Crohn 's disease (CD) is an intestinal inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, the pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is responsible for the autonomous regulation of intestinal function. Therefore, ENS dysfunction may be the core of the pathophysiological mechanism of CD. Here, we review the pathophysiological mechanism by which ENS contributes to the development of CD, with a focus on the role of aberrant histological manifestations of ENS and plexitis in predicting the recurrence of CD following surgery.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*

This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and metabolic characteristics of three marine-derived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease: piericidin A (PA) and its two glycosides (GPAs), glucopiericidin A (GPA) and 13-hydroxyglucopiericidin A (13-OH-GPA). The research aims to facilitate lead selection and optimization for developing a viable preclinical candidate. Rapid absorption of PA and GPAs in mice was observed, characterized by short half-lives and low bioavailability. Glycosides and hydroxyl groups significantly enhanced the absorption rate (13-OH-GPA > GPA > PA). PA and GPAs exhibited metabolic instability in liver microsomes due to Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases (UGTs). Glucuronidation emerged as the primary metabolic pathway, with UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, and UGT1A10 demonstrating high elimination rates (30%-70%) for PA and GPAs. This rapid glucuronidation may contribute to the low bioavailability of GPAs. Despite its low bioavailability (2.69%), 13-OH-GPA showed higher kidney distribution (19.8%) compared to PA (10.0%) and GPA (7.3%), suggesting enhanced biological efficacy in kidney diseases. Modifying the C-13 hydroxyl group appears to be a promising approach to improve bioavailability. In conclusion, this study provides valuable metabolic insights for the development and optimization of marine-derived piericidins as potential drug leads for kidney disease.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Aquatic Organisms/chemistry* ; Biological Availability ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism* ; Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism* ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism* ; Molecular Structure ; Biological Products/pharmacokinetics* ; Pyridines/pharmacokinetics*

Objective: To analyze the changing trend and distribution characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors in Hebei, thereby providing data to support strategy and procedure adjustment for blood collection and supply institutions. Methods: Data from 12 blood stations in Hebei Province from 2012 to 2021 were collected. These data were analyzed to determine trends in anti-HCV antibody double reagent reactive rate and to characterize its distribution among different donor categories, genders and birth cohorts. Results: During the period from 2012 to 2021, a total of 7.4576 million samples were tested at 12 blood stations in Hebei Province, with 3.4659 million (46.47%) from first-time donors, and 3.9917 million (53.53%) from repeat donors. The number (of anti-HCV double reagent reactive samples was 7167 (9.61/10 000). The anti-HCV double reagent reactive rate showed a annual downward trend (P<0.05), from 17.40/10 000 at the beginning to 4.95/10 000 at the end of the study period. Additionally, the double reagent reactive rate of repeat blood donors had remained below 1/10 000 since 2017. The double reagent reactive rate of first-time blood donors (19.42/10 000) was higher than in repeat donors (1.09/10 000) (P<0.05), and the double-reagent reactive rate of female first-time blood donors (20.98/10 000) was higher than that of male first-time blood donors (18.49/10 000) (P<0.05). The anti-HCV double reagent reactive rate among first-time donors exhibited two distinct peaks within the pre-1976 and 1989-1994 birth cohorts, with notable gender differences observed in both peak periods. The rate of double reagent reactive in females born before 1976 (52.22/10 000) was higher than that in males (32.28/10 000) (P<0.05), while that of males born in 1989-1994 was higher (25.75/10 000) than that of females (14.28/10 000) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalenc of HCV infection among blood donors in Hebei Province has shown a consistent year-over-year decline over the study period. The majority of infected individuals are found among the first-time blood donors born before 1995. These trends and characteristics provide valuable insights for developing pre-blood collection screening strategies, analyzing nucleic acid test data in blood screening, adjusting blood screening procedures, and provide evidence for targeted screening of high-risk populations as part of public health initiatives to eliminate hepatitis C.

Objective:To explore the potential profile characteristics of cancer-related worries in patients after surgery for early-stage lung cancer, and the influencing factors of different categories, provide reference for patients to formulate individualized rehabilitation programs and psychological intervention measures.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to conveniently select patients who received outpatient follow-up after lung cancer surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from October 2022 to October 2023 as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Brief Cancer-related Worry Inventory, the Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire were examined. Latent profile analysis was performed on the cancer-related worry scores of lung cancer surgery patients, and its influencing factors were explored by binary Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 302 patients after lung cancer surgery were included, including 111 males and 191 females, aged 18-83(52.73 ± 13.07) years, and the Chinese version of the Brief Cancer-related Worry Inventory scored 380.00 (130.00, 720.00) points. The cancer-related worry of patients after lung cancer surgery could be divided into two potential profile categories: "high worry type" (138 patients accounted for 45.70%) and "low worry type" (164 patients accounted for 54.30%). Symptom burden ( OR=1.055, 95% CI 1.039-1.072), illness perception ( OR=1.190, 95% CI 1.127-1.256), resilience ( OR=0.933, 95% CI 0.886-0.983), and coping modes of confrontation ( OR=0.857, 95% CI 0.757-0.971) and acceptance-resignation ( OR=1.247, 95% CI 1.050-1.481) were influencing factors for grouping cancer related worry profiles (all P<0.05). Conclusions:There was significant heterogeneity in the level of cancer-related worries among patients after surgery for early-stage lung cancer. It is recommended that medical staff provide targeted continuity care measures based on the characteristics of worries of different categories of patients to improve patients' postoperative mental health and quality of life.

Crohn 's disease (CD) is an intestinal inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, the pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is responsible for the autonomous regulation of intestinal function. Therefore, ENS dysfunction may be the core of the pathophysiological mechanism of CD. Here, we review the pathophysiological mechanism by which ENS contributes to the development of CD, with a focus on the role of aberrant histological manifestations of ENS and plexitis in predicting the recurrence of CD following surgery.

Objective:To explore the potential profile characteristics of cancer-related worries in patients after surgery for early-stage lung cancer, and the influencing factors of different categories, provide reference for patients to formulate individualized rehabilitation programs and psychological intervention measures.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to conveniently select patients who received outpatient follow-up after lung cancer surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from October 2022 to October 2023 as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Brief Cancer-related Worry Inventory, the Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire were examined. Latent profile analysis was performed on the cancer-related worry scores of lung cancer surgery patients, and its influencing factors were explored by binary Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 302 patients after lung cancer surgery were included, including 111 males and 191 females, aged 18-83(52.73 ± 13.07) years, and the Chinese version of the Brief Cancer-related Worry Inventory scored 380.00 (130.00, 720.00) points. The cancer-related worry of patients after lung cancer surgery could be divided into two potential profile categories: "high worry type" (138 patients accounted for 45.70%) and "low worry type" (164 patients accounted for 54.30%). Symptom burden ( OR=1.055, 95% CI 1.039-1.072), illness perception ( OR=1.190, 95% CI 1.127-1.256), resilience ( OR=0.933, 95% CI 0.886-0.983), and coping modes of confrontation ( OR=0.857, 95% CI 0.757-0.971) and acceptance-resignation ( OR=1.247, 95% CI 1.050-1.481) were influencing factors for grouping cancer related worry profiles (all P<0.05). Conclusions:There was significant heterogeneity in the level of cancer-related worries among patients after surgery for early-stage lung cancer. It is recommended that medical staff provide targeted continuity care measures based on the characteristics of worries of different categories of patients to improve patients' postoperative mental health and quality of life.

Objective:To establish a prediction model of risk factors for early Q-T interval prolongation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which helps prevent and reduce the occurrence of acute malignant events.Methods:This is a case-control study. A total of 100 patients with Q-T interval prolongation after AMI who received treatment at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were included in this study. An additional 100 patients without Q-T interval prolongation after AMI who concurrently received treatment in the same hospital were also included in this study. Two model groups, including model group 1 (with Q-T interval prolongation, n = 50) and model group 2 (without Q-T interval prolongation, n = 50), and two test groups, including test group 1 (with Q-T interval prolongation, n = 50) and test group 2 (without Q-T interval prolongation, n = 50), were designated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to construct a prediction model of risk factors for Q-T interval prolongation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was determined to evaluate the prediction model. The value of the prediction model was validated in the test groups. Results:Multivariate logistic regression showed that female gender ( OR = 2.307, 95% CI: 0.09-0.91, P = 0.041) and heart failure ( OR = 3.087, 95% CI: 1.15-8.27, P = 0.025) were independent risk factors for early Q-T interval prolongation after AMI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.770, with a sensitivity of 84.0%, a specificity of 66.0%, the Jordan index of 0.44, and the corresponding optimal critical value of 0.43. This indicates good fit of the model. Conclusion:Female gender and heart failure are independent risk factors for early Q-T interval prolongation after AMI. The model constructed based on the above-mentioned risk factors fits well and has a high predictive value, which helps reduce the occurrence of early Q-T interval prolongation after AMI.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and conformity of cone contrast test (CCT) and pseudoisochromatic plate test applied in medical selection of pilot.Methods:One hundred and sixteen male students were selected from pilot candidates by stratified sampling method. All students were tested the pseudoisochromatic plate test and the red, green, and blue cone contrast sensitivity and were divided into normal group, color weakness group and color blindness group according to the results of the pseudoisochromatic plate test. The students with a CCT score below 75 were judged as color vision anomalopia. The coincidence rates of the 2 detection results were compared and analyzed.Results:There were 76 students in normal group, 9 students in color weakness group and 31 students in color blindness group. Students with color vision abnormalities were mainly characterized by red-green color blindness and green color weakness, manifested by a significant decrease in CCT scores of red and green ( P=0.012 or <0.001), but there was no significant difference in the blue CCT scores among 3 groups (both P>0.05). The CCT scores of normal students were not less than 75 points, which meant that the compliance rate was 100%. The proportion of students in the color blindness group below 75 points was 29/31 (with a conformity rate of 93.5%), while the proportion in the color weakness group was 2/9. Conclusions:The conclusions of CCT and pseudoisochromatic plate test for identifying color blindness and normal students are basically consistent, but the conformity rate for identifying color weakness assessment by pseudoisochromatic plate test is relatively low. It is suggested that CCT would be the complement for identifying color weakness and marginal color vision abnormalities in the medical selection for pilot.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.