Cold tumors have a poor response to tumor immunotherapy due to low immune cell infiltration and the ability to evade immune attacks. Converting cold tumors into hot tumors can enhance the clinical effectiveness of anti-tumor immunotherapy. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a non-invasive treatment can damage tumors through mechanical effects, but there is a lack of research on its cytotoxic mechanisms at the cellular level and its role in inducing anti-immune responses. In this study, the role of HIFU in triggering tumor ferroptosis by disrupting the GSH/GSSG balance through mechanochemical action and the associated anti-tumor immune priming effect were investigated. The use of a nano-enhancer loaded with PFOB combined with HIFU could enhance ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer at a specific stage of tumor growth (UTGR = 0) while promoting the conversion of a cold tumor into a hot tumor, thereby improving the immune response. Overall, this provides valuable guidance for the clinical application of HIFU in tumor immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective tumor treatment agents with survival benefits.However,immune toxicity to various organs has become a new challenge in clinical practice.The cardiac involvement can be presented as heart failure,arrhythmia(atrial fibrillation,atrioventricular block,bundle branch block,ventricular tachycardia,etc.),myocardial-pericarditis,myocardiopathy,and sudden cardiac death,etc.This patient developed abnormally increased myocardial enzymes,impaired cardiac function,and atrioventricular block after 1-month treatment with tislelizumab.Endomyocardial biopsy examination confirmed the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.Through the diagnosis,treatment,and review of relevant literatures of this case,we wish to improve the understanding of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis,and therefore improve the diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis for clinicians.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Compound Shenghua Prescription(derived from Shenghua Decoction)assisting tranexamic acid in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and to observe its effect on plasma antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ),D-dimer(D-D)and fibrinogen(FIB)levels.Methods A total of 216 patients with postpartum hemorrhage admitted to Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected.The patients were randomly divided into conventional group and trial group by random number table method,with 108 cases in each group.Two groups of patients were given postpartum routine treatment of blood transfusion,anti-shock,fluid infusion,and promoting uterine contraction.Additionally,the conventional group was given tranexamic acid treatment,and the trial group was given Compound Shenghua Prescription assisting tranexamic acid treatment.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 3 days.Before and after treatment,the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores and levels of coagulation factors and inflammation-stress factors in the two groups were observed.Time for the symptom improvement,hospitalization time,clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results(1)After 3 days of treatment,the total effective rate of the trial group was 98.15%(106/108)and that of the conventional group was 91.67%(99/108).The curative effect of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the conventional group(P＜0.05).(2)The duration of bleeding symptoms,hemostasis time,time for the bloody lochia disappearance and hospitalization time in the trial group were significantly shorter than those in the conventional group(P＜0.01).(3)After 3 days of treatment,the scores of primary symptoms,secondary symptoms,and tongue and pulse manifestations in the two groups were significantly lowered compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the conventional group(P＜0.01).(4)After 3 days of treatment,the levels of plasma D-D and FIB in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the level of plasma AT-Ⅲ was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).The decrease of plasma D-D and FIB levels and the increase of plasma AT-Ⅲ level in the trial group were significantly superior to those in the conventional group(P＜0.01).(5)After 3 days of treatment,the levels of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),lipid peroxide(LPO)and interleukin 8(IL-8)in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the level of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).The decrease of serum CRP,LPO and IL-8 levels and the increase of serum SOD level in the trial group were significantly superior to those in the conventional group(P＜0.01).(6)The incidence of adverse reactions in the trial group was 8.33%(9/108),and that in the conventional group was 10.19%(11/108).There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compound Shenghua Prescription assisting tranexamic acid is effective in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage.It can effectively shorten the bleeding time,relieve clinical symptoms,improve coagulation function and inhibit the expression of inflammation-stress factors.

Objective:To explore the relationship between autistic trait and pain empathy among college students, as well as the mediating role of personal pain perception.Methods:From October to December 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 195 college students using the autism spectrum quotient, pain sensitivity questionnaire, fear of pain questionnaire, pain catastrophizing scale and empathy for pain scale.SPSS 27.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.A structural equation model was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to examine the mediating effect of personal pain perception, which was composed of pain sensitivity, fear and catastrophizing cognition.Results:Autistic trait(22.00(18.00, 26.00))was significantly positively correlated with pain sensitivity (55.00(43.00, 70.00)), fair of pain (69.00(60.00, 78.00)), and pain catastrophizing cognition (16.00(8.00, 23.00)) ( r=0.112, 0.154, 0.204, all P<0.001).Autistic trait was also significantly positively correlated with affective distress(62.00(46.00, 80.00), r=0.162, P<0.001) and vicarious pain (14.00(8.00, 20.00), r=0.096, P<0.001) of pain empathy.Pain sensitivity, fear of pain and pain catastrophizing cognition were significantly positively correlated with affective distress( r=0.244, 0.332, 0.375, all P<0.001) and vicarious pain ( r=0.210, 0.232, 0.285, all P<0.001) of pain empathy.The effects of autistic trait on affective distress and vicarious pain dimensions of pain empathy were fully mediated by personal pain perception, with the mediating effects of 0.115( P<0.001, 95% CI=0.073-0.165) and 0.085( P<0.001, 95% CI=0.053-0.124). Conclusions:The autistic trait of college students can predict the affective distress and vicarious pain of pain empathy indirectly through personal pain perception.

Objective To explore the effect of bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria on intestinal flora based on the use of cefaclor in the treatment of infantile bacterial enteritis.Methods A total of 96 children with bacterial enteritis admitted in our hospital were selected as the research objects,and the patients were divided into the combined group(n=48)and the single drug group(n=48).The single drug group was treated with cefaclor alone,while the combined group was treated with a combination of live combined bifidobacterium,lactobacillus,enterococcus and bacillus cereus tablets and cefaclor.The clinical effects,numbers of microbiota,levels of inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-8(IL-8),interleukin-2(IL-2)],T lymphocyte subsets and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the combined group was higher than that of the single drug group,and the improvement time of symptoms and signs was shorter than that of the single drug group(P＜0.05).After treatment,levels of Escherichia coli,TNF-α,CRP and IL-8 decreased in both groups,which were lower in the combined group than those of the single drug group(P＜0.05).Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,IL-2,and T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+)were increased in both groups,and those were higher in the combined group than the single drug group(P＜0.05).Adverse reactions occurred in two patients of each groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion On the basis of using cefaclor and adding bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria in the treatment of bacterial enteritis in children can improve the treatment efficiency,improve the intestinal flora and inflammatory response,and have good safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)on neural activity in the visual cortex of healthy volunteers using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Methods Each healthy volunteer underwent three sets of trials in a resting state:the LI4 group received acupuncture stimulation at the right Hegu(LI4)acupoint;the negative control was the sham acupoint group(SHAM group);and the positive control was the visual stimulation group(VISUAL group).fNIRS was used to simultaneously monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)levels in the vis-ual cortex during various stages of acupuncture or visual tasks,thereby reflecting the activation level of the visual cortex.The entire acupuncture procedure was performed with the subjects' eyes closed.fNIRS recorded the raw optical density values of hemodynamics in the region of interest(ROI)of the visual cortex during each task phase.The relative coefficientβ value for oxygenated hemoglobin was obtained via Matlab analysis,and the coefficient difference Δβ value between the task period and the baseline period was calculated,representing the degree of change in oxygenated hemoglobin content in-duced by the stimulus,which reflected the change in activation level of the visual cortex after acupuncture or visual stimu-lation.A larger Δβ value indicates a higher degree of visual cortex activation.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)were applied to analyze the differences in visual cortex activation levels among the LI4,SHAM,and VISUAL groups.Results In channels 15 and 17 of the striate area and channels 10 and 13 of the extrastriate area,the Δβ values of sub-jects in the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases were significantly higher than those in the SHAM group(all P＜0.01).When comparing the Δβ values of the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases with those of the VISUAL group,under the current sample size,the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The Δβ values in both the striate and extrastriate areas of the LI4 group peaked during the needle manipulation phase.Conclusion Acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)can effectively activate the visual cortex in healthy volunteers,with the most significant increase in activation observed during the needle manipulation phase.

Objective:To explore the relationship between autistic trait and pain empathy among college students, as well as the mediating role of personal pain perception.Methods:From October to December 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 195 college students using the autism spectrum quotient, pain sensitivity questionnaire, fear of pain questionnaire, pain catastrophizing scale and empathy for pain scale.SPSS 27.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.A structural equation model was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to examine the mediating effect of personal pain perception, which was composed of pain sensitivity, fear and catastrophizing cognition.Results:Autistic trait(22.00(18.00, 26.00))was significantly positively correlated with pain sensitivity (55.00(43.00, 70.00)), fair of pain (69.00(60.00, 78.00)), and pain catastrophizing cognition (16.00(8.00, 23.00)) ( r=0.112, 0.154, 0.204, all P<0.001).Autistic trait was also significantly positively correlated with affective distress(62.00(46.00, 80.00), r=0.162, P<0.001) and vicarious pain (14.00(8.00, 20.00), r=0.096, P<0.001) of pain empathy.Pain sensitivity, fear of pain and pain catastrophizing cognition were significantly positively correlated with affective distress( r=0.244, 0.332, 0.375, all P<0.001) and vicarious pain ( r=0.210, 0.232, 0.285, all P<0.001) of pain empathy.The effects of autistic trait on affective distress and vicarious pain dimensions of pain empathy were fully mediated by personal pain perception, with the mediating effects of 0.115( P<0.001, 95% CI=0.073-0.165) and 0.085( P<0.001, 95% CI=0.053-0.124). Conclusions:The autistic trait of college students can predict the affective distress and vicarious pain of pain empathy indirectly through personal pain perception.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)on neural activity in the visual cortex of healthy volunteers using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Methods Each healthy volunteer underwent three sets of trials in a resting state:the LI4 group received acupuncture stimulation at the right Hegu(LI4)acupoint;the negative control was the sham acupoint group(SHAM group);and the positive control was the visual stimulation group(VISUAL group).fNIRS was used to simultaneously monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)levels in the vis-ual cortex during various stages of acupuncture or visual tasks,thereby reflecting the activation level of the visual cortex.The entire acupuncture procedure was performed with the subjects' eyes closed.fNIRS recorded the raw optical density values of hemodynamics in the region of interest(ROI)of the visual cortex during each task phase.The relative coefficientβ value for oxygenated hemoglobin was obtained via Matlab analysis,and the coefficient difference Δβ value between the task period and the baseline period was calculated,representing the degree of change in oxygenated hemoglobin content in-duced by the stimulus,which reflected the change in activation level of the visual cortex after acupuncture or visual stimu-lation.A larger Δβ value indicates a higher degree of visual cortex activation.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)were applied to analyze the differences in visual cortex activation levels among the LI4,SHAM,and VISUAL groups.Results In channels 15 and 17 of the striate area and channels 10 and 13 of the extrastriate area,the Δβ values of sub-jects in the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases were significantly higher than those in the SHAM group(all P＜0.01).When comparing the Δβ values of the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases with those of the VISUAL group,under the current sample size,the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The Δβ values in both the striate and extrastriate areas of the LI4 group peaked during the needle manipulation phase.Conclusion Acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)can effectively activate the visual cortex in healthy volunteers,with the most significant increase in activation observed during the needle manipulation phase.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective tumor treatment agents with survival benefits.However,immune toxicity to various organs has become a new challenge in clinical practice.The cardiac involvement can be presented as heart failure,arrhythmia(atrial fibrillation,atrioventricular block,bundle branch block,ventricular tachycardia,etc.),myocardial-pericarditis,myocardiopathy,and sudden cardiac death,etc.This patient developed abnormally increased myocardial enzymes,impaired cardiac function,and atrioventricular block after 1-month treatment with tislelizumab.Endomyocardial biopsy examination confirmed the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.Through the diagnosis,treatment,and review of relevant literatures of this case,we wish to improve the understanding of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis,and therefore improve the diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis for clinicians.

Objective To explore the effect of bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria on intestinal flora based on the use of cefaclor in the treatment of infantile bacterial enteritis.Methods A total of 96 children with bacterial enteritis admitted in our hospital were selected as the research objects,and the patients were divided into the combined group(n=48)and the single drug group(n=48).The single drug group was treated with cefaclor alone,while the combined group was treated with a combination of live combined bifidobacterium,lactobacillus,enterococcus and bacillus cereus tablets and cefaclor.The clinical effects,numbers of microbiota,levels of inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-8(IL-8),interleukin-2(IL-2)],T lymphocyte subsets and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the combined group was higher than that of the single drug group,and the improvement time of symptoms and signs was shorter than that of the single drug group(P＜0.05).After treatment,levels of Escherichia coli,TNF-α,CRP and IL-8 decreased in both groups,which were lower in the combined group than those of the single drug group(P＜0.05).Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,IL-2,and T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+)were increased in both groups,and those were higher in the combined group than the single drug group(P＜0.05).Adverse reactions occurred in two patients of each groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion On the basis of using cefaclor and adding bifidobacterium quadruple viable bacteria in the treatment of bacterial enteritis in children can improve the treatment efficiency,improve the intestinal flora and inflammatory response,and have good safety.