Ideological and political education within the curriculum of higher institutions of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） not only bears the important responsibility of promoting China's outstanding traditional culture but also serves as a vital domain for upholding integrity and innovation in medical education. These institutions must profoundly comprehend the contemporary significance of curriculum-based ideological and political education， clarify its core role in talent cultivation， leverage the distinctive advantages of TCM culture， and promote the organic integration of ideological education and professional training. By reviewing the current situation and development trends of ideological and political education in the curriculum of higher TCM institutions， this paper has analyzed the challenges in teaching design， teachers' ideological and political literacy and competence， and the integration of ideological content with specialized courses， and has proposed implementation strategies such as using TCM culture as a guiding force， strengthening teachers' teaching capacity in ideological and political education， developing distinctive educational resources， and improving evaluation and incentive mechanisms. These strategies aim to effectively enhance the impact of ideological and political education in the new era， fostering well-rounded TCM talents with both moral integrity and professional competence.

Objective:To understand the spectrum of pathogens and epidemic characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases in influenza virus-negative influenza-like cases in Yantai, and provide reference for disease prevention and control and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From March 2020 to February 2021, nasopharyngeal swab samples of 233 influenza virus-negative influenza like cases were collected in all sentinel hospitals monitored by Yantai National Influenza Network Laboratory, and 22 respiratory pathogens were detected by multiple fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze epidemiological characteristics.Results:The total pathogen detection rate of 233 samples was 69.96% (163/233). A total of 17 respiratory pathogens were detected. The top three pathogens were human coronavirus (HCoV, 32.62%), rhinovirus/enterovirus (RhV/EV, 17.17%) and Legionella pneumophila (LP, 16.74%). The detection rates in different age groups were 80.28% (57/71) in the 0-15 years old group, 62.65% (52/83) in the 16-30 years old group, 68.18% (30/44) in the 31-45 years old group, 64.28% (9/14) in the 46-60 years old group, and 71.43% (15/21) in the >60 years old group. There was no significant difference among the groups. Respiratory pathogens were detected throughout the year, mainly in a single pathogen carrying mode (44.21%), and there was no significant difference in the physical examination rate of respiratory pathogens in different seasons. The seasonal prevalence of various pathogens was different, and the detection rate of HCoV 229E was the highest in spring (68.75%); the detection rate of rhinovirus/enterovirus was higher in autumn (26.98%) and winter (23.08%); the detection rate of LP was high in spring (19.05%) and summer (27.27%); the detection rate of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in spring (22.22%) was significantly higher than that in summer (3.64%). The number of HPIV and Bordetella pertussis (Bp) detected in the 0-15 year old group was the highest, and the detection rate was statistically significant among different age groups. Conclusions:The continuous monitoring of respiratory pathogens such as HCoV, RhV, EV, LP, HPIV should be strengthened to understand their epidemiologic characteristics and the standardization of pathogenicity, which provides data support and reference for epidemiological investigation of outbreaks that may be caused by other pathogens.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the infection status and virulent genes of Aeromonas in patients with acute diarrhea in Pudong New Area, Shanghai.

METHODSIn 2012, stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in 12 sentinel hospitals in Pudong for the detections of 13 pathogens causing diarrhea, and the detections of 5 diarrhea related virulent genes were conducted for Aeromonas isolates.

RESULTSA total of 101 patients were infected with Aeromonas in 2533 patients (4.0%). A total of 101 Aeromonas strains were isolated, including 17 Aeromonas hydrophila strains (18.8%), 44 Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria strains (52.5%) and 12 Aeromonas caviae strains (29.7%). And 44 coinfections with other pathogens were detected. Aeromonas infection mainly occurred in summer and in people aged ≥20 years. Among the patients infected with Aeromonas, 71 (70.3%) had watery diarrhea, 20 (19.8%) had vomiting and 11 (10.9%) had fever. Virulent genes detection showed that 95.0% of the Aeromonas. strains carried virulent genes, and the detection rates of hlyA, aerA, act, alt, and ast genes were 5.9%, 6.9%, 67.3%, 42.6% and 13.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSHigh incidence of Aeromonas infection was found in the patients with acute diarrhea in Pudong, and a high proportion of coinfections with other pathogens was detected too. Most Aeromonas strains carried virulent genes, and the distribution varied.

Aeromonas ; genetics ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; microbiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Seasons ; Virulence ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To provide reference for exploring the senile chronic disease health management new model by apply‐ing the chronic disease health management model into the practice of home‐based care service center in community .Methods The chronic disease health management team was established and the management platform of home‐based care service centers in com‐munity was applied to implement the chronic disease health management service .The senile chronic disease management and service situation were compared between before and after implementing chronic disease health management ,and the difference of service be‐tween the home‐based care service center and community health service center after implementing the chronic disease health man‐agement was compared as well .Results The service content implementation in the home‐based care service center was significantly improved after senile chronic disease health management (P<0 .01) ,and the chronic disease management satisfaction was increased by 39 .66% .Meanwhile ,the management rate and control rate of chronic diseases in the community home‐based care service center were superior to those in the community health service center (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Applying the chronic disease health manage‐ment model into the platform of the home‐based care service center can provide more comprehensive ,specific and efficient chronic disease health management service ,w hich provides a new model of senile chronic disease management application .

Objective To learn the status of health care personnel construction of primary health institutions in Jiangsu province. Methods In July 2015, cluster sampling method was adopted in which 14 areas from Jiangsu province were selected, then one or more township health centers from each area were selected , and a total of 23 hospitals were selected. Personal interview were applied to administrators, the medical staff and residents respectively. A self-made questionnaire was performed in medical personnel from different departments. The method of descriptive statistics was used to collect data of rural health care personnel in primary health institutions. Results A total of 521 questionnaires were collected. In the town hospitals, the average age of the health professional staff was 37 years old. 68.33% (356 people) of the staff had college diploma or technical secondary school diploma and 35.12%(183 people) of them had junior title. There were 10.94%(57 people) and 14.01%(73 people) of the staff had no title and no physician practice qualification respectively. Conclusion Grass-roots health personnel construction task is still formidable. Further efforts are needed to improve the educa-tional system of health talents. And the incentive mechanism should be improved to strengthen the at-traction and stability of grass-roots health personnel. Strengthening education and training for the exist-ing staff is also needed to intensify the ability to primary health care.

Objectives: The paper aims to analyze the practice and outcome for the rural doctors’ contracted service in Dafeng and Shengzhou counties. Methods:The methods used were typical sampling which played in selec-ting Dafeng and Shengzhou counties and interviews conducted with the director of the bureau of health in Dafeng and Shengzhou counties, the dean of the township health centers ( two for each county) and the rural doctors ( four for each county) . We adopted descriptive statistics to analyze the quantitative data and incentives. Results: The rural clinic and/or township health centers were the main contracted service providers and services were supplied to all in-habitants, especially to the target patients such as those suffering from NCDs. The individual benefit packages were designed to coordinate with local demands and the security and incentive mechanisms were established. Conclusions:Contracted service brought several benefits such as meeting the individual demands of inhabitants, rural doctors were inspired and the basic rural health system consolidated, the basic public health service quality was improved, and the function was intensified for the primary health institutions. The rural doctors’ contracted service is helpful to advance rural health care reforms, and provides more evidence in setting up the local rural health policies. It still needs fur-ther perfections. Suggestions:The rural doctors’ team construction should be strengthened and the incentive mecha-nism, summary and evaluation of their contracted service should be improved timely.

The aim of this study is to develop the real-time PCR assays to detect and qualify C. coli from stool specimen. The primers and probe were designed based on the specific sequence of ceuE gene in C. coli using Primer 5.0 and Vector NTI Suite 6.0 e. The PCR assay was optimized with the reference C. coli strains. The standard curve based on the dilutions of genomic DNA showed a linear relationship between log CFU/mL and threshold cycles. The detectable limitation was 5.62 CFU/mL by using purified DNA from bacteria culture. The reproducibility of this assay was assessed by calculating the variation of the threshold cycle value and the slope from test repeats for the same strains and different strains. Our results indicate that the developed assay has high sensitivity and specificity for identification of C. coli.