Objective To investigate the prevalence of substantia nigra(SN)hyperechogenicity in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)using transcranial ultrasound(TCS),identify the associated influencing factors,and construct a predictive model.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 PD patients admitted to Chengde City Central Hospital between August 2022 and July 2024.All patients underwent TCS examination to detect SN hyperechogenicity.Based on TCS findings,patients were categorized into case group(SN hyperechogenicity,stagesⅢ-V)and control group(normal SN echogenicity,stagesⅠ-Ⅱ).The prevalence of TCS-detected SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients was evaluated,and the clinical and laboratory data between two groups were compared.The risk factors for SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients were identified using multivariate Logistic regression,and a regression equation model of Logit(P)was established based on the results of multivariate analysis.The established model was validated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and the likelihood ratioχ2 test.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model for SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results Among 101 PD patients,34(33.66%)exhibited SN hyperechogenicity.Compared with control group,case group had higher percentages of olfactory dysfunction,sleep disorders and H-Y stage≥Ⅲ(P<0.05),and lower levels of serum copper and ceruloplasmin(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified olfactory dysfunction,sleep disorders,H-Y stage≥Ⅲ,decreased serum copper and reduced ceruloplasmin as independent risk factors for SN hyperechoicity in PD patients(OR=2.168,2.008,2.063,2.300,1.921,respectively;P<0.05).The predictive model was formalized as Logit(P)=-9.233+olfactory dysfunction×0.774+sleep disorders×0.697+H-Y stage≥Ⅲ×0.724+decreased serum copper×0.833+reduced ceruloplasmin×0.653.ROC analysis showed that when Logit(P)>13.00,the AUC value was 0.876(95%CI:0.795-0.933),with a sensitivity of 73.53%and a specificity of 82.09%.Conclusion The phenomenon of TCS-detected SN hyperechogenicity is severe in PD patients,and its occurrence was associated with olfactory dysfunction,sleep disorders,H-Y stage≥Ⅲ,decreased serum copper and reduced ceruloplasmin,and the predictive model incorporating these factors demonstrated excellent predictive value.

Objective:To analyze the there-dimensional radiographic characteristics of odontogenic myxoma(OM).Methods:Clinical records,histopathological reports,SCT or CBCT images of 18 patients with OM were retrospectively collected,and radiograph-ic features including lesion site,shape,size,expansion,intralesional septa and relationship with surrounding tissues were analyzed.The lesions were classified into types by the forms of septa.Results:18 patients(8 males and 10 females,aged 9-39 years old)were included.Among them,12 lesions(66.7％)were round-like in shape,7(38.9％)were located in the posterior maxilla,and 8(44.4％)in the posterior mandible.According to the septa map,the lesions included 4(22.2％)without septum(unilocular type),4 with(22.2％)sporadic septum on the periphery of the tumor(peripheral type),4(22.2％)with the septum from the periphery towards the center of the tumor(centripetal type)and 6(16.7％)with multiple septa interwoven as grid-like trabeclations(criss-crossing tup).Labial/buccal cortex expansion was present in 11 lesions(61.1％),and palatal cortex expansion in 12 lesions(66.7％).Moreover,cortex discontinuity occurred in 14 lesions(77.8％),impacted tooth was present in 9 lesions(16.7％),and root resorption was present in 8 lesions(44.4％).Conclusion:Most OMs occur in the posterior jaw,with multilocular and discontinued cortex.OMs can be classified into unilocular,perpheral,centripetal and cirss-crossing type by the forms of septa in the lesion.

Objective To construct a nomogram prediction model for predicting hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Methods A total of 936 inpatients with T2DM admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects and divided into the non-standard group(HbA1c≥7%,n=801)and the standard group(HbA1c<7%,n=135).Univariate analysis was used to screen the related factors of HbA1c failure.Logistic regression multivariate model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HbA1c failure in T2DM patients.The R language was used to construct a nomogram,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the model.The C-index and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model.Results There were statistically significant differences in triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,direct bilirubin,urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR),self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG),meat and vegetable pairing,hot pot,whole grain and animal viscera consumption between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that TG(OR 1.699,95%CI 1.298～2.222),UACR(OR 1.003,95%CI 1.001～1.005),SMGB(OR 0.480,95%CI 0.313～0.735),more meat and less vegetables(OR 1.432,95%CI 1.062～1.931)were the influencing factors of HbA1c failure.The AUC of the nomogram prediction model based on the influencing factors was 0.711,with C-index 0.710(95%CI 0.663～0.758)and good calibration(χ2=11.185,P=0.191).Conclusions The nomogram prediction model for HbA1c failure in T2DM patients established based on TG,UACR,SMGB,meat and vegetarian mix has good discrimination and calibration,which can provide certain reference value for warning of poor blood glucose control.

Objective:To analyze the there-dimensional radiographic characteristics of odontogenic myxoma(OM).Methods:Clinical records,histopathological reports,SCT or CBCT images of 18 patients with OM were retrospectively collected,and radiograph-ic features including lesion site,shape,size,expansion,intralesional septa and relationship with surrounding tissues were analyzed.The lesions were classified into types by the forms of septa.Results:18 patients(8 males and 10 females,aged 9-39 years old)were included.Among them,12 lesions(66.7％)were round-like in shape,7(38.9％)were located in the posterior maxilla,and 8(44.4％)in the posterior mandible.According to the septa map,the lesions included 4(22.2％)without septum(unilocular type),4 with(22.2％)sporadic septum on the periphery of the tumor(peripheral type),4(22.2％)with the septum from the periphery towards the center of the tumor(centripetal type)and 6(16.7％)with multiple septa interwoven as grid-like trabeclations(criss-crossing tup).Labial/buccal cortex expansion was present in 11 lesions(61.1％),and palatal cortex expansion in 12 lesions(66.7％).Moreover,cortex discontinuity occurred in 14 lesions(77.8％),impacted tooth was present in 9 lesions(16.7％),and root resorption was present in 8 lesions(44.4％).Conclusion:Most OMs occur in the posterior jaw,with multilocular and discontinued cortex.OMs can be classified into unilocular,perpheral,centripetal and cirss-crossing type by the forms of septa in the lesion.

Objective To construct a nomogram prediction model for predicting hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Methods A total of 936 inpatients with T2DM admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects and divided into the non-standard group(HbA1c≥7%,n=801)and the standard group(HbA1c<7%,n=135).Univariate analysis was used to screen the related factors of HbA1c failure.Logistic regression multivariate model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HbA1c failure in T2DM patients.The R language was used to construct a nomogram,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the model.The C-index and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model.Results There were statistically significant differences in triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,direct bilirubin,urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR),self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG),meat and vegetable pairing,hot pot,whole grain and animal viscera consumption between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that TG(OR 1.699,95%CI 1.298～2.222),UACR(OR 1.003,95%CI 1.001～1.005),SMGB(OR 0.480,95%CI 0.313～0.735),more meat and less vegetables(OR 1.432,95%CI 1.062～1.931)were the influencing factors of HbA1c failure.The AUC of the nomogram prediction model based on the influencing factors was 0.711,with C-index 0.710(95%CI 0.663～0.758)and good calibration(χ2=11.185,P=0.191).Conclusions The nomogram prediction model for HbA1c failure in T2DM patients established based on TG,UACR,SMGB,meat and vegetarian mix has good discrimination and calibration,which can provide certain reference value for warning of poor blood glucose control.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of substantia nigra(SN)hyperechogenicity in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)using transcranial ultrasound(TCS),identify the associated influencing factors,and construct a predictive model.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 PD patients admitted to Chengde City Central Hospital between August 2022 and July 2024.All patients underwent TCS examination to detect SN hyperechogenicity.Based on TCS findings,patients were categorized into case group(SN hyperechogenicity,stagesⅢ-V)and control group(normal SN echogenicity,stagesⅠ-Ⅱ).The prevalence of TCS-detected SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients was evaluated,and the clinical and laboratory data between two groups were compared.The risk factors for SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients were identified using multivariate Logistic regression,and a regression equation model of Logit(P)was established based on the results of multivariate analysis.The established model was validated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and the likelihood ratioχ2 test.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model for SN hyperechogenicity in PD patients,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results Among 101 PD patients,34(33.66%)exhibited SN hyperechogenicity.Compared with control group,case group had higher percentages of olfactory dysfunction,sleep disorders and H-Y stage≥Ⅲ(P<0.05),and lower levels of serum copper and ceruloplasmin(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified olfactory dysfunction,sleep disorders,H-Y stage≥Ⅲ,decreased serum copper and reduced ceruloplasmin as independent risk factors for SN hyperechoicity in PD patients(OR=2.168,2.008,2.063,2.300,1.921,respectively;P<0.05).The predictive model was formalized as Logit(P)=-9.233+olfactory dysfunction×0.774+sleep disorders×0.697+H-Y stage≥Ⅲ×0.724+decreased serum copper×0.833+reduced ceruloplasmin×0.653.ROC analysis showed that when Logit(P)>13.00,the AUC value was 0.876(95%CI:0.795-0.933),with a sensitivity of 73.53%and a specificity of 82.09%.Conclusion The phenomenon of TCS-detected SN hyperechogenicity is severe in PD patients,and its occurrence was associated with olfactory dysfunction,sleep disorders,H-Y stage≥Ⅲ,decreased serum copper and reduced ceruloplasmin,and the predictive model incorporating these factors demonstrated excellent predictive value.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) attributed to high body mass index (BMI) in China from 1992 to 2021 and predict the disease burden for the next decade, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CKD. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint model, the average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) of the mortality rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate was calculated to describe and analyze the CKD disease burden attributed to high BMI in China from 1992 to 2021. The ARIMA model was employed to predict and analyze the change trend of the CKD disease burden. Results From 1992 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY rate attributed to high BMI-induced chronic kidney disease showed an upward trend. Compared to 1992, the attributed number of deaths increased by 324.38%, and DALYs increased by 268.56%; the mortality rate increased by 64.00%, and the DALY rate grew by 51.62%. From 1992 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY rate for males were lower than those for females, but the growth rate for males exceeded that of females. From 1992 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY rate of chronic kidney disease attributed to high BMI in China increased with age. The average annual change rate of chronic kidney disease attributed to high BMI in China from 1992 to 2021 (mortality rate: 1.40 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.04–1.76), DALY rate: 1.43 per 100 000 (95% CI: 1.17–1.70)) was higher than thHuaiyin Normal University, Huai'anher social demographic index (SDI) regions. The ARIMA model predicted that the age-standardized mortality rate increased from 2.91 per 100 000 in 2022 to 3.05 per 100 000 in 2026, and the age-standardized DALY rate increased from 69.65 per 100 000 in 2022 to 73.58 per 100 000 in 2026. Conclusion Chronic kidney disease attributed to high BMI in China is on the rise, and it will continue to grow in the future. The focus of CKD prevention and control should be on males and the elderly, while active measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence and progression of chronic kidney disease.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of a novel zipper device in wound healing after incision and drainage of cuta-neous abscesses in children,and to explore its optimal intervention timing.Methods:A total of 50 children who attended the outpatient service of Department of Pediatric surgery from September 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups accord-ing to the parity of the date of visit.The 26 children with the odd date of visit were enrolled as experimental group,and the 24 children with the even date of visit were enrolled as control group.The same anti-infective dressings were used for wound dressing in both groups after incision and drainage,and when there was a significant reduction in wound exudate and the fresh granulation tissue emerged at wound base,the zipper device was used for the children in the experimental group,and dressing change was performed for the children in the control group until the wound was completely healed.The two groups were compared in terms of wound healing time,healing rate,and the total costs of dressing change,and the multiple linear regression model and the restricted cubic spline(RCS)model were used to analyze the association between the in-tervention time of the zipper device and wound healing time.Re-sults:Compared with the control group,the experimental group had a significantly shorter wound healing time,a significantly higher wound healing rate,and significantly lower total costs of dressing change(P<0.001).The multiple linear regression model showed that the infection size of skin abscess and the intervention time of the zipper device were strongly associated with wound healing time(P<0.05).After adjustment for infection size,the RCS model analysis showed a significant linear dose-response relationship between intervention time and wound healing time(Pnonlinear=0.406),and wound healing time shortened with the reduction in intervention time(P<0.001).Conclusion:The application of the novel zipper device can help with the healing of cutaneous abscesses in children,and it is recommended to apply the device as early as possible after control of wound infection,in order to promote early wound healing.

BackgroundSevere mental disorders are characterized by high recurrence rate， high disability rate， high rates of harmful incidents， and low treatment-seeking rate， with affected patients demonstrating increased frequencies of dangerous behaviors. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has implemented community management for patients with severe mental disorders across the region since 2004， while the current status and regional characteristics of the managed patients remain unclear. ObjectiveTo analyze the current status of management and treatment of patients with severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， and to explore their regional distribution characteristics， so as to provide references for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. MethodsPatients with severe mental disorders diagnosed and registered in the Severe Mental Disorder Management Information Platform of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from August 1， 2011 to December 31， 2021 were selected. Patients' basic information， management indicators， and treatment metrics were extracted from the platform， followed by descriptive statistical analysis of the corresponding data. ResultsAs of December 31， 2021， the permanent resident population of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was 6 946 540， with 29 787 registered patients with severe mental disorders. The majority of the patients were female （50.25%）， aged 18-59 years （79.01%）， with educational level of junior high school or below （84.63%）， married （52.87%）， farmers （56.01%）， and diagnosed with schizophrenia （55.91%）， while ethnic minority patients accounted for a relatively high proportion （31.35%）. In 2021， the reported prevalence rate of severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was 0.43%， with standardized management and regular medication adherence rates at 90.39% and 66.34%， respectively. The standardized management rate in 8 counties/districts （36.36%） was lower than the average level of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， while 10 counties/districts （45.45%） showed below-average medication adherence rates， of which 6 counties/districts（60.00%） were located in the south-central region. ConclusionPatients with severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are predominantly young and middle-aged adults with low level of education， and those in the central-southern region demonstrate lower medication adherence. ［Funded by Key Research and Development Program Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （number， 2023BEG02029）］

BACKGROUND: Currently, lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with a high morbidity and mortality all over the world. However, the exact mechanisms underlying lung cancer progression remain unclear. The tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF) family members are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins, which function as both adaptor proteins and ubiquitin ligases to regulate diverse receptor signalings, leading to the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRAFs in different tissues and cancer types, as well as its mRNA expression, protein expression, prognostic significance and functional enrichment analysis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in order to provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. METHODS: RNA sequencing data from the The Genotype-Tissue Expression database was used to analyze the expression patterns of TRAF family members in different human tissues. RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database was used to analyze the expression patterns of TRAF family members in different types of cancer cell lines. RNA sequencing data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the mRNA levels of TRAF family members across different types of human cancers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses from HPA database were used to analyze the TRAF protein levels in NSCLC [lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC)]. Overall survival analysis was performed by Log-rank test using original data from Kaplan-Meier Plotter database to evaluate the correlation between TRAF expressions and prognosis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the TRAF family-related genes using RNA sequencing data from the TCGA database for NSCLC. The correlation between the expression levels of TRAF family members and the tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm based on RNA sequencing data from the TCGA database. RESULTS: The TRAF family members exhibited significant tissue-specific expression heterogeneity. TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6 and TRAF7 were widely expressed in most tissues, while the expressions of TRAF1, TRAF4 and TRAF5 were restricted to specific tissues. The expressions of TRAF family members were highly specific among different types of cancer cell lines. In mRNA database of LUAD and LUSC, the expressions of TRAF2, TRAF4, TRAF5 and TRAF7 were significantly upregulated; while TRAF6 did the opposite; moveover, TRAF1 and TRAF3 only displayed a significant upregulation in LUAD and LUSC, respectively. Except for TRAF3, TRAF4 and TRAF7, other TRAF proteins displayed an obviously deeper IHC staining in LUAD and LUSC tissues compared with normal tissues. Additionally, patients with higher expression levels of TRAF2, TRAF4 and TRAF7 had shorter overall survival; while patients with higher expression levels of TRAF3, TRAF5 and TRAF6 had significantly longer overall survival; however, no significant difference had been observed between TRAF1 expression and the overall survival. TRAF family members differentially regulated multiple pathways, including NF-κB, immune response, cell adhesion and RNA splicing. The expression levels of TRAF family members were closely associated with immune cell infiltration and stromal cell content in the tumor immune microenvironment, with varying positive and negative correlations among different members. CONCLUSIONS TRAF family members exhibit highly specific expression differences across different tissues and cancer types. Most TRAF proteins exhibit upregulation at both mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC, whereas, only upregulated expressions of TRAF2, TRAF4 and TRAF7 predict worse prognosis. The TRAF family members regulate processes such as inflammation, immunity, adhesion and splicing, and influence the tumor immune microenvironment.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Prognosis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/metabolism*