This study investigated the incidence,prevention and control measures,diagnostic and treatment methods,and treatment costs of hoof diseases in dairy cows across 87 large-scale farms,aiming to provide a scientific basis and new insights for the treatment and prevention of hoof disea-ses in dairy herds.The results showed that the incidence rate of lameness in most farms was con-trolled between 3％and 7％,with a cure rate above 85％.The importance ranking of prevention and control measures was as follows:hoof trimming＞leveling the ground＞disinfection＞regular foot baths＞manure removal＞locomotion(lameness)scoring.The importance ranking of treat-ment measures was:hoof trimming＞disinfection and astringents＞anti-inflammatory treatment＞antibiotics＞block application＞traditional Chinese medicine(fire therapy).Economic analysis showed that the treatment cost of lameness was closely related to the incidence rate,with higher treatment expenses observed in farms with higher incidence rates.Farms with higher individual milk yields typically had more efficient disease management strategies,leading to lower treatment costs.Large-scale farms should continuously optimize management practices to reduce the occur-rence of lameness and improve overall farm efficiency by using effective treatment strategies.

Objective To investigate the species of ticks in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into management of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Methods During the period between May 2023 and June 2024, livestock breeding farms and vegetation neighboring the place of residence of confirmed and suspected patients with tick-borne disease were selected as sampling points in rural areas from Yindian Township, Gaocheng Township, Wanhe Township, Wushan Township, Xiaolin Township, Xihe Township, Hedian Township and Beijiao Street in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, where confirmed and suspected cases with tick-borne diseases had been reported. The parasitic ticks on the body surface of free-range livestock were captured with tweezers in livestock breeding farms, and free ticks on the vegetation surface were captured with the flagging method. Morphological identification of tick samples was performed under a microscope, and the gender and developmental stage of ticks were determined. One engorged adult tick, 2 to 3 blood-feeding but non-engorged adult ticks, 10 to 15 unfed female ticks, 15 to 20 unfed male ticks, and 30 to 40 tick nymphs or larvae were assigned into a group, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from tick samples in each group, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Sequence analysis was performed with the DNASTAR software, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software MEGA 7.0. In addition, the phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum likelihood method based on the Kimura 2 parameter model. Results A total of 2 438 ticks were captured from Suizhou City, Hubei Province during the period between May 2023 and June 2024, including 595 free ticks and 1 483 parasitic ticks. Three developmental stages of ticks were captured, including larvae, nymphs, and adults, and 75.18% (1 899/2 438) of captured ticks were adult, in which 79.04% (1 501/1 899) were female. Morphological and molecular biological assays identified one family, three genera and four species of captured ticks, including 2 425 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks (99.47%) and one H. flava tick (0.04%) of the genus Haemaphysalis, 11 Rhipicephalus microplus ticks (0.45%) of the genus Rhipicephalus, and one Ixodes sinensis tick (0.04%) of the genus Ixodes in the family Ixodidae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H. longicornis sequence (SZ49) in this study was clustered with sequences from Yunnan Province (GenBank accession number: MH024510.1), Hebei Province (GenBank accession number: MK450606.1) and Henan Province (GenBank accession number: MZ230645.1) into a clade, and the H. flava sequence (SZ19) in this study was clustered with sequences from Japan (GenBank accession number: MW064044.1), South Korea (GenBank accession number: ON629585.1), and Jiangsu Province (GenBank accession number: PP494741.1) and Hebei Province of China (GenBank accession number: MH520685.1) into a clade, while the R. microplus sequence (SZ8) in this study was clustered with the sequences from India (GenBank accession number: MK621328.1), and Henan Province (GenBank accession number: MT555307.1) and Guizhou Province of China (GenBank accession number: PP446801.1) into a clade. The sequence of I. sinensis (SZ23) in this study had 99.51% homology with that (GenBank accession number: OM368265.1) of ticks sampled from Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Conclusion There are four tick species of H. longicornis, H. flava, R. microplus and I. sinensis in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, and H. longicornis is the dominant species. H. flava is firstly recorded in Suizhou City.

In recent years,more and more studies have found that phase separation plays an important role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases.Phase separation refers to the process in which biological macromole-cules,such as proteins and nucleic acids,spontaneously segregate into concentrated and diluted phases under certain con-ditions.This process creates distinct functional compartments within cells and is involved in various cellular biological functions.The driving forces of phase separation include multivalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions,hydro-phobic interactions,and π-π stacking.Key protein regions that promote phase separation include intrinsically disordered regions,low complexity domains,folded domains,and nucleic acid binding domains.This article reviews recent progress in understanding the role of phase separation in cardiovascular diseases,including heart failure,myocardial fibrosis,and atherosclerosis,with a particular focus on the last five years of research.Future studies should aim to elucidate the specif-ic mechanisms of phase separation in cardiovascular diseases and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of roxadustat on thyroid function and to identify the associated factors in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD).Methods:This study was a single-center retrospective study. PD patients who received roxadustat or recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2020 and June 2024 were included. The general and clinical information as well as laboratory indexes were collected. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were compared before and after treatment initiation. Hemoglobin (Hb) responses were also observed between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with thyroid function changes.Results:A total of 120 patients were enrolled, with an age of (55.17±16.42) years, including 66 males (55.0%). There were 81 patients received roxadustat (roxadustat group) and 39 patiens received rHuEPO (rHuEPO group). Compared to the rHuEPO group, the roxadustat group had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes ( χ 2= 4.172, P=0.041), a shorter PD vintage ( Z=-3.406, P=0.002), a lower serum level of total cholesterol ( Z=-2.082, P=0.037) and a lower level of fasting blood glucose ( Z=-2.589, P=0.010). Following treatment with roxadustat, the levels of FT4 ( Z=-5.349, P<0.01) and TSH ( Z=-3.720, P<0.01) decreased significantly. In contrast, no significant changes in FT4 or TSH levels were observed in the rHuEPO group (both P>0.05). For both roxadustat and rHuEPO groups, there were no significant changes in FT3 levels after treatment (both P>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified that higher baseline TSH (TSH≥2.27 μIU/ml, OR=1.581, 95% CI 1.196-2.089, P=0.001) and roxadustat exposure ( OR=3.432, 95% CI 1.410-8.355, P=0.007) as independent associated factors of subsequent TSH decline, and identified that higher baseline FT4 (FT4≥14.9 pmol/L, OR=1.390, 95% CI 1.162-1.662, P=0.001) and roxadustat exposure ( OR=5.798, 95% CI 2.225-15.113, P=0.001) as independent associated factors of subsequent FT4 decline. The degrees of hemoglobin changes after roxadustat or rHuEPO treatment did not differ significantly between roxadustat group and rHuEPO group ( t=-1.062, P=0.290). Of the 31 patients who underwent a second thyroid function test during roxadustat treatment, 24 continued with the original regimen, while 7 discontinued roxadustat. Among 24 patients who maintained roxadustat treatment, TSH ( Z=-0.400, P=0.689) and FT4 ( t=0.143, P=0.888) remained stable between the second and third tests. All 7 patients who discontinued roxadustat treatment showed TSH rebound and the changes of TSH levels were more significant than that in continuers ( Z=-2.505, P=0.012). FT4 recovery occurred in only 3 of them, with no significant difference in FT4 change between discontinuers and continuers ( Z=-0.685, P=0.493). Conclusions:Roxadustat commonly suppresses TSH and FT4, but not FT3, in PD patients. Baseline levels of TSH and FT4 are key associated factors of the inhibitory effect of roxadustat on thyroid function. This suppression does not intensify with prolonged exposure and is reversible after discontinuation, with TSH levels normalizing more quickly than FT4. Roxadustat-induced thyroid suppression does not compromise its efficacy in treating renal anemia.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of financial toxicity among caregivers of cancer patients with chemotherapy and to analyze the relationship between each category and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 256 cancer patients with chemotherapy in the Department of Oncology Chemotherapy and the Department of Daytime Chemotherapy in the South Zone, and the Department of Oncology Chemotherapy in the West Zone of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from February to April 2024 for the study. General Information Questionnaire, Financial Toxicity Scale for Cancer Family Caregivers, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used to survey the study participants. Latent categories of financial toxicity were analyzed using Mplus 8.0. Ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of latent categories of financial toxicity among caregivers of cancer patients with chemotherapy. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between latent categories of financial toxicity and PTSD.Results:A total of 256 questionnaires were distributed and 242 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.53% (242/256) . The financial toxicity of 242 caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were classified into three latent categories, including low financial toxicity-low behavior change group (9.92%) , moderate financial toxicity-moderate coping potential group (36.78%) , and high financial toxicity-high coping difficulty group (53.31%) . Ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that work status, occupation, and educational level were influencing factors of potential categories of financial toxicity for caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy ( P<0.05) . Caregivers in moderate financial toxicity-moderate coping potential group and high financial toxicity-high coping difficulty group had more severe PTSD compared with caregivers in low financial toxicity-low behavior change group ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Financial toxicity of caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be categorized into three latent categories, with differences in levels of PTSD in caregivers across financial toxicity categories. It is recommended that healthcare professionals carry out targeted management based on a homogeneous group of financially toxic caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy to alleviate their PTSD.

In recent years,more and more studies have found that phase separation plays an important role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases.Phase separation refers to the process in which biological macromole-cules,such as proteins and nucleic acids,spontaneously segregate into concentrated and diluted phases under certain con-ditions.This process creates distinct functional compartments within cells and is involved in various cellular biological functions.The driving forces of phase separation include multivalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions,hydro-phobic interactions,and π-π stacking.Key protein regions that promote phase separation include intrinsically disordered regions,low complexity domains,folded domains,and nucleic acid binding domains.This article reviews recent progress in understanding the role of phase separation in cardiovascular diseases,including heart failure,myocardial fibrosis,and atherosclerosis,with a particular focus on the last five years of research.Future studies should aim to elucidate the specif-ic mechanisms of phase separation in cardiovascular diseases and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

This study investigated the incidence,prevention and control measures,diagnostic and treatment methods,and treatment costs of hoof diseases in dairy cows across 87 large-scale farms,aiming to provide a scientific basis and new insights for the treatment and prevention of hoof disea-ses in dairy herds.The results showed that the incidence rate of lameness in most farms was con-trolled between 3％and 7％,with a cure rate above 85％.The importance ranking of prevention and control measures was as follows:hoof trimming＞leveling the ground＞disinfection＞regular foot baths＞manure removal＞locomotion(lameness)scoring.The importance ranking of treat-ment measures was:hoof trimming＞disinfection and astringents＞anti-inflammatory treatment＞antibiotics＞block application＞traditional Chinese medicine(fire therapy).Economic analysis showed that the treatment cost of lameness was closely related to the incidence rate,with higher treatment expenses observed in farms with higher incidence rates.Farms with higher individual milk yields typically had more efficient disease management strategies,leading to lower treatment costs.Large-scale farms should continuously optimize management practices to reduce the occur-rence of lameness and improve overall farm efficiency by using effective treatment strategies.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of financial toxicity among caregivers of cancer patients with chemotherapy and to analyze the relationship between each category and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 256 cancer patients with chemotherapy in the Department of Oncology Chemotherapy and the Department of Daytime Chemotherapy in the South Zone, and the Department of Oncology Chemotherapy in the West Zone of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from February to April 2024 for the study. General Information Questionnaire, Financial Toxicity Scale for Cancer Family Caregivers, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used to survey the study participants. Latent categories of financial toxicity were analyzed using Mplus 8.0. Ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of latent categories of financial toxicity among caregivers of cancer patients with chemotherapy. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between latent categories of financial toxicity and PTSD.Results:A total of 256 questionnaires were distributed and 242 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.53% (242/256) . The financial toxicity of 242 caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were classified into three latent categories, including low financial toxicity-low behavior change group (9.92%) , moderate financial toxicity-moderate coping potential group (36.78%) , and high financial toxicity-high coping difficulty group (53.31%) . Ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that work status, occupation, and educational level were influencing factors of potential categories of financial toxicity for caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy ( P<0.05) . Caregivers in moderate financial toxicity-moderate coping potential group and high financial toxicity-high coping difficulty group had more severe PTSD compared with caregivers in low financial toxicity-low behavior change group ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Financial toxicity of caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be categorized into three latent categories, with differences in levels of PTSD in caregivers across financial toxicity categories. It is recommended that healthcare professionals carry out targeted management based on a homogeneous group of financially toxic caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy to alleviate their PTSD.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of roxadustat on thyroid function and to identify the associated factors in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD).Methods:This study was a single-center retrospective study. PD patients who received roxadustat or recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2020 and June 2024 were included. The general and clinical information as well as laboratory indexes were collected. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were compared before and after treatment initiation. Hemoglobin (Hb) responses were also observed between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with thyroid function changes.Results:A total of 120 patients were enrolled, with an age of (55.17±16.42) years, including 66 males (55.0%). There were 81 patients received roxadustat (roxadustat group) and 39 patiens received rHuEPO (rHuEPO group). Compared to the rHuEPO group, the roxadustat group had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes ( χ 2= 4.172, P=0.041), a shorter PD vintage ( Z=-3.406, P=0.002), a lower serum level of total cholesterol ( Z=-2.082, P=0.037) and a lower level of fasting blood glucose ( Z=-2.589, P=0.010). Following treatment with roxadustat, the levels of FT4 ( Z=-5.349, P<0.01) and TSH ( Z=-3.720, P<0.01) decreased significantly. In contrast, no significant changes in FT4 or TSH levels were observed in the rHuEPO group (both P>0.05). For both roxadustat and rHuEPO groups, there were no significant changes in FT3 levels after treatment (both P>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified that higher baseline TSH (TSH≥2.27 μIU/ml, OR=1.581, 95% CI 1.196-2.089, P=0.001) and roxadustat exposure ( OR=3.432, 95% CI 1.410-8.355, P=0.007) as independent associated factors of subsequent TSH decline, and identified that higher baseline FT4 (FT4≥14.9 pmol/L, OR=1.390, 95% CI 1.162-1.662, P=0.001) and roxadustat exposure ( OR=5.798, 95% CI 2.225-15.113, P=0.001) as independent associated factors of subsequent FT4 decline. The degrees of hemoglobin changes after roxadustat or rHuEPO treatment did not differ significantly between roxadustat group and rHuEPO group ( t=-1.062, P=0.290). Of the 31 patients who underwent a second thyroid function test during roxadustat treatment, 24 continued with the original regimen, while 7 discontinued roxadustat. Among 24 patients who maintained roxadustat treatment, TSH ( Z=-0.400, P=0.689) and FT4 ( t=0.143, P=0.888) remained stable between the second and third tests. All 7 patients who discontinued roxadustat treatment showed TSH rebound and the changes of TSH levels were more significant than that in continuers ( Z=-2.505, P=0.012). FT4 recovery occurred in only 3 of them, with no significant difference in FT4 change between discontinuers and continuers ( Z=-0.685, P=0.493). Conclusions:Roxadustat commonly suppresses TSH and FT4, but not FT3, in PD patients. Baseline levels of TSH and FT4 are key associated factors of the inhibitory effect of roxadustat on thyroid function. This suppression does not intensify with prolonged exposure and is reversible after discontinuation, with TSH levels normalizing more quickly than FT4. Roxadustat-induced thyroid suppression does not compromise its efficacy in treating renal anemia.

Objective To validate the mechanism of Mori Cortex-Lycii Cortex(MCLC)in intervening acute lung injury(ALI)based on network pharmacology,molecular docking combined with animal experiments.Methods The TCMSP database was used to obtain the active components of MCLC;the SwissTargetPrediction database was used to predict the targets of active components;the GeneCards database and DisGeNET database were used to collect the disease targets of ALI;the key targets were screened by constructing a PPI network,and the key targets were subjected to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment;a drug-component-target-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape software;AutoDock and PyMOL software were used to validate the molecular docking of some of the compounds and targets;LPS was used to establish a mouse model of ALI for experimental validation,and experimental validation was performed to main targets and pathways.Results Totally 44 active components of MCLC and 138 action targets were obtained;26 potential targets of MCLC intervention in ALI were obtained,mainly TNF,EGFR,NFKB1,MPO,TNFRSF1A,NOX4,etc.,and the key pathways were MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,etc.;molecular docking results showed that the core active components of MCLC and the main targets had strong binding activities;animal experiments showed that MCLC at medium and high dosages could effectively improve the lung histopathological damage in ALI mice,decrease the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum(P<0.01),and increase IL-10 content(P<0.01);MCLC inhibited protein expressions of EGFR,PI3K,AKT,NF-κB p65 in lung tissue(P<0.01).Conclusion MCLC may intervene ALI by components such as quercetin and buddleoside,acting on targets including EGFR and TNF,through ulti-pathways of EGFR/PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathway,etc.