Objective:To analyze the attributable burden of active smoking on the deaths of cancer in inhabitants aged 30 years and above in Zhejiang Province.Methods:Comparative risk assessment approach in the Global Burden of Disease Study was used with the data from Zhejiang Adult Tobacco Surveillance System and Death Monitoring Surveillance System in 2020, and population attributable fraction (PAF), years of life lost (YLL), work of potential years of life lost (WPYLL) attributed to smoking on the deaths of cancer in inhabitants aged 30 years and above in Zhejiang Province were calculated with a linear regression model.Results:In 2020, there were 81 536 cancer deaths aged 30 years and above in the surveillance areas of Zhejiang Province, of which 24 518 were attributed to active smoking (PAF: 30.07%, attributable mortality rate: 55.04/100 000). The YLL was 553 078 person-years, with a standardized YLL rate of 12.40‰, and the WPYLL was 56 606 person-years. Among various cancer types, laryngeal cancer had the highest smoking-attributable PAF (44.75%), while lung cancer accounted for the most significant number of attributable deaths and life loss, with an age-standardized YLL rate of 4.65‰.Conclusions:Active smoking is a significant risk factor for cancer mortality in Zhejiang Province, with lung cancer posing the most significant disease burden. It is urgent to advance tobacco control legislation, strengthen targeted interventions, and promote early cancer screening to reduce the disease burden associated with smoking-related cancers effectively.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

Objective:To analyze the intention to receive influenza vaccination and its associated factors among urban and rural residents aged≥50 in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2024.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024 through a multi-stage intercept survey in 35 counties (cities, districts) selected from a total of 90 in Zhejiang Province, involving 175 communities/villages. The survey targeted residents visiting local hospitals and community health service centers/community health clinics. The questionnaire included basic demographic information, knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment, chronic disease status, history of influenza vaccination, and intention to vaccinate. Urban and rural residents were classified based on their registered residence, according to the "Rules for Compilation of Statistical Regional Code and Urban-Rural Division Code" issued by the National Bureau of Statistics. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the intention to receive the influenza vaccine.Results:A total of 10 500 participants were surveyed, comprising 4 885 rural residents (46.52%) and 5 615 urban residents (53.48%). Of these, 3 430 rural residents (70.21%) and 3 718 urban residents (66.22%) expressed intention to receive the influenza vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that for rural residents aged≥50, younger age groups (50-59 years: OR=1.747, 95% CI: 1.290-2.366; 60-69 years: OR=1.838, 95% CI: 1.401-2.411), history of influenza vaccination ( OR=6.721, 95% CI: 5.152-8.767), doctor′s recommendation for vaccination ( OR=3.788, 95% CI: 3.078-4.662), and higher scores on knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment ( OR=1.090, 95% CI: 1.054-1.128) were significant promoting factors for vaccination intent. For urban residents aged≥50, belonging to the 60-69 age group ( OR=1.264, 95% CI: 1.023-1.563), history of influenza vaccination ( OR=5.392, 95% CI: 4.309-6.748), doctor′s recommendation for vaccination ( OR=5.307, 95% CI: 4.420-6.371), and higher scores on knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment ( OR=1.051, 95% CI: 1.021-1.082) were significant promoting factors for vaccination intent. Conclusions:The intention to receive the influenza vaccination is notably high among residents aged≥50 in both urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province, yet there remains potential for improvement. Age, history of influenza vaccination, doctor recommendation, and knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment are significant factors influencing the intention to receive the influenza vaccination.

Objective:To analyze the pneumococcal vaccination rate and the influencing factors among residents aged≥50 in Zhejiang Province.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024. A multi-stage intercept survey was used to intercept and survey 10 500 residents who visited or underwent physical examinations at 175 community health service centers/clinics in 35 counties (cities, districts) of Zhejiang Province. The questionnaire included basic demographic characteristics, history of pneumonia, chronic disease conditions, pneumococcal vaccination status, doctor recommendation, reasons for vaccination/non-vaccination, and channels for obtaining pneumococcal vaccine information. Participants were grouped based on demographic characteristics, chronic diseases conditions, history of pneumonia and doctor recommendations. The chi-square test was used to assess differences in vaccination rates among demographic groups while binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors affecting the vaccination rate.Results:Among the 10 500 surveyed participants, 1 724 (16.42%) had received pneumococcal vaccination. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher vaccination rates among those who received a doctor recommendation compared to those without (26.25% vs 7.59%; OR=4.414, 95% CI: 3.851-5.059). Participants benefiting from the free vaccination policy showed higher vaccination rates than those who didn′t (47.59% vs 5.18%; OR=12.527, 95% CI: 10.723-14.634). The top three reasons for getting vaccinated against pneumonia were the free vaccination policy (65.43%), community promotion (52.15%), and family recommendations (42.34%). The top three sources through which respondents learned about the pneumococcal vaccine were television (64.64%), doctors (59.81%) and family members (50.92%). Conclusion:The pneumococcal vaccination rate among residents aged≥50 years in Zhejiang Province is relatively high but still needs further improvement, with vaccination rates closely associated with factors such as free vaccination policy and doctor recommendation.

Objective:To analyze the attributable burden of active smoking on the deaths of cancer in inhabitants aged 30 years and above in Zhejiang Province.Methods:Comparative risk assessment approach in the Global Burden of Disease Study was used with the data from Zhejiang Adult Tobacco Surveillance System and Death Monitoring Surveillance System in 2020, and population attributable fraction (PAF), years of life lost (YLL), work of potential years of life lost (WPYLL) attributed to smoking on the deaths of cancer in inhabitants aged 30 years and above in Zhejiang Province were calculated with a linear regression model.Results:In 2020, there were 81 536 cancer deaths aged 30 years and above in the surveillance areas of Zhejiang Province, of which 24 518 were attributed to active smoking (PAF: 30.07%, attributable mortality rate: 55.04/100 000). The YLL was 553 078 person-years, with a standardized YLL rate of 12.40‰, and the WPYLL was 56 606 person-years. Among various cancer types, laryngeal cancer had the highest smoking-attributable PAF (44.75%), while lung cancer accounted for the most significant number of attributable deaths and life loss, with an age-standardized YLL rate of 4.65‰.Conclusions:Active smoking is a significant risk factor for cancer mortality in Zhejiang Province, with lung cancer posing the most significant disease burden. It is urgent to advance tobacco control legislation, strengthen targeted interventions, and promote early cancer screening to reduce the disease burden associated with smoking-related cancers effectively.

Objective:To analyze the intention to receive influenza vaccination and its associated factors among urban and rural residents aged≥50 in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2024.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024 through a multi-stage intercept survey in 35 counties (cities, districts) selected from a total of 90 in Zhejiang Province, involving 175 communities/villages. The survey targeted residents visiting local hospitals and community health service centers/community health clinics. The questionnaire included basic demographic information, knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment, chronic disease status, history of influenza vaccination, and intention to vaccinate. Urban and rural residents were classified based on their registered residence, according to the "Rules for Compilation of Statistical Regional Code and Urban-Rural Division Code" issued by the National Bureau of Statistics. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the intention to receive the influenza vaccine.Results:A total of 10 500 participants were surveyed, comprising 4 885 rural residents (46.52%) and 5 615 urban residents (53.48%). Of these, 3 430 rural residents (70.21%) and 3 718 urban residents (66.22%) expressed intention to receive the influenza vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that for rural residents aged≥50, younger age groups (50-59 years: OR=1.747, 95% CI: 1.290-2.366; 60-69 years: OR=1.838, 95% CI: 1.401-2.411), history of influenza vaccination ( OR=6.721, 95% CI: 5.152-8.767), doctor′s recommendation for vaccination ( OR=3.788, 95% CI: 3.078-4.662), and higher scores on knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment ( OR=1.090, 95% CI: 1.054-1.128) were significant promoting factors for vaccination intent. For urban residents aged≥50, belonging to the 60-69 age group ( OR=1.264, 95% CI: 1.023-1.563), history of influenza vaccination ( OR=5.392, 95% CI: 4.309-6.748), doctor′s recommendation for vaccination ( OR=5.307, 95% CI: 4.420-6.371), and higher scores on knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment ( OR=1.051, 95% CI: 1.021-1.082) were significant promoting factors for vaccination intent. Conclusions:The intention to receive the influenza vaccination is notably high among residents aged≥50 in both urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province, yet there remains potential for improvement. Age, history of influenza vaccination, doctor recommendation, and knowledge related to influenza prevention and treatment are significant factors influencing the intention to receive the influenza vaccination.

Objective:To analyze the pneumococcal vaccination rate and the influencing factors among residents aged≥50 in Zhejiang Province.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2024. A multi-stage intercept survey was used to intercept and survey 10 500 residents who visited or underwent physical examinations at 175 community health service centers/clinics in 35 counties (cities, districts) of Zhejiang Province. The questionnaire included basic demographic characteristics, history of pneumonia, chronic disease conditions, pneumococcal vaccination status, doctor recommendation, reasons for vaccination/non-vaccination, and channels for obtaining pneumococcal vaccine information. Participants were grouped based on demographic characteristics, chronic diseases conditions, history of pneumonia and doctor recommendations. The chi-square test was used to assess differences in vaccination rates among demographic groups while binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors affecting the vaccination rate.Results:Among the 10 500 surveyed participants, 1 724 (16.42%) had received pneumococcal vaccination. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher vaccination rates among those who received a doctor recommendation compared to those without (26.25% vs 7.59%; OR=4.414, 95% CI: 3.851-5.059). Participants benefiting from the free vaccination policy showed higher vaccination rates than those who didn′t (47.59% vs 5.18%; OR=12.527, 95% CI: 10.723-14.634). The top three reasons for getting vaccinated against pneumonia were the free vaccination policy (65.43%), community promotion (52.15%), and family recommendations (42.34%). The top three sources through which respondents learned about the pneumococcal vaccine were television (64.64%), doctors (59.81%) and family members (50.92%). Conclusion:The pneumococcal vaccination rate among residents aged≥50 years in Zhejiang Province is relatively high but still needs further improvement, with vaccination rates closely associated with factors such as free vaccination policy and doctor recommendation.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective:To investigate the exposure to tobacco advertisement/promotion and smoking scenes from television/movie/video among middle school students in Zhejiang Province in 2021, and the influence on the knowledge and behavior about smoking of the students.Methods:Total 7 692 students were selected from 60 middle schools with the proportional probability sampling (PPS) method in Zhejiang Province. The investigation was performed with self-administered questionnaire survey which consisted of tobacco use, exposure to tobacco advertisement/promotion, et. The collected data was weighted and analyzed using the complex survey module of SPSS 21.0 software.Results:The prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisement/promotion and smoking scenes from television/movie/video among the middle school students were 24.8% and 63.8% respectively. In recent 30 d, among those who had been exposed to the tobacco retail point, the proportion of those exposed to tobacco advertisement/promotion was 46.1%, and among those who surfed the internet, the proportion of those exposed to tobacco advertisement/video was 23.4%. Among the whole students, the proportion of those exposed to free tobacco product was 2.4%. The junior middle school students, regular high school students, and vocational school students who had been exposed to tobacco advertisement/promotion were more likely to feel smoking more comfortable in social occasions (5.6%, 6.7%, 8.8%), to feel smoking attractive for the young (9.1%, 8.4%, 8.8%), and also had higher rate of attempted smoking (12.5%, 16.9%, 20.5%) than non-exposed ones (junior middle school students: 2.3%, 5.5%, 4.8%; regular high school students: 2.9%, 2.9%, 9.8%; vocational school students: 4.0%, 4.0%, 15.3%) (all P<0.05). Among the students who had seen television/movie/video within 30 days, the junior middle school students, regular high school students, and vocational school students who had been exposed to smoking-related scenes had higher rate of attempted smoking (8.1%, 14.7%, 20.0%) than non-exposed ones (5.4%, 8.0%, 10.6%) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisement/promotion and smoking scenes from television/movie/video are relatively high among the middle school students in Zhejiang province, which make exposed students more likely to report positive attitude to tobacco use, and more likely to smoke, to attempt to smoke.