OBJECTIVES: The application of photodynamic therapy in solid tumors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and the efficiency of photosensitizers is a crucial determinant of therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a novel photosensitizer, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC, in photodynamic therapy against gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer MKN45 cells were treated with PEG-MTPABZ-PyC. A high-content live-cell imaging system was used to assess the cellular uptake kinetics and subcellular localization of the photosensitizer. The cytotoxic effects of PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy were examined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, while the intrinsic cytotoxicity of the photosensitizer alone was verified by the CCK-8 assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after photodynamic therapy was detected using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: PEG-MTPABZ-PyC alone exhibited no cytotoxicity toward MKN45 cells, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. The compound efficiently entered cells within 6 hours and localized predominantly in lysosomes. Upon light irradiation, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy induced significant cytotoxicity compared with the control group (P<0.05) and generated abundant intracellular ROS. CONCLUSIONS The novel photosensitizer PEG-MTPABZ-PyC demonstrates potent photodynamic cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells, showing promising potential for further development in gastric cancer photodynamic therapy.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Photochemotherapy/methods* ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Mesoporphyrins/pharmacology*

Objective:To evaluate the impact of roxadustat on thyroid function and to identify the associated factors in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD).Methods:This study was a single-center retrospective study. PD patients who received roxadustat or recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2020 and June 2024 were included. The general and clinical information as well as laboratory indexes were collected. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were compared before and after treatment initiation. Hemoglobin (Hb) responses were also observed between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with thyroid function changes.Results:A total of 120 patients were enrolled, with an age of (55.17±16.42) years, including 66 males (55.0%). There were 81 patients received roxadustat (roxadustat group) and 39 patiens received rHuEPO (rHuEPO group). Compared to the rHuEPO group, the roxadustat group had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes ( χ 2= 4.172, P=0.041), a shorter PD vintage ( Z=-3.406, P=0.002), a lower serum level of total cholesterol ( Z=-2.082, P=0.037) and a lower level of fasting blood glucose ( Z=-2.589, P=0.010). Following treatment with roxadustat, the levels of FT4 ( Z=-5.349, P<0.01) and TSH ( Z=-3.720, P<0.01) decreased significantly. In contrast, no significant changes in FT4 or TSH levels were observed in the rHuEPO group (both P>0.05). For both roxadustat and rHuEPO groups, there were no significant changes in FT3 levels after treatment (both P>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified that higher baseline TSH (TSH≥2.27 μIU/ml, OR=1.581, 95% CI 1.196-2.089, P=0.001) and roxadustat exposure ( OR=3.432, 95% CI 1.410-8.355, P=0.007) as independent associated factors of subsequent TSH decline, and identified that higher baseline FT4 (FT4≥14.9 pmol/L, OR=1.390, 95% CI 1.162-1.662, P=0.001) and roxadustat exposure ( OR=5.798, 95% CI 2.225-15.113, P=0.001) as independent associated factors of subsequent FT4 decline. The degrees of hemoglobin changes after roxadustat or rHuEPO treatment did not differ significantly between roxadustat group and rHuEPO group ( t=-1.062, P=0.290). Of the 31 patients who underwent a second thyroid function test during roxadustat treatment, 24 continued with the original regimen, while 7 discontinued roxadustat. Among 24 patients who maintained roxadustat treatment, TSH ( Z=-0.400, P=0.689) and FT4 ( t=0.143, P=0.888) remained stable between the second and third tests. All 7 patients who discontinued roxadustat treatment showed TSH rebound and the changes of TSH levels were more significant than that in continuers ( Z=-2.505, P=0.012). FT4 recovery occurred in only 3 of them, with no significant difference in FT4 change between discontinuers and continuers ( Z=-0.685, P=0.493). Conclusions:Roxadustat commonly suppresses TSH and FT4, but not FT3, in PD patients. Baseline levels of TSH and FT4 are key associated factors of the inhibitory effect of roxadustat on thyroid function. This suppression does not intensify with prolonged exposure and is reversible after discontinuation, with TSH levels normalizing more quickly than FT4. Roxadustat-induced thyroid suppression does not compromise its efficacy in treating renal anemia.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of doubling the first dose of batroxobin in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with reduced frequency.Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss,who received treatment at the Department of Otolaryngology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between August 2022 and October 2024,were included in the study.Using the random number table method,the patients were assigned to two groups,an observation group and a control group,each comprising 48 cases.The control group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract,methylpred-nisolone tablets,and a first dose of 10 BU of batroxobin,while the observation group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract,methylprednisolone tablets,and a first dose of 20 BU of batroxobin.After one cycle of treatment,compare the pure tone hearing threshold,hemorheological indicators,coagulation function indicators,efficacy,and adverse reactions between the two groups.Follow up for 6 months and record the recurrence outcome.Results After treatment,the pure tone hearing threshold of both groups decreased,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 77.08%and 54.17%,respectively,and the whole blood low shear viscosity was(18.27±1.63)(20.29±1.41)mPa·s,the whole blood shear viscosity was(5.58±0.64),(6.01±0.69)mPa·s,the whole blood high shear viscosity is(4.26±0.38),(4.54±0.31)mPa·s,the plasma viscosity is(1.52±0.26),(1.71±0.34)mPa·s,the red blood cell aggregation index is(0.60±0.21),(0.52±0.17),the red blood cell deformation index was(5.73±0.61),(6.20±0.64),and the fibrinogen(FIB)is(0.72±0.18).0.95±0.13)g/L,thrombin time(TT)were(23.51±2.08)and(21.76±2.13)s,prothrombin time(PT)were(12.71±0.63)and(12.05±0.65)s,respectively,and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)were(28.32±3.07)and(29.51±2.24)s,respectively,with the observation group showing more significant changes(P<0.05).The recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Doubling the first dose of batroxobin can help alleviate the symptoms of hearing impairment,improve inner ear microcirculation,and enhance treatment efficacy in patients with total frequency decline type sudden deafness.

The interplay between psychological pain and physical pain is one of the key issues in the research of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Psychological pain, driven by negative self-perception and difficulties in emotional regulation, activates specific brain regions, such as the anterior cingulate gyrus and insula, areas that overlap with neural networks involved in physical pain. Physical pain can, in turn, activate distinct neural pathways that temporarily alleviate psychological pain. However, repeated self-injury may lead to increased pain tolerance over time, contributing to a vicious cycle. This paper reviews the potential neural network connections and interactions between psychological and physical pain in the context of NSSI behavior. It also summarizes current clinical interventions and their effectiveness in treating NSSI, aiming to offer new insights for future research and clinical practice in preventing and treating NSSI.

Objective:To investigate the effect of donor blood lipid levels and the degree of fat deposition on the pancreatic surface on the outcome of islet isolation.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 171 cases of islet isolation data from organ donors between May 2015 and December 2024. According to the percentage of fat deposition area on the surface of the pancreatic capsule after trimming, the samples were divided into three groups: mild surface fat group (<30%, 60 cases) , moderate surface fat group (30%–70%, 55 cases) , and severe surface fat group (>70%, 56 cases). The modified Ricordi method was used to digest pancreatic tissue, and islets were purified by continuous density gradient centrifugation. The digestion efficiency, digestion time, islet yield (islet equivalent/quantity) , purity, score, and size were analyzed and compared among groups. One-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparisons, and Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between blood lipid levels and islet isolation parameters.Result:The severe surface fat group had significantly higher pre-purification and post-purification islet equivalents, islet number, amount of digested pancreatic tissue, donor triglyceride levels, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels than the other groups (all P<0. 05) . Correlation analysis showed that LDL level was positively correlated with pre-purification islet equivalents (62 cases, r=0. 298, P=0. 019) and islet number (58 cases, r=0. 285, P=0. 030) . Donor high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was negatively correlated with post-purification islet equivalents (54 cases, r= – 0. 282, P=0. 039) ; donor triglyceride level was positively correlated with the amount of digested tissue (56 cases, r=0. 268, P=0. 046) and negatively correlated with purity (51 cases, r= - 0. 297, P=0. 035) ; donor very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level was positively correlated with the amount of digested tissue (67 cases, r=0. 337, P=0. 005) and negatively correlated with purity (61 cases, r=- 0. 348 , P=0. 006) ; donor total cholesterol level was negatively correlated with pancreatic digestion efficiency (34 cases, r= - 0. 370, P=0. 032) , and the above differences were all statistically significant. Conclusion:Pancreata with heavier surface fat deposition can yield a higher number of islets. Meanwhile, donor blood lipid levels are correlated with islet isolation outcomes and can serve as important indicators for donor pancreas selection.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of doubling the first dose of batroxobin in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with reduced frequency.Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss,who received treatment at the Department of Otolaryngology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between August 2022 and October 2024,were included in the study.Using the random number table method,the patients were assigned to two groups,an observation group and a control group,each comprising 48 cases.The control group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract,methylpred-nisolone tablets,and a first dose of 10 BU of batroxobin,while the observation group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract,methylprednisolone tablets,and a first dose of 20 BU of batroxobin.After one cycle of treatment,compare the pure tone hearing threshold,hemorheological indicators,coagulation function indicators,efficacy,and adverse reactions between the two groups.Follow up for 6 months and record the recurrence outcome.Results After treatment,the pure tone hearing threshold of both groups decreased,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 77.08%and 54.17%,respectively,and the whole blood low shear viscosity was(18.27±1.63)(20.29±1.41)mPa·s,the whole blood shear viscosity was(5.58±0.64),(6.01±0.69)mPa·s,the whole blood high shear viscosity is(4.26±0.38),(4.54±0.31)mPa·s,the plasma viscosity is(1.52±0.26),(1.71±0.34)mPa·s,the red blood cell aggregation index is(0.60±0.21),(0.52±0.17),the red blood cell deformation index was(5.73±0.61),(6.20±0.64),and the fibrinogen(FIB)is(0.72±0.18).0.95±0.13)g/L,thrombin time(TT)were(23.51±2.08)and(21.76±2.13)s,prothrombin time(PT)were(12.71±0.63)and(12.05±0.65)s,respectively,and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)were(28.32±3.07)and(29.51±2.24)s,respectively,with the observation group showing more significant changes(P<0.05).The recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Doubling the first dose of batroxobin can help alleviate the symptoms of hearing impairment,improve inner ear microcirculation,and enhance treatment efficacy in patients with total frequency decline type sudden deafness.

Objective:To explore the facilitators and barriers of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension, in order to provide a basis for medical staff to formulate precise pulmonary rehabilitation interventions.Methods:The maximum variation purposive sampling method was used. From October to December 2023, a total of 12 patients with pulmonary hypertension attending the Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, were selected as study participants and underwent semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was applied to analyze the data.Results:The facilitators of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with pulmonary hypertension included: capability factor (good exercise habits) ; opportunity factors (supervision and support from family members, professional guidance from medical staff) ; motivation factors (rehabilitation enthusiasm, perceived benefits of exercise). The barriers included: capability factors (obvious perception of physical symptoms, lack of knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation, low level of e-health literacy) ; opportunity factors (unfavorable health environment, limited time) ; motivation factors (fear of exercise, lack of rehabilitation self-discipline) .Conclusions:Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension is affected by multiple factors. Medical staff should adopt targeted interventions to promote patients' engagement in home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, with the aim of improving cardiopulmonary health, exercise endurance, and quality of life, thereby enhancing clinical prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the research status and emerging hotspots in the field of cardiac telerehabilitation (CTR) and provide references for the development of CTR in China.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for relevant literature on CTR in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Embase, with a search timeframe from the establishment of the databases to February 28, 2024. EndNote and CiteSpace software were used for visual analysis of the search results.Results:A total of 889 papers were included, of which 269 were in Chinese and 620 were in English, showing an overall increasing trend in publication volume. The Chinese database revealed 12 clustering groups and 9 emerging keywords, while the English database identified 10 clustering groups and 16 emerging keywords.Conclusions:The publication volume of CTR is generally on the rise, but cooperation between countries and institutions still needs strengthening. Current research hotspots and frontiers include the demand for CTR, target populations, exercise program design, and the application of electronic information technology. Researchers in China should fully refer to these hotspots and frontiers and explore CTR models that are suitable for the Chinese patient population.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of financial toxicity among caregivers of cancer patients with chemotherapy and to analyze the relationship between each category and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 256 cancer patients with chemotherapy in the Department of Oncology Chemotherapy and the Department of Daytime Chemotherapy in the South Zone, and the Department of Oncology Chemotherapy in the West Zone of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from February to April 2024 for the study. General Information Questionnaire, Financial Toxicity Scale for Cancer Family Caregivers, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used to survey the study participants. Latent categories of financial toxicity were analyzed using Mplus 8.0. Ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of latent categories of financial toxicity among caregivers of cancer patients with chemotherapy. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between latent categories of financial toxicity and PTSD.Results:A total of 256 questionnaires were distributed and 242 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.53% (242/256) . The financial toxicity of 242 caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were classified into three latent categories, including low financial toxicity-low behavior change group (9.92%) , moderate financial toxicity-moderate coping potential group (36.78%) , and high financial toxicity-high coping difficulty group (53.31%) . Ordered Logistic regression analysis showed that work status, occupation, and educational level were influencing factors of potential categories of financial toxicity for caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy ( P<0.05) . Caregivers in moderate financial toxicity-moderate coping potential group and high financial toxicity-high coping difficulty group had more severe PTSD compared with caregivers in low financial toxicity-low behavior change group ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Financial toxicity of caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be categorized into three latent categories, with differences in levels of PTSD in caregivers across financial toxicity categories. It is recommended that healthcare professionals carry out targeted management based on a homogeneous group of financially toxic caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy to alleviate their PTSD.

Objective:To explore the facilitators and barriers of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension, in order to provide a basis for medical staff to formulate precise pulmonary rehabilitation interventions.Methods:The maximum variation purposive sampling method was used. From October to December 2023, a total of 12 patients with pulmonary hypertension attending the Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, were selected as study participants and underwent semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was applied to analyze the data.Results:The facilitators of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with pulmonary hypertension included: capability factor (good exercise habits) ; opportunity factors (supervision and support from family members, professional guidance from medical staff) ; motivation factors (rehabilitation enthusiasm, perceived benefits of exercise). The barriers included: capability factors (obvious perception of physical symptoms, lack of knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation, low level of e-health literacy) ; opportunity factors (unfavorable health environment, limited time) ; motivation factors (fear of exercise, lack of rehabilitation self-discipline) .Conclusions:Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary hypertension is affected by multiple factors. Medical staff should adopt targeted interventions to promote patients' engagement in home-based pulmonary rehabilitation, with the aim of improving cardiopulmonary health, exercise endurance, and quality of life, thereby enhancing clinical prognosis.