Objective To analyze the situation of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) and death of HIV/AIDS in Wuhan from 1994 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for further rapid initiation of ART and reduction of mortality rate. Methods According to the case follow-up and treatment database of China AIDS Prevention and Control Information System, data were obtained from all the cases reported from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2023 with the current address in Wuhan City and the review status of the final review card. The data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results The total mortality rate of HIV/AIDS in Wuhan from 1994 to 2023 was 12.76%. The proportion of receiving antiretroviral therapy within 30 days increased year by year, and the mortality rate decreased year by year. After adjusting for sex, age, occupation, ethnicity, education level, mobile population, history of STD, route of infection, source of sample, and first CD4 value, receiving antiretroviral therapy within 30 days (HR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.07-0.10) was a protective factor for HIV/AIDS mortality. Conclusion Rapid antiretroviral therapy can significantly reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS death. A sustainable model of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy should be further established to increase the proportion of rapid antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in Wuhan.

Objective:To evaluate the protective effectiveness (VE) of the acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years.Methods:A test-negative case-control study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 6 years who sought medical care for cough and underwent pertussis nucleic acid testing at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Cases were defined as those with positive pertussis nucleic acid test results, while controls were test-negative individuals matched 1∶1 based on propensity scores using the caliper matching method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) and VEs. Results:Among the 658 participants, 31.76% (209 cases) tested positive for pertussis. After propensity score matching, 203 cases and 203 controls were included in the analysis. The VE of 1-2, 3, and 4 doses of aPV against pertussis was 52.46% (95% CI:-39.82%-83.84%), 65.22% (95% CI: 6.86%-87.02%), and 72.21% (95% CI: 34.33%-88.24%), respectively. For pertussis-related hospitalization, the VE of 1-3 and 4 doses was 80.95% (95% CI:31.38%-94.71%) and 86.79% (95% CI: 51.89%-96.37%). The VE for those who completed 4 doses of vaccination and had intervals of less than 2 years, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years or more after vaccination were 91.15% (95% CI: 67.61%-97.58%), 84.70% (95% CI: 43.71%-95.84%),56.23% (95% CI:-47.58%-87.02%), and 49.92% (95% CI:-83.74%-86.35%), respectively. Conclusion:The VE of aPV against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years increases with the number of doses administered, and it is more effective in preventing hospitalization due to pertussis. The VE declines rapidly over time after the last dose. It is recommended to follow the new pertussis immunization program for timely and full vaccination.

Self-perceived aging is a key indicator in assessing psychosocial health in older adults. Positive self-perception of aging plays an important role in promoting healthy outcomes in older adults. This paper reviews the concept and main measurement tools of self-perceived aging in older adults, and summarizes the influencing factors of self-perceived aging of older adults based on the health ecology model from four dimensions of personal traits, behavioral traits, interpersonal networks, and living and working conditions, with a view to providing a reference to promote the achievement of the goal of healthy aging.

Self-perceived aging is a key indicator in assessing psychosocial health in older adults. Positive self-perception of aging plays an important role in promoting healthy outcomes in older adults. This paper reviews the concept and main measurement tools of self-perceived aging in older adults, and summarizes the influencing factors of self-perceived aging of older adults based on the health ecology model from four dimensions of personal traits, behavioral traits, interpersonal networks, and living and working conditions, with a view to providing a reference to promote the achievement of the goal of healthy aging.

Objective To explore the effect of interest induction combined with integrated healthcare nursing on improvements of mental health and prognosis in children with lobar pneumonia.Methods A total of 126 children diagnosed as lobar pneumonia in the Hebei Children's Hospital from October 2023 to October 2024 were selected as research objects and randomly divided into study group(n=63)and control group(n=63).The control group received conventional nursing interven-tions,while the study group received the interest induction combined with integrated healthcare nursing model.The time for improvement of clinical symptoms,psychological scores,therapeutic compliance,and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The resolution time for fever,obvious alleviation time for cough,relief time for shortness of breath,and disappear-ance time for moist rales in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the scores of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children(MASC-C)and the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)in both groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention,and the scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The compliance scores of the study group in terms of taking medication on time,functional exercise,dietary adjustment,and self-monitoring dimensions were all significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).In the study group,there was 1 case of atelecta-sis and 1 case of pneumothorax,with a total complication rate of 3.17％(2/63);there was 1 case of pleural effusion,1 case of atelectasis,and 2 cases of pneumothorax in the control group,with a total complication rate of 6.35％(4/63).There was no significant difference in the total complica-tion rate between the two groups(x2=0.700,P＞0.05).Conclusion The interest induction combined with integrated healthcare nursing model can improve therapeutic compliance,shorten the time for improvement of clinical symptoms,and enhance the mental health of children.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral helper T (T PH ) cells are uniquely positioned within pathologically inflamed non-lymphoid tissues to stimulate B-cell responses and antibody production. However, the phenotype, function, and clinical relevance of T PH cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently unknown. METHODS: Blood, tumor, and peritumoral liver tissue samples from 39 HCC patients (Sep 2016-Aug 2017) and 101 HCC patients (Sep 2011-Dec 2012) at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were used. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the expression, phenotype, and function of T PH cells. Log-rank tests were performed to evaluate disease-free survival and overall survival in samples from 39 patients and 101 patients with HCC. T PH cells, CD19 + B cells, and T follicular helper (T FH ) cells were cultured separately in vitro or isolated from C57/B6L mice in vivo for functional assays. RESULTS: T PH cells highly infiltrated tumor tissues, which was correlated with tumor size, early recurrence, and shorter survival time. The tumor-infiltrated T PH cells showed a unique ICOS hi CXCL13 + IL-21 - MAF + BCL-6 - phenotype and triggered naïve B-cell differentiation into regulatory B cells. Triggering programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) induced the production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) by T PH cells, which then suppressed tumor-specific immunity and promoted disease progression. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of T PH cell-regulatory B-cell-mediated immunosuppression and provides an important perspective for determining the balance between the differentiation of protumorigenic T PH cells and that of antitumorigenic T FH cells in the HCC microenvironment.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism* ; Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Female ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism* ; Flow Cytometry ; Interleukin-21 ; Aged ; Chemokine CXCL13/metabolism*

Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Chinese agarwood comprises the resin-containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg., traditionally utilized for treating asthma, cardiac ischemia, and tumors. However, comprehensive research regarding its anti-GC effects and underlying mechanisms remains limited. In this study, Chinese agarwood petroleum ether extract (CAPEE) demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against human GC cells, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for AGS, HGC27, and MGC803 cells of 2.89, 2.46, and 2.37 μg·mL^-1, respectively, at 48 h. CAPEE significantly induced apoptosis in these GC cells, with B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) associated X protein (BAX)/BCL-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK) likely mediating CAPEE-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, CAPEE induced G₀/G₁ phase cell cycle arrest in human GC cells via activation of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage-p21-cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) signaling axis, and increased Fe²⁺, lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thereby inducing ferroptosis. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting analyses revealed CAPEE-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human GC cells. RNA interference studies demonstrated that HO-1 knockdown reduced CAPEE sensitivity and inhibited CAPEE-induced ferroptosis in human GC cells. Additionally, CAPEE administration exhibited robust in vivo anti-GC activity without significant toxicity in nude mice while inhibiting tumor cell growth and promoting apoptosis in tumor tissues. These findings indicate that CAPEE suppresses human GC cell growth through upregulation of the DNA damage-p21-cyclin D1/CDK4 signaling axis and HO-1-mediated ferroptosis, suggesting its potential as a candidate drug for GC treatment.
Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1/genetics* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/genetics* ; DNA Damage/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Thymelaeaceae/chemistry* ; Up-Regulation/drug effects*

Objective:To evaluate the protective effectiveness (VE) of the acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years.Methods:A test-negative case-control study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 6 years who sought medical care for cough and underwent pertussis nucleic acid testing at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Cases were defined as those with positive pertussis nucleic acid test results, while controls were test-negative individuals matched 1∶1 based on propensity scores using the caliper matching method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) and VEs. Results:Among the 658 participants, 31.76% (209 cases) tested positive for pertussis. After propensity score matching, 203 cases and 203 controls were included in the analysis. The VE of 1-2, 3, and 4 doses of aPV against pertussis was 52.46% (95% CI:-39.82%-83.84%), 65.22% (95% CI: 6.86%-87.02%), and 72.21% (95% CI: 34.33%-88.24%), respectively. For pertussis-related hospitalization, the VE of 1-3 and 4 doses was 80.95% (95% CI:31.38%-94.71%) and 86.79% (95% CI: 51.89%-96.37%). The VE for those who completed 4 doses of vaccination and had intervals of less than 2 years, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years or more after vaccination were 91.15% (95% CI: 67.61%-97.58%), 84.70% (95% CI: 43.71%-95.84%),56.23% (95% CI:-47.58%-87.02%), and 49.92% (95% CI:-83.74%-86.35%), respectively. Conclusion:The VE of aPV against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years increases with the number of doses administered, and it is more effective in preventing hospitalization due to pertussis. The VE declines rapidly over time after the last dose. It is recommended to follow the new pertussis immunization program for timely and full vaccination.

Objective To study the medication law of Professor Qian Ying in the treatment of primary liver cancer based on data mining technology;To provide ideas for the clinical treatment of primary liver cancer.Methods Outpatient TCM prescriptions of Professor Qian Ying for the treatment of liver cancer from November 2008 to August 2020 were collected,and a data table was established after sorting.The drug frequency,property and taste and tropism were analyzed using Excel 2019.The medical case analysis module of the Great Physician Inheritance Platform was used to analyze the core drugs,the symbiosis analysis between drug pairs,the drug association analysis,and the drug clustering analysis of the screened TCM prescriptions.Results Totally 108 prescriptions were included,involving 188 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a total frequency of 1 322 times.High-frequency drugs included Hedyotis Sinensis,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Visci Herba,Curcumae Radix,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,etc.The medicinal properties were mainly cold,mild and warm,and the tastes were mainly bitter,sweet and pungent,and the main meridians were liver meridians,spleen meridians,kidney meridians and stomach meridians.There were 9 pairs of high frequency drug combinations in drug association,such as Curcumae Radix-Polygoni Orientalis Fructus,Visci Herba-Curcumae Rhizoma.In the correlation analysis of drug disease,the ones with higher correlations include"stomachache-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma""abdominal mass-Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium""tinnitus-Adenophorae Radix,Lycii Fructus,Visci Herba""prolonged sublingual collaterals-Curcumae Rhizoma,Polygoni Orientalis Fructus,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma"and so on.Drug clustering could be divided into three potential drug clusters.Conclusion Professor Qian Ying often uses heat-clearing drugs,tonifying drugs,and promoting qi and blood circulation drugs to treat liver cancer,with Huqi Powder as the main formula and modified according to the syndromes.Clearing heat and detoxifying,soothing liver and relieving depression,removing blood stasis and regulating collatrals are used to treat its symptoms,and tonifying qi and invigorating spleen,regulating liver and nourishing liver and kidney are used to treat its essence.

Objective To explore the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine's five-element music therapy com-bined with individualized emotional counseling intervention in patients with autoimmune liver disease of liver de-pression and spleen deficiency type.Methods 74 patients with autoimmune liver disease of liver depression and spleen deficiency type who were admitted to the hepatology department of a tertiary hospital from January 2021 to February 2022 were selected as research subjects,and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group by a random number table with 37 cases in each group.The control group was given routine treatment and nursing care,as well as Traditional Chinese Medicine's emotional nursing.The experimental group received Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine's five-element music therapy combined with individualized emotional counseling intervention on the basis of routine treatment and nursing care,with an intervention period of 4 weeks.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHQ-9)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used to evaluate patients within 24 hours after admission and after 4 weeks of intervention.Results A total of 72 patients completed the study,with 36 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group.Before and after intervention,the scores of GAD-7,PHQ-9,and PSQI in the experimental group were compared,and the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).After the intervention,the GAD-7 score in the experimental group was(7.89±3.15),which was lower than(10.14±4.41)in the control group.The PHQ-9 score was(12.33±4.08)in the ex-perimental group,which was lower than(14.64±5.34)in the control group.The PSQI score was(12.39±3.06)points,which was lower than(14.22±3.37)in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of Traditional Chinese Medicine's five-element music therapy combined with individual-ized emotional guidance intervention can effectively improve the sleep quality and help alleviate negative emotions in patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency type of autoimmune liver disease.