Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement is one of the most significant subtypes of temporomandibular joint disorders, but its etiology and mechanism are poorly understood. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms by which destruction of inflamed collagen fibrils induces alterations in the mechanical properties and positioning of the TMJ disc. By constructing a rat model of TMJ arthritis, we observed anteriorly dislocated TMJ discs with aggravated deformity in vivo from five weeks to six months after a local injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. By mimicking inflammatory conditions with interleukin-1 beta in vitro, we observed enhanced expression of collagen-synthesis markers in primary TMJ disc cells cultured in a conventional two-dimensional environment. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D)-cultivated disc cell sheets demonstrated the disordered assembly of inflamed collagen fibrils, inappropriate arrangement, and decreased Young's modulus. Mechanistically, inflammation-related activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway occurs during the progression of TMJ arthritis. NF-κB inhibition reduced the collagen fibril destruction in the inflamed disc cell sheets in vitro, and early NF-κB blockade alleviated collagen degeneration and dislocation of the TMJ discs in vivo. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway participates in the collagen remodeling in inflamed TMJ discs, offering a potential therapeutic target for disc displacement.
Animals ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/pathology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Collagen/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Joint Dislocations/pathology* ; Interleukin-1beta ; Arthritis, Experimental

Objective To evaluate the fallopian tube patency with transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (3D-HyCoSy) in diagnosis of infertility.Methods Taking laparoscopy and dye test as the reference standard,a total of 126 infertile women underwent both transvaginal real-time 3D-HyCoSy with SonoVue and laparoscopy.Bilateral fallopian tubes were dynamic observed.Results Transvaginal real-time 3D-HyCoSy showed that in clinical suspected infertility patients,125 fallopian tubes were patent,81 fallopian tubes were narrow and circuitous,and 37 fallopian tubes were obstructed.Among all the patients,60 cases (115 fallopian tubes) underwent laparoscopy with chromopertubation.The results showed that 10 fallopian tubes were patent,73 fallopian tubes were narrow and circuitous,and 32 fallopian tubes were obstructed.Taking laparoscopy and dye test as the reference standard,107 fallopian tubes of the 60 cases were diagnosed correctly,and the coincidence rate of 3D-HyCoSy and laparoscopy and dye test was 93.0％ (107/115).Taking laparoscopy and dye test as the gold standard,the accuracyof transvaginal real-time 3D-HyCoSy in diagnosis of fallopian tubes patency or obstruction was 93.0％(107/115),the sensitivity was 94.3％ (99/105),the specificity was 80.0％ (8/10).Conclusions Tansvaginalreal-time 3D-HyCoSy can provide dynamic,real-time and three-dimensional display of the fallopian tubes.Itcan get more accurate diagnostic information,so it's an important method.3D-HyCoSy is a safe and non-invasivemethod,so it plays an important clinical role in the screening,diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases.

Objective To explore the influences of sufentanil and different dose midazolam coprocessing on myocardial injury in rats during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR ). Methods Forty two healthy male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups including,group A:rats were treated with sham operation;groups B0-B5:rat IR model was con-structed;group B0:rats were untreated with sufentanil or midazolam;group B1:rats were per-trea-ted with 3 μg/kg sufentanil;group B2:rats were post-treated with 0.1 mg/kg midazolam;group B3:rats were post-treated with 0.3 mg/kg midazolam;group B4:rats were per-treated with 1.5 μg/kg sufentanil and post-treated with 0.05 mg/kg midazolam;group B5:rats were per-treated with 1.5μg/kg sufentanil and post-treated with 0.15 mg/kg midazolam.Sufentanil was injected through cervi-cal vein before ischemia.Midazolam was injected through cervical vein after ischemia.After reperfu-sion,arterial blood was collected for detecting the activity of CK-MB,LDH or SOD,and the concen-tration of MDA,TNF-α,or IL-6.Rat hearts were picked off to measure the severity of myocardial in-farction (IS/AAR).The expressions of Bax,cleaved-caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in myocardial tissues were detected by Western blots.Results CK-MB activity,LDH activity,MDA concentration,TNF-αlev-el,IL-6 level,Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 expression levels in groups B0-B5 were obviously higher than those in group A (P <0.05),in groups B1-B5 were obviously lower than those in group B0 (P<0.05),in groups B3 and B4 were obviously lower than those in group B2 (P <0.05),in group B5 were obviously lower than those in groups B1-B4 (P < 0.05 );values of IS and IS/AAR (%)in groups B1-B5 were obviously lower than those in group B0 (P <0.05),in groups B3 and B4 were ob-viously lower than those in group B2 (P < 0.05 ),in group B5 were obviously lower than those in groups B1-B4 (P <0.05 );SOD activity and Bcl-2 expression level in groups B0-B5 were obviously lower than those in group A (P <0.05),in groups B1-B5 were obviously higher than those in group B0 (P <0.05),in groups B3 and B4 were obviously higher than those in group B2 (P <0.05 ),in group B5 were obviously higher than those in groups B1-B4 (P <0.05).CK-MB declined when com-pared with group B0;LDH declined;SOD rose;MDA declined;TNF-αdeclined;IL-6 declined;IS/AAR declined;Bcl-2 expression rose to 2.25 fold;Bax expression dropped to 54.89%;cleaved-caspase-3 expression dropped to 49.67%.Conclusion Sufentanil pretreatment combined with mid-azolam aftertreatment can significantly alleviate rat myocardial IR injury,which plays more effective cardioprotective effects than being used alone.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, with the use of new immunosuppressive agents, the survival rate of renal graft is greatly improved, but accompanied by lots of side effects and unchanged long-term graft survival. Mesenchymal stem cel s (MSCs) have aroused people’s great interest, while their efficacy in kidney transplantation remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of MSCs transplantation on post-transplant renal graft function with a systematic review.
METHODS:PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library database, the Cochrane Central Register of Control ed Trials, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched until November 2015. Revman 5.3 was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 6 randomized control ed trials were included, including 1 166 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that at 1, 2 weeks and 1 month after kidney transplantation, the posttransplantation estimated glomerular filtration rates in the MSC-treated group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 1, 3, 6, 12 months after kidney transplantation, the posttransplantation serum creatinine levels showed no significant difference between the MSC-treated group and the control group (P>0.05). To conclude, MSC-based immunosuppression regimen is superior to current standard immunotherapy in improving renal graft function in the early stage after kidney transplantation, but the clinical efficacy is diminished in the later period. Therefore, further investigation using large-scale randomized control ed trials is warranted.

Through various common domestic and foreign electronic sphygmomanometers to test blood pressure, we find that when measuring high blood pressure or low blood pressure, there is a mismatch between the maximum inflation pressure and the blood pressure measurement, which often results in repeatedly inflating and deflating as well as the problem of high inflation pressure. In order to solve these problems and find a suitable maximum inflation pressure, two intelligent pneumatic solutions based on identifying of pulse wave are suggested and 700 groups of blood pressure experiments are done, then the two solutions are verified by experiments. The experiment proved that these solutions proposed have good stability and accuracy, they can solve the problems appeared in measuring blood pressure effectively, at the same time, the second solution that estimate the maximum inflation pressure during inflation is considered as the best one.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; instrumentation ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Sphygmomanometers

The aim of this study was to propose an algorithm for three-dimensional projection onto convex sets (3D POCS) to achieve super resolution reconstruction of 3D lung computer tomography (CT) images, and to introduce multi-resolution mixed display mode to make 3D visualization of pulmonary nodules. Firstly, we built the low resolution 3D images which have spatial displacement in sub pixel level between each other and generate the reference image. Then, we mapped the low resolution images into the high resolution reference image using 3D motion estimation and revised the reference image based on the consistency constraint convex sets to reconstruct the 3D high resolution images iteratively. Finally, we displayed the different resolution images simultaneously. We then estimated the performance of provided method on 5 image sets and compared them with those of 3 interpolation reconstruction methods. The experiments showed that the performance of 3D POCS algorithm was better than that of 3 interpolation reconstruction methods in two aspects, i.e., subjective and objective aspects, and mixed display mode is suitable to the 3D visualization of high resolution of pulmonary nodules.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung ; pathology ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluated the effectiveness and safety ofLianhua Jizhi Tablets for acute trachitis and bronchitis with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing.Methods A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled and multi-center clinical trial design was selected. Totally 240 cases were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 120 cases in each group, of which 237 cases were included in the analysis of FAS. Experimental group was givenLianhua Jizhi Tablets, while control group was given placebo, 12 tablets/day, 7 days for a course. Curative effect of acute trachitis and bronchitis, TCM syndrome and disappearance of cough, cough and sputum symptom scores and area under the curve (AUC) were observed. The safety was evaluated. Results The cure rates of disease in experimental group and control group were 66.67% (78/117) and 29.17% (35/120), respectively;cure rates of TCM syndrome in experimental group and the control group were 68.38% (80/117) and 27.50% (33/120), respectively;there was statistically significant difference in area under the curve of cough and sputum symptom score between the two groups (P<0.01). Disappearance rates (cure) of daytime cough in experimental group and control group were 52.99% (62/117) and 13.33% (16/120), respectively;disappearance rates (cure) of nocturnal cough in experimental group and control group were 76.52% (88/115) and 31.90% (37/116), respectively;there were no side effects in experimental group.ConclusionLianhua Jizhi Tablets can significantly relieve clinic symptoms in the treatment of acute trachitis and bronchitis, and have good clinical efficacy and safety.

Through various common domestic and foreign electronic sphygmomanometers to test blood pressure, we find that when measuring high blood pressure or low blood pressure, there is a mismatch between the maximum inflation pressure and the blood pressure measurement, which often results in repeatedly inflating and deflating as well as the problem of high inflation pressure. In order to solve these problems and find a suitable maximum inflation pressure, two intel igent pneumatic solutions based on identifying of pulse wave are suggested and 700 groups of blood pressure experiments are done, then the two solutions are verified by experiments. The experiment proved that these solutions proposed have good stability and accuracy, they can solve the problems appeared in measuring blood pressure effectively, at the same time, the second solution that estimate the maximum inflation pressure during inflation is considered as the best one.

ObjectiveTo evaluate a computer-assisted operation planning system in curative hepatectomy for complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data of 15 patients with complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography inages,a computer-assisted operative planning system was used to evaluate the anatomic relationship between the tumor and its adjacent vessels,liver volume,operative feasibility,and the potential surgical approaches.The accuracy of three-dimensional reconstruction was tested by comparison to actual intraoperative findings.The correlation between actual liver resection volumes and predicted liver resection volumes was analyzed by calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient.Differences in liver volumes calculated by two-dimensional techniques versus three-dimensional reconstruction were analyzed using the paired t test,and the error rate was compared using the chi-squarc test. Results Fifteen patients received curative hepatectomy,including extended hemihepatectomy in 8 patients and trisectionectony in 7 patients.Preoperative evaluation of the hepatic anatomy based on three-dimensional reconstruction imaging was confirmed with operative findings.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rates were 100.0％,72.7％ and 72.7％ for patients with portal invasion and 100.0％,78.6％ and 78.6％ for patients with hepatic arterial invasion,respectively.The actual liver resection volume was positively correlated with the predicted liver resection volume ( r =0.974,P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean liver volumes calculated by the three-dimensional reconstruction and the two-dimen-sional techniques were (458 ±86)ml and (491 ± 103 )ml,respectively,with no significant difference (t =-1.911,P ＞0.05 ).The error rates of the three-dimensional reconstruction and the two-dimensional techniques were 4.7％ and 7.2％,respectively,with no significant differnece ( x2 =2.381,P ＞ 0.05 ).Five patients had postoperative complications,and each was cured with conservative or interventional management. Conclusion The application of a computer-assisted operation planning system may improve the safety and accuracy of curative resection for complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Wnt signaling pathway is not only closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis,such as cancer cells migration and adhesion,extracellular matrix degradation,and angiogenesis,but also plays an important role in self-renewal,proliferation and differentiation of tumor stem cells.Progress has been made in high specific genes drug development and targeted therapy against the Wnt signaling pathway.