The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a species of the genus Callithrix in the primate family Callitrichidae. Common marmosets are an important scientific research resource for the study of neuroscience, medicine, and pharmacy. The feeding and breeding of common marmosets provide important support for scientific research. At present, common marmoset resources in China are at a critical stage of development. This paper takes the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereafter referred to as CEBSIT) as an example to discuss the experience of common marmoset feeding, breeding and genetic management. In terms of breeding environment and facilities, on the basis of the national standard, more stringent environmental parameter standards are implemented for environmental temperature, relative humidity, the number of air exchanges, and the average concentration of sedimentation bacteria. Two kinds of cages for common marmoset breeding and experimentation are designed. According to the differences in facility conditions and staffing, a cleaning and maintenance method combining "dry rearing" and "wet rearing" is introduced. In terms of feeding management, in order to meet the high nutritional needs of common marmosets, CEBSIT prepares special formulated diets, and introduces the transition method of common marmosets from diets mixed with formulated rations and pellets to exclusive commercial diets, and strictly regulates the operation procedures of formulated diets for common marmosets, and has accumulated a series of methods for preventing nutritional and metabolic diseases in common marmosets. In terms of animal health management, the health of common marmosets is ensured through measures such as regular quarantine, isolation and treatment, and epidemic prevention, and the health inspection process of common marmosets is described in detail, and hierarchical and classified management is carried out according to the physical condition of common marmosets. This paper also briefly describes the treatment of diarrhea and pneumonia that are common in common marmosets. In terms of breeding management, it covers the selection of breeding common marmosets, combining pairs of common marmosets into the same cage for breeding, group splitting and hand-rearing of infant common marmosets, and introduces the method of reintroducing hand-reared infant common marmosets to parental care from the perspective of animal welfare. In terms of genetic management, the common marmoset population in CEBSIT is maintained as a closed colony and follows a non-inbreeding method. CEBSIT has developed an inbreeding screening system to check pedigree information before pairing to avoid inbreeding. Under conditions without introducing new individuals from outside, CEBSIT has continuously bred the colony for 5 generations while maintaining genetic heterozygosity. This paper only discusses the feeding, breeding and genetic management of the common marmoset and aims to provide a useful reference for other institutions engaged in common marmoset breeding.

Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained considerable attention as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of psoriasis. Unfortunately, the activation of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) by PDT triggers innate and adaptive immune responses, which exacerbate skin inflammation. Herein, we combined glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural anti-inflammatory compound and immunomodulator derived from the herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., with PDT actuated by the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) by co-loading them in GA-based lipid nanoparticles coated with a catechol-modified quaternary chitosan salt (GC NPs/QCS-C). GC NPs/QCS-C exhibited high drug loading efficacy, uniform size distribution, an ideal topical adhesive property, enhanced skin retention and penetration in psoriasis-like lesions, and high intracellular uptake in epidermal cells compared with the counterparts. Subsequently, the transdermal administration of GC NPs/QCS-C followed by near-infrared laser radiation in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model significantly ameliorated psoriasis symptoms, promoted the apoptosis of hyperproliferative epidermal cells, and alleviated the inflammatory cascade. The significant therapeutic outcomes of GC NPs/QCS-C were attributed to the synergistic effects of GA and PDT on modulating immune cell recruitment and inhibiting dendritic cell maturation. Our results demonstrated that the topical bio-adhesive nanosystem that combines GA and Ce6 offers a synergistic chemo-phototherapeutic strategy for psoriasis treatment.

XI Yuan Ji Lu is widely recognized as the earliest and most systematic forensic monograph in the world.It has a profound impact on Chinese society and the world in terms of prosecution system,forensic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.It has a lengthy and systematic record of human organs and tissues.Given its exemplary role,it is a valuable corpus for the study of human body-part terms.This article conducted an inventory of the terms on the human body surface of XI Yuan Ji Lu.By examining the characteristics of vocabulary composition and usage,it explored the reasons for the formation of human body-part terms,aiming to gain a deeper understanding of the human body structure recognized by ancient people,provided a reference for deeply analyzing the semantic system of human body words,constructing ancient autopsy images and describing the formation of modern forensic medicine.

Objective:To discusses the variations of 7Be, 137Cs and 210Pb activity concentrations in the air in Beijing from March 16, 2021 to March 31, 2023, and their correlation with temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, barometric pressure, PM10 (only limited to 137Cs) and other meteorological parameters. Methods:A total of 60 aerosol samples were collected using the HRHA01-SFS1000/A ultra-large flowair sampler in the automatic radiation monitoring station. The activity concentrations of 7Be, 137Cs and 210Pb in the aerosol samples were measured by GMX-60 low background anti-Compton high purity germanium gamma spectrometer. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to show the correlation of the relevant parameters. Results:The seasonal mean values of 7Be activity concentration were spring 4.31 mBq/m 3, summer 3.53 mBq/m 3, autumn 3.09 mBq/m 3 and winter 2.45 mBq/m 3, respectively, ranging from 1.17 to 7.79 mBq/m 3, with the overall mean of (3.36±1.33) mBq/m 3. The activity concentration of 137Cs ranged from 0.39 to 8.49 μBq/m 3, with an average of (0.59±1.47) μBq/m 3. The average activity concentrations of 210Pb were spring 0.53 mBq/m 3, summer 0.44 mBq/m 3, autumn 0.72 mBq/m 3 and winter 0.75 mBq/m 3, respectively, ranging from 0.21 to 1.36 mBq/m 3, with an average of (0.56±0.26) mBq/m 3. The activity concentration of 7Be was correlated with temperature and pressure ( r=0.38, -0.40), the activity concentration of 137Cs was correlated with precipitation ( r=-0.41), and the activity concentration of 210Pb was correlated with temperature and pressure ( r=-0.31, 0.37). The variation of 137Cs activity concentration in the air showed an obvious seasonal pattern, and the peak value generally appears in spring of each year (March to May), which was related to the frequent spring dust in Beijing. The activity concentration of 210Pb in the air was affected by coal combustion heating in winter, and has a peak value during November to March. Conclusions:The activity concentrations of 7Be, 137Cs and 210Pb in the air in Beijing are within the normal range, showing a seasonal trend.

Zuopo played an irreplaceable role in ancient Chinese forensic examination,as their role as midwives was more well-known and their role in participating and assisting in forensic examinations was often overlooked.Although both zuopo and wuzuo had low social status,they had clear division of labor and each performed their own duties.They played an important role in the ancient investigating and adjudicating cases of pregnancy,miscarriage,abortion,and virginity testing.Zuopo had been involved in forensic testing since the late Warring States period.During the Song Dynasty,they received clear official recognition,and in the Qing Dynasty,their positions were specifically established.The exploration of this role restored the connection between the ancient Zuopo and judicial practice,and more clearly demonstrated the links and skills of ancient forensic examination.Their contribution to forensic examination and medical technology inheritance deserves recognition and further exploration.

Objective:To analyze the application value of negative pressure closed drainage in tuberculous surgery infected wounds and its effect on wound healing and Th1/Th2 expression.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 120 patients with tuberculous surgery infected wounds admitted to Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random envelope method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional suture drainage tube intervention, while the observation group received negative pressure closed drainage intervention. The survival rate of skin grafting at 2 weeks after operation, the wound healing rate at 8 weeks after operation, and the pain situation during the first 3 dressing changes were observed. The levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), Th1 and Th2 in serum were detected before treatment and 14 days after treatment.Results:The survival rate of skin grafting at 2 weeks and the wound healing rate at 8 weeks in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group during the second and third dressing changes (all P<0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the serum levels of Th1 and Th2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, ALP, P, Ca, Th1/Th2 in serum were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Using negative pressure closed drainage technology can effectively promote wound healing in patients with tuberculous surgery infected wounds and improve the balance of Th1/Th2 in blood.

Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics, including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However, the nonnegligible side effects and limited efficacy of clinical treatment limit their biomedical applications. Engineered bacteria for therapeutic applications ideally need to avoid their accumulation in normal organs and possess potent antitumor activity. Here, we show that macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 can effectively reduce the toxicity caused by administrating VNP20009 alone in a melanoma mouse model. This benefits from tumor-induced chemotaxis for macrophages combined with their slow release of loaded strains. Inspired by changes in the tumor microenvironment, including a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8⁺ T cells and an increase in PDL1 on the tumor cell surface, macrophages were loaded with the engineered strain VNP-PD1nb, which can express and secrete anti-PD1 nanoantibodies after they are released from macrophages. This novel triple-combined immunotherapy significantly inhibited melanoma tumors by reactivating the tumor microenvironment by increasing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, remodeling TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and prominently activating CD8⁺ T cells. These data suggest that novel combination immunotherapy is expected to be a breakthrough relative to single immunotherapy.

Objective:To describe the COVID-19 epidemic and its characteristics in Heilongjiang province, and provide evidence for the further prevention and control of COVID-19 in the province.Methods:The information of COVID-19 cases and clusters were collected from national notifiable disease report system and management information system for reporting public health emergencies of China CDC. The Software’s of Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 were applied for data cleaning and statistical analysis on the population, time and area distributions of COVID-19 cases.Results:On January 22, 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Heilongjiang. By March 11, 2020, a total of 482 cases domestic case of COVID-19, The incidence rate was 1.28/100 000, the mortality rate was 2.70% (13/482) in 13 municipalities in Heilongjiang. There were 81 clusters of COVID-19, The number of confirmed cases accounted for 79.25% (382/482) of the total confirmed cases and 12 cases of deaths. The family clusters accounted for 86.42% (70/81). Compared with the sporadic cases, the mortality rate, proportion of elderly cases aged 60 or above and severe or critical cases of clinical classification were all higher in the clusters especially the family clusters, but the differences were not significant ( P>0.05). There were 34 clusters involving more than 5 confirmed cases accounted for 41.98% (34/81) of the total clusters, the involved cases accounted for 68.31% (261/382) of the total cases of clusters. There were significant differences in age distribution of the cases among the case clusters with different case numbers. In the clusters involving 6-9 cases, the proportion of cases aged 65 years or above was more (26.53%, 39/147). Conclusions:The incidence rate of COVID-19 was relatively high and the early epidemic was serious in Heilongjiang, The number of cases was large in clusters especially family clusters.

Objective To observe the application of mtDNA COI genes in common sarcosaphagous flies species identification. Methods 30 sarcosaphagous fly samples were indentified by morphological method which collected in different regions belonging to 2 families, 4 genera and 6 species. MtDNA was extracted for the PCR amplification reaction in COI gene. The PCR products were purified through agar gel electrophoresis and sequenced. Sequences of 498 bp in COI gene were disposed by multiple-alignment software of DNAMAN. Sequences divergence of 498 bp between and within species of COI gene were processed by software of MEGA. Results It was showed that there is a certain sequence differences between the 30 samples from 6 species. The intraspecific and interspecific divergence of sequence variation ranged from 0.1% to 1.6% and 2.2% to 11.2% respectively. All the species can be identified successfully by this method. Conclusion Species identification of sarcosaphagous flies can be conducted by sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree of COI gene. This method can be effectively used in fast and accurate identification in forensic entomology.

This study was aimed to analyze the cold and heat nature of Chinese herbal medicine as well as its relation with the major constituent part in order to illustrate the scientific connotation of the cold and heat nature of Chinese herbal medicine from the level of material basis.There were a total of 334 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine with 280 effective ingredients recorded in the first volume of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The molecular descriptors of each ingredient (including one-dimensional,two-dimensional,three-dimensional,and semi-empirical calculated molecular descriptors) were calculated.The generalized rule induction (GRI) algorithm was used to mine molecular descriptors with strong correlation to the cold or heat nature of the screened Chinese herbal medicine.The results showed that molecular descriptors of molecular energy state of main components had close relationship with the nature properties of herbs.Compounds with high-energy condition were most from herbs with heat nature;while compounds with low-energy condition were most from herbs with cold nature.In addition to the energy condition of the molecule,topological molecular water partition coefficient,lipid drug property but also the main component of the polar surface area,carbon,hydrogen,oxygen atoms,the number of hydrogen bond donors and other molecular structure descriptors had certain association relationships.It was concluded that the nature of Chinese herbal medicine had certain association relationships with its main ingredients.Among them,the most important molecular descriptors of molecular energy are three-dimensional molecular descriptors.It suggested that the comprehensive effect of Chinese herbal medicine may be relevant to the energy condition of the molecule in main active components of Chinese herbal medicine and the effect on the energy metabolism of the body.