse the effect of high glucose in HBZY-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy.

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer distinct advantages as a means of pulmonary drug delivery and have attracted much attention in the field of pharmaceutical science. DPIs commonly contain micronized drug particles which, because of their cohesiveness and strong propensity to aggregate, have poor aerosolization performance. Thus carriers with a larger particle size are added to address this problem. However, the performance of DPIs is profoundly influenced by the physical properties of the carrier, particularly their particle size, morphology/shape and surface roughness. Because these factors are interdependent, it is difficult to completely understand how they individually influence DPI performance. The purpose of this review is to summarize and illuminate how these factors affect drug-carrier interaction and influence the performance of DPIs.

Objective To explore the clinical value of false positive of Down’ s Syndrome Screening for premature rupture of membranes in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods From Jan. 2009 to Jul. 2013, there were 321 cases who were in the second trimester of high risk pregnancy recieved Down’ s Syndrome Screening. Their fetals have been excluded chromosome or organ abnormality, and there was no fetal organ structure abnormal through sequence prenatal ultrasound examinations. Results of their pregnancy have been followed-up, and pregnancy outcomes of 346 cases who were of low risk were followed-up at the same time. Results Among the 321 cases, there were 14 ca-ses of abortion because of PROM ( gestational age less than 28 weeks);17 cases of premature delivery because of PROM, including 9 cases whose gestational age were from 28 to 34 weeks and 8 cases whose gestational age were from 34 weeks to 37 weeks;and 7 cases of neonatal asphyxia. In the low risk group, abortion because of PROM occured in 6 cases before 28 weeks, 3 cases between 28 to 34 weeks, and 4 ca-ses between 34 to 37 weeks, and neonatal asphyxia occured in 3 cases. Conclusion Comparing with Down’ s screening false positive preg-nant women and the low risk group, the false positive group have a higher occurrence of PROM, Down’ s screening is a potential high risk in-dex as a predictor of PROM.

Adult ; Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis