BACKGROUND:In recent years,increasing studies have shown that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can promote the healing of acute tendon injuries,but the specific mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on early angiogenesis after acute tendon injury,and to detect the regulatory relationship of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound with vascular endothelial growth factor-related signaling pathways,so as to reveal its potential mechanism of action. METHODS:Animal models of acute Achilles tendon injury were established using local injection of type I collagenase for 3 days in SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-12 weeks,and were then randomly divided into ultrasound group and control group.In the ultrasound group,low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was treated daily with a small ultrasonic probe with an effective radiation area of 1 cm2 perpendicular to the Achilles tendon.No intervention was performed in the control group.Ultrasound imaging examination was performed 2 weeks later to observe the early healing of the tendon.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the changes in the number of blood vessels in the tissues after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-related signaling pathway molecules in Achilles tendon tissues was detected by western blot or qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the Achilles tendon in the ultrasound group was more continuous,the echo intensity was lower and more uniform,and the tendon thickness was significantly reduced(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining and CD31 immunohistochemical staining results showed that after 2 weeks of treatment,the number of new vessels in the ultrasound group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).Western blot and qRT-PCR results showed that after 2 weeks of continuous ultrasound intervention,the protein or mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor,Yes-associated protein,angiopoietin-2 and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 in the Achilles tendon of the ultrasound group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).These finding indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound significantly increases the number of blood vessels in the early stage of acute tendon injury and accelerate tendon healing by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression.

Objective To explore the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)combined with multi-slice spiral CT in screening pulmonary nodules in health examination population in govern-ment departments.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the chest CT screening data of health examination population in government departments who had at least diameter of one nodule ≥3 mm.All data were analyzed using AI technology combined with manual film reading.The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was recorded.Based on the risk values predicted by AI technology,the nod-ules were divided into different risk groups,and the basic characteristics of the nodules were analyzed and compared.Results The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was 60.4％.High-risk patients were more likely to present as pure ground glass nodules or mixed ground glass nodules.The average age of individuals with pulmonary nodules was higher than those without(P＜0.05).There were sig-nificant differences in the basic characteristics of pulmonary nodules,including nature,morphology,internal signs,and external signs among different risk groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT examination of the chest scan is helpful for screening pulmonary nodules in large-scale physi-cal examination populations.The combination of AI technology and manual film reading can improve the accuracy of pulmonary nodule screening.

Objective To explore the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)combined with multi-slice spiral CT in screening pulmonary nodules in health examination population in govern-ment departments.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the chest CT screening data of health examination population in government departments who had at least diameter of one nodule ≥3 mm.All data were analyzed using AI technology combined with manual film reading.The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was recorded.Based on the risk values predicted by AI technology,the nod-ules were divided into different risk groups,and the basic characteristics of the nodules were analyzed and compared.Results The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was 60.4％.High-risk patients were more likely to present as pure ground glass nodules or mixed ground glass nodules.The average age of individuals with pulmonary nodules was higher than those without(P＜0.05).There were sig-nificant differences in the basic characteristics of pulmonary nodules,including nature,morphology,internal signs,and external signs among different risk groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT examination of the chest scan is helpful for screening pulmonary nodules in large-scale physi-cal examination populations.The combination of AI technology and manual film reading can improve the accuracy of pulmonary nodule screening.

Compared with conventional treatments, oncolytic virotherapy has the advantages of enhanced cytotoxicity, improved targeting, and minimal side effects. However, its efficacy is not as good as expected for the single drug treatment. The purpose of synergistic effect is one of the development directions of existing oncolytic virus therapy. In this paper, through a systematic review of the current preclinical and clinical trials progress of oncolytic virus combination therapy, the combined treatment strategies of oncolytic virus and immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, targeted therapy,and cell therapy are reviewed to provide reference for further clinical application.

Compared with conventional treatments, oncolytic virotherapy has the advantages of enhanced cytotoxicity, improved targeting, and minimal side effects. However, its efficacy is not as good as expected for the single drug treatment. The purpose of synergistic effect is one of the development directions of existing oncolytic virus therapy. In this paper, through a systematic review of the current preclinical and clinical trials progress of oncolytic virus combination therapy, the combined treatment strategies of oncolytic virus and immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, targeted therapy,and cell therapy are reviewed to provide reference for further clinical application.

Adult ; Atherosclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; China ; Habits ; Humans ; Lipids

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, compare the body composition, clinical indicators, and occurrence of poor UC outcomes between the malnutrition group and the non-malnutrition group, and analyze the risk factors of malnutrition.Methods:A total of 104 UC patients hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University during 2019 to 2021 and with relevant data collected through UC-sarcopenia Prospective Study were included. Data including nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) scores, diagnosis of malnutrition per GLIM criteria, body composition data, clinical data and occurrence of poor outcomes were extracted. All patients were screened for nutritional risk using NRS 2002 at admission, and those at nutritional risk were further evaluated for malnutrition diagnosis per GLIM criteria. The prevalence of malnutrition in UC inpatients, the differences in indicators between malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups, and the risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed.Results:Among the enrolled UC patients , 35 (33.7%) were at nutritional risk, and 30 (28.8%) were diagnosed as malnutrition by GLIM criteria. Compared with the non-malnutrition group, the body composition indexes, including body fat mass, protein, skeletal muscle mass, segmental muscle mass, body water, waist circumference, arm circumference, visceral fat area, basal metabolic rate and body cell mass, all decreased to some extent in the malnutrition group ( P < 0.05). Prealbumin and albumin levels were lower ( P < 0.01). The modified Mayo endoscopic score (MMES), C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher ( P < 0.01). The rates of re-admission and surgery due to disease activity at 90 days were higher ( P < 0.05). High MMES ( OR =1.534, P = 0.044) and low albumin level ( OR =0.781, P = 0.013) were risk factors for malnutrition in UC patients. Conclusions:GLIM criteria is suitable for the diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized UC patients, and malnutrition patients are more likely to experience poor outcomes such as short-term re-admission and surgery. UC patients with higher MMES and lower albumin level are more likely to suffer from malnutrition.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors versus traditional first-line regimens for the treatment of solid tumors.Methods:Databases including PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for literatures from the date of their establishment to October 2018 with the key words including "PD-1/PD-L1, solid tumors, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, immunotherapy" . The randomized controlled trial or non randomized controlled trial of high quality about PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and traditional fist-line regimens for the treatment of solid tumors were received and enrolled. Patients underwent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy were allocated into treatment group, patients underwent traditional first-line regimens treatment were allocated into control group. Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Count data were described as odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The heterogeneity of the studies included was analyzed using the I2 test. Funnel plot was used to test potential publication bias if the studies included≥5, and no test was needed if the studies included<5. Results:(1) Document retrieval: a total of 11 available randomized clinical trials were included. There were 5 161 patients, including 2 677 in the treatment group and 2 484 in the control group. (2) Results of Meta analysis. ① There was a significant difference in the objective response rate between the treatment group and the control group ( OR=4.49, 95% CI: 3.01-6.68, P<0.05). The bilateral symmetry was presented in the funnel plot based on the 9 studies, suggesting that publication bias had little influence on results of Meta analysis. ② There was no significant difference in the disease control rate between the treatment group and the control group ( OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.01-2.32, P=0.05). The bilateral symmetry was presented in the funnel plot based on the 9 studies, suggesting that publication bias had little influence on results of Meta analysis. ③ There was a significant difference in disease stability rate between the treatment group and the control group ( OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.33-0.73, P<0.05). The bilateral symmetry was presented in the funnel plot based on the 9 studies, suggesting that publication bias had little influence on results of Meta analysis. ④ There was no significant difference in disease progression rate between the treatment group and the control group ( OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.45-1.15, P>0.05). The bilateral symmetry was presented in the funnel plot based on the 9 studies, suggesting that publication bias had little influence on results of Meta analysis. ⑤ There were significant differences in overall incidence of adverse events and incidence of adverse events not less than three levels between the treatment group and the control group ( OR=0.53, 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38-0.74, 0.31-0.93, P<0.05). The bilateral symmetry was presented in the funnel plot based on the 11 studies, suggesting that publication bias had little influence on results of Meta analysis. Conclusion:Compared with traditional first-line regimens treatment, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy can improve the objective response rate and decrease the incidence of adverse events.

Pancreatic cancer is called as "the king of carcinoma" owing to its poor prognosis. The current treatment methods range from the world-famous Whipple surgery to combination chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and emerging immunological checkpoint inhibitors. However, they all have certain limitations and the overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer has not been improved significantly in recent decades. With the further study of tumor immunology, tumor immunotherapy has gradually become the focus of cancer therapy. As a novel immunotherapy idea, oncolytic virus therapy is gradually accepted by scholars for its safety and effectiveness. Oncolytic virus can specifically infect and lyse tumor cells. It can not only directly lyse tumor cells by self-replication but also release immune molecules and tumor antigens by lysing tumor cells, which further enhance immune anti-tumor effect without damaging normal tissues. In addition, the oncolytic virus can carry the abundant exogenous target gene through gene editing technology to further enhance the anti-tumor effect of the oncolytic virus. Due to the complexity of the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, the oncolytic virus monotherapy has limited effects, and combination therapy has shown promising prospects. Compared with other tumor immunotherapy, oncolytic virus therapy displays high killing efficiency, targeting ability and small adverse reaction, multiple anti-tumor pathways to avoid drug resistance and low cost, and is expected to become an ideal new way for oncotherapy. Based on domestic and overseas literatures, the authors have reviewed the development of ancolytic virus therapy, treatment mechanism of oncolytic virus and its advances in pancreatic cancer in this article.

The 13th World Congress of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association was held from 4th to 7th September 2018 in Geneva,Switzerland.Thousands of wellknown specialists and scholars from 96 countries around the world were invited for the great event.The congress aimed to explore the latest achievements of diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases from both the clinical and basic perspective.In this article,authors reviewed and analyzed the up-to-date research information and combined clinical researches of the author team,in order to share the experience and achievements in the field of hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery with colleagues and provide new information and inference for optimization of diagnosis and treatment in this field.