The literature on the characteristics, commodity grade specifications and chemical composition of Angelicae Sinensis Radix was reviewed. It was found that the main factors affecting the changes of traits and chemical composition of Angelicae Sinensis Radix included origin, altitude, climate, soil, cultivation methods, processing and processing methods and storage methods. Among them, the volatile oil types and ferulic acid content of Angelicae Sinensis Radix produced in Minxian County of Gansu Province were better than those in some non-authentic producing areas, but some component differences remained to be verified; direct seeding and film mulching cultivation could improve the yield, volatile oil and polysaccharide content of Angelicae Sinensis Radix; continuous cropping may lead to rhizosphere soil problems of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and rotation or intercropping could be considered; drying in the shade and smoking drying could retain the oil and aroma of Angelicae Sinensis Radix; wine stir-frying method could increase the content of Z-ligustilide, but stir-frying carbon may reduce the content of ferulic acid; high temperature and high humidity storage may affect the content of ligustilide. In the future, the quality evaluation system of Angelicae Sinensis Radix should be strengthened and improved, genuine research should be strengthened, and scientific field management methods and appropriate harvesting and processing methods should be established, so as to ensure the good clinical efficacy and stable and controllable quality of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the number of oil chambers,the proportion of phloem at cross-section of Aucklandiae Radix and the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone,and the correlation between inulin quantity,vessel quantity and polysaccharide content in powder characteristics,so as to explore the scientific basis for Aucklandiae Radix"identifying the quality based on appearance differentiation".Methods The constant values of the microscopic features of oil chambers,inulin and vessels were determined by cross-sectional permanent slice method,chloral hydrate method and counting analysis method,and the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone as well as polysaccharide content were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and the phenol-sulfuric acid method,respectively,and the correlation in the two groups of data was analyzed by statistical methods.Results There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of oil chambers per unit area in the cross-section of Aucklandiae Radix and the number of oil chambers per unit area in the phloem and the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone;there was a significantly positive correlation between the quantity of inulin in the powder of Aucklandiae Radix and the polysaccharide content;there was no correlation between the quantity of vessels and the polysaccharide content.Conclusion This study initially established a new method and a new technology for quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines based on the determination of microscopic characteristic constants of Aucklandiae Radix,which can provide a new technical method for the quality control of Aucklandiae Radix.

Based on the standards of modern Chinese medicinal materials, literature and records of ancient books, this article reviewed the preliminary processing of Aucklandiae Radix and processing of its decoction pieces. There are some problems in the records of the initial processing of Aucklandiae Radix, such as lack of specific parameters, inconsistent processing sequence, unclear removal methods of fibrous roots and soil, inconsistent cutting specifications, drying methods and temperature. Different processing methods of Aucklandiae Radix decoction pieces can lead to differences in the content of their index components. From the initial processing of the producing area to softening, slicing, and then secondary drying, it may increase production costs and time, and lead to the loss of active components. There are more than 20 kinds of processing methods in ancient books, such as stirfrying, baking, simmering, grinding juice and so on. However, only paper simmering, bran stirfrying and Coptidis Rhizoma processing are commonly used at present, and other processing methods have great exploration space. Referring to the research results of freshcut processing of other Chinese materia medica containing volatile components, it is considered that the key to ensure the quality of Chinese materia medica and decoction pieces is to formulate a standardized process flow of freshcut processing of Aucklandiae Radix.

Dendrobium is one of the valuable Chinese herbs in China,and Dendrobium officinale is the top grade of Dendrobium,which is recorded in many ancient medical texts as having the efficacy of treating diabetes.Modern pharmacological research shows that Dendrobium has the effects of anti-tumor,anti-fatigue,immune regulation,anti-aging,and regulation of glycolipid metabolism.In clinical application,Dendrobium officinale also has the function of balancing glucose and lipid metabolism,improving insulin resistance,promoting insulin secretion,improving the function of islet cells,and has a certain role in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.At present,there is a lack of systematic review of the pharmacological mechanism of Dendrobium officinale in the treatment of diabetes.In order to understand the pharmacological action of Dendrobium officinale in the treatment of diabetes more comprehensively,and to provide a reference for further pharmacological research,so that it can be better applied in clinics,this paper reviews the research progress of the pharmacological mechanism of Dendrobium officinale in the treatment of diabetes.

【Objective】 To analyze the basic characteristics of whole blood donors from blood stations before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. 【Methods】 After excluding invalid data, data related to the basic characteristics of whole blood donors collected from 26 blood stations in China during 2018 to 2021 were statistically analyzed, including the trend of total whole blood donors, the number of repeated blood donors, the frequency of blood donation, the average age of donors and the recruitment of first-time blood donors. 【Results】 Affected by the epidemic, 8 out of 14 indicators were with large variations, accounting for 57%. The overall growth rate of total whole blood donors during the epidemic was higher than before the epidemic (P<0.05).The number of repeated blood donors has shown an increased trend, with a higher number during the epidemic than before (P<0.05). The frequency of blood donation was lower during the epidemic than before(P<0.05).Average ages of blood donors and female blood donors fluctuated widely during the epidemic, both higher than those before the epidemic(P<0.05).The donation rate of first-time blood donors <25 years old and ≥25 years old varied widely and irregularly during the epidemic (both P<0.05). The percentage of first-time blood donors fluctuated irregularly during the epidemic, with overall percentage lower than that before the epidemic(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Whole blood donors from 26 blood stations increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, and some indicators in certain areas showed significant fluctuations during the epidemic.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance， hyperinsulinemia， and disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism， with elevated blood glucose as the main clinical manifestation. Due to its complex etiology and pathogenesis， there is no effective treatment， which critically threatens human health and places a heavy burden on society and families. Saponins are a class of glycosides with complex structures that have the advantage of a wide range of sources， elevated safety， and low adverse effects. As an essential active ingredient in Chinese medicine， Chinese medicine saponins have a variety of biological activities such as hypoglycemia， hypoglycaemia， anti-inflammation， antioxidation， anti-tumor， and immune modulation. In recent years， numerous studies have shown that Chinese medicine saponins are effective in preventing and treating T2DM. Although there have been numerous studies on the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine saponins， there has been no systematic review of the mechanisms of Chinese medicine saponins in the treatment of T2DM. Therefore， to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the hypoglycemic effects of Chinese medicine saponins and a scientific basis for the development and clinical application of drugs， this paper systematically summarized the hypoglycemic mechanisms of Chinese medicine saponins， such as improving islet β-cell function， improving insulin resistance， inhibiting glycosidase activity， reducing the inflammatory response， anti-oxidative stress， and regulating intestinal flora， and analyzed the current research problems and development trends.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Loulianwan on the gut microbiota of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. MethodMale db/m+ mice aged 4-5 weeks were assigned to the normal group， and male db/db model mice of the same age were randomly divided into model group， metformin group （0.25 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Loulianwan group （13 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with six mice in each group. Drug intervention lasted five weeks. The body weight， water intake， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） of the mice were recorded every week. After five weeks， the FBG， liver triglyceride （TG）， liver total cholesterol （TC）， glycated serum protein （GSP）， and fasting serum insulin （FINS） were detected， and the insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） was calculated. The feces in the mouse intestines were collected， and the 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to detect the structural changes in the fecal gut microbiota of mice in each group. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increased body weight， water intake， FBG， liver TG， liver TC， GSP， FINS， and HOMA-IR （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Loulianwan group showed reduced water intake， FBG， liver TG， liver TC， GSP， FINS， and HOMA-IR （P<0.01）. The gut microbiota in the Loulian Lills group changed from phylum to genus level. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria increased and the relative abundance of harmful bacteria decreased. Among them， the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila， Blautia， Ruminococcus， and Parabacteroides increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionLoulianwan can significantly improve glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice with T2DM， and its mechanism may be related to the increase in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila， Blautia， Ruminococcus， and Parabacteroides in the intestine.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Tongsai granules(TSG)on epithelial barrier dysfunction in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,TSG group,and moxifloxacin(MXF)+salbutamol(STL)group.Rat COPD model was established over 8 weeks.On day 3 of week 9,the rats with COPD were intratracheally administered Klebsiella pneumoniae to establish the AECOPD model.On days 1 to 2 and 4 to 7 in week 9,saline was administered via oral gavage to the rats in control and model groups,and the rats in TSG and MXF+ STL groups were treated daily with TSG and MXF+STL by gavage,respectively.Peak expiratory flow(PEF),histopatho-logical changes,and the expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),matrix me-talloproteinase 2(MMP2),MMP9,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),E-cadherin(E-Cad)and occludin(OCC)were deter-mined.Moreover,human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract(CSE)and treated with different TSG fractions,and the protein levels of ZO-1,E-Cad,OCC,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),phosphorylated EGFR(p-EGFR),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and phosphorylated ERK(p-ERK)were determined.RESULTS:Treatment with TSG significantly reduced bronchial wall thickness,mean linear intercept,and the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP2 and MMP9(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),significantly increased mean alveolar number and PEF(P＜0.01),and up-regulated the ZO-1,E-Cad and OCC protein levels(P＜0.01)in the lungs of AECOPD rats.Treatment with TSG2,the second TSG fraction,increased the protein levels of ZO-1,E-Cad and OCC in a dose-dependent manner in CSE-exposed BEAS-2B cells(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Network pharmacology analysis of 328 targets of the com-pounds in TSG2 and 3 864 genes related to AECOPD suggested that TSG2 relieved AECOPD likely through the regulation of ERBB2,ERK,EGFR,IL and WNT signaling pathways.Treatment with TSG2 also inhibited CSE-induced increases in p-EGFR and p-ERK levels in BEAS-2B cells(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Treatment with TSG could maintain airway epithelial barrier function in AECOPD rats,likely through the inhibition of EGFR/ERK signaling pathway.

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of 141 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and the imaging characteristics of High Resolution CT(HRCT) in the chest. Methods: From January 20, 2020 to 28, 141 NCP patients, 77 males and 64 females, with a median age of 49 (9,87), were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, laboratory examination indexes and HRCT findings of 141 NCP patients were analyzed. Results: In 141 NCP patients, 38 (26.95%) had a decrease in leukocyte count and 71 (50.35%) had a decrease in lymphocyte ratio. Among 141 NCP patients, 139 (98.58%) had fever (over 37.5 ° C), 106 (75.18%) coughed, 11 (7.80%) had headache, 41 (29.08%) coughed up sputum, 93 (65.96%) had chest distress, and 4 (2.84%) had diarrhea. HRCT of 141 NCP patients were abnormal, 52 (36.88%) showed ground glass shadow (GGO) and patchy shadow, mainly subpleural distribution; 23 (16.31%) showed GGO with focal consolidation; 27 (19.15%) had small patchy blur; 20 (14.18%) had large patchy consolidation; 48 (34.04%) had bronchovascular bundle thickening and vascular perforator sign; 5 (3.55%) had Air bronchus sign; small nodule shadow in 7 cases (4.96%); fibrosis, grid shadow or strip shadow in 5 cases (3.55%); bilateral pleural effusion in 7 cases (4.96%); mediastinal or bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in 4 cases (2.84%). Conclusions The clinical features and HRCT images of NCP are various. Under the specific epidemiological background of NCP, HRCT scan of chest should be carried out in time to make early warning of disease.