Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective To investigate the effects of Amanita caojizong on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax,thereby providing experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of Amanita caojizong poisoning.Methods Mouse cardiomyocytes(HL-1 cells)cultured in vitro were divided into an experimental group(treated with Amanita caojizong extract)and a control group(treated with PBS).After treatment with Amanita caojizong extract,apoptosis of HL-1 cells was observed using TUNEL staining,and the protein expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Cleaved Caspase-3 in HL-1 cardiomyocytes were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the TUNEL staining showed significantly increased apoptotic fluorescence intensity in the Amanita caojizong extract-treated group.The protein expressions of Bax,Caspase-3,and Cleaved Caspase-3 in HL-1 cells in the Amanita caojizong-treated group were upregulated,while the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated.Conclusion Amanita caojizong can promote apoptosis of mouse cardiomyocytes,and its mechanism may be associated with the Bcl-2/Bax pathway.

Albendazole-glucan particles(ABZ-GPS)and abendazole(ABZ)were used to treat secondary alveolar echinococ-cosis in mice.The therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS on alveolar echinococcosis in vivo were evaluated,and the feasibility of using glucan particles as anti-hydatid drug carriers was further verified.Mice with echinococcosis were randomly divided into an ABZ group,glucan nanoparticle(GP)group,ABZ-GPS group,and control group.After four courses of administration with a final concentration of 50 mg/mL,the therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS were evaluated on the basis of imaging,histopathological changes,ultrastructure,and immunology.After ABZ-GPS and ABZ administration,clear liver lesion tissue necrosis and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes were observed.Significant differences in the average cyst wet weight(t=7.83,P＜0.05),were observed between the ABZ-GPS group and ABZ group.Imaging revealed that ABZ-GPs were targeted to liver tissue.Pa-thology and ultrastructure analyses demonstrated that the alveolar hydatid cells in the liver in the control group and GP group grew well,and the vesicles were large,filled with cystic fluid,and translucent or transparent;the cyst wall tension was high;no calcification was observed;the stratum corneum and germinal layer were clear;and more fertile capsules and different num-bers of protocephalospora were present in the liver.In the ABZ group,the capsular cavity collapsed,and showed partial necro-sis and lymphocyte infiltration.In the ABZ-GP group,the corneum and germinal layer of echinococcus vesicles were difficult to identify,and we observed bulbous necrosis,central calcification,fibrous tissue hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration,coarser,shorter or absent microvilli of the germinal layer,nuclear shrinkage,dissolution or disappearance,clear expansion of cytoplasmic microtubules,and myelin-like or vacuole-like changes.Therefore,ABZ-GPs showed good targeting and killing ac-tivity in vivo in mice with secondary alveolar coccosis.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of activity of daily living between social support and cognitive function of rural elderly.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from July to August 2019 among 1 626 rural elderly people selected by multi-stage cluster random method in Guiyang City and Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.The contents include general situation, social support rate scale (SSRS), activity of daily living scale (ADL) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among social support, activity of daily living and cognitive function in the elderly by SPSS 23.0 software. AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct structural equation models, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of activity of daily living.Results:The scores of cognitive function, social support and activity of daily living of the rural elderly were (20.83±5.47), (34.96±6.42) and (16.51±3.29), respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the cognitive function scores among rural elderly with different levels of social support and activity of daily living( F=33.418, t=25.533, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that the social support score was positively correlated with the cognitive function score ( r=0.161, P<0.01), and the activity of daily living score was negatively correlated with scores of social support and cognitive function ( r=-0.083, -0.453, both P<0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that social support, objective support dimensions, activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living were influencing factors of cognitive function of rural elderly( P<0.001).The results of structural equation model showed that the activity of daily living played a partial mediating role between social support and cognitive function in rural elderly, with the mediating effect of 0.046 (95% CI=0.025-0.075), accounting for 13.18% of total effect (effect value=0.349, 95% CI=0.277-0.415). Conclusion:The activity of daily living of rural elderly plays a partial mediating effect between social support and cognitive functioning.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of activity of daily living between social support and cognitive function of rural elderly.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from July to August 2019 among 1 626 rural elderly people selected by multi-stage cluster random method in Guiyang City and Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.The contents include general situation, social support rate scale (SSRS), activity of daily living scale (ADL) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among social support, activity of daily living and cognitive function in the elderly by SPSS 23.0 software. AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct structural equation models, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of activity of daily living.Results:The scores of cognitive function, social support and activity of daily living of the rural elderly were (20.83±5.47), (34.96±6.42) and (16.51±3.29), respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the cognitive function scores among rural elderly with different levels of social support and activity of daily living( F=33.418, t=25.533, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that the social support score was positively correlated with the cognitive function score ( r=0.161, P<0.01), and the activity of daily living score was negatively correlated with scores of social support and cognitive function ( r=-0.083, -0.453, both P<0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that social support, objective support dimensions, activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living were influencing factors of cognitive function of rural elderly( P<0.001).The results of structural equation model showed that the activity of daily living played a partial mediating role between social support and cognitive function in rural elderly, with the mediating effect of 0.046 (95% CI=0.025-0.075), accounting for 13.18% of total effect (effect value=0.349, 95% CI=0.277-0.415). Conclusion:The activity of daily living of rural elderly plays a partial mediating effect between social support and cognitive functioning.

Objective To investigate the effects of Amanita caojizong on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax,thereby providing experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of Amanita caojizong poisoning.Methods Mouse cardiomyocytes(HL-1 cells)cultured in vitro were divided into an experimental group(treated with Amanita caojizong extract)and a control group(treated with PBS).After treatment with Amanita caojizong extract,apoptosis of HL-1 cells was observed using TUNEL staining,and the protein expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Cleaved Caspase-3 in HL-1 cardiomyocytes were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the TUNEL staining showed significantly increased apoptotic fluorescence intensity in the Amanita caojizong extract-treated group.The protein expressions of Bax,Caspase-3,and Cleaved Caspase-3 in HL-1 cells in the Amanita caojizong-treated group were upregulated,while the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated.Conclusion Amanita caojizong can promote apoptosis of mouse cardiomyocytes,and its mechanism may be associated with the Bcl-2/Bax pathway.

Objective:To analyze the differences in endoscopic and pathological features in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) patients with and without Helicobacter pylori ( HP) infection, and to explore the effects of HP on the clinical manifestations and disease development in AIG patients. Methods:From January 2022 to April 2024, 174 AIG patients who visited Beijing Hospital and met the 2022 AIG diagnostic criteria established by Japanese Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society were enrolled and divided into the HP-infected group (including current and previous infection, 77 cases) and the HP-unifected group (97 cases). The general clinical data, laboratory examinations endoscopic findings, and pathological characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. Results:The vitamin B 12 level of HP-infected group was higher than that of HP-unifected group ((573.81±460.77) ng/L vs. (411.86±335.00) ng/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.57, P=0.011). The average red blood cell volume of HP-infected group was lower than that of HP-unifected group ((87.30±8.86) fL vs. (98.50±49.82) fL), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.16, P=0.033). The proportion of intestinal metaplasia in gastric fundus in HP-infected group was lower than that in HP-unifected group (50.6% (39/77) vs. 73.2% (71/97)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.38, P=0.002). Conclusion:HP infection in AIG patients may delay the malabsorption of vitamin B 12 and the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia in gastric fundus.

Albendazole-glucan particles(ABZ-GPS)and abendazole(ABZ)were used to treat secondary alveolar echinococ-cosis in mice.The therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS on alveolar echinococcosis in vivo were evaluated,and the feasibility of using glucan particles as anti-hydatid drug carriers was further verified.Mice with echinococcosis were randomly divided into an ABZ group,glucan nanoparticle(GP)group,ABZ-GPS group,and control group.After four courses of administration with a final concentration of 50 mg/mL,the therapeutic effects of ABZ-GPS were evaluated on the basis of imaging,histopathological changes,ultrastructure,and immunology.After ABZ-GPS and ABZ administration,clear liver lesion tissue necrosis and large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes were observed.Significant differences in the average cyst wet weight(t=7.83,P＜0.05),were observed between the ABZ-GPS group and ABZ group.Imaging revealed that ABZ-GPs were targeted to liver tissue.Pa-thology and ultrastructure analyses demonstrated that the alveolar hydatid cells in the liver in the control group and GP group grew well,and the vesicles were large,filled with cystic fluid,and translucent or transparent;the cyst wall tension was high;no calcification was observed;the stratum corneum and germinal layer were clear;and more fertile capsules and different num-bers of protocephalospora were present in the liver.In the ABZ group,the capsular cavity collapsed,and showed partial necro-sis and lymphocyte infiltration.In the ABZ-GP group,the corneum and germinal layer of echinococcus vesicles were difficult to identify,and we observed bulbous necrosis,central calcification,fibrous tissue hyperplasia,inflammatory cell infiltration,coarser,shorter or absent microvilli of the germinal layer,nuclear shrinkage,dissolution or disappearance,clear expansion of cytoplasmic microtubules,and myelin-like or vacuole-like changes.Therefore,ABZ-GPs showed good targeting and killing ac-tivity in vivo in mice with secondary alveolar coccosis.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of an integrated laparoscopic simulation training course (best essential surgical technique training, BEST) in enhancing laparoscopic peritoneal suturing techniques in surgical residents.Methods As an integrated two-stage program, the BEST course applied basic laparoscopic training system with simple molds in phase Ⅰ training, and then adopted advanced laparoscopic training system, 3D Laparoscope and ex-vivo animal models in phase Ⅱ training. The laparoscopic suturing techniques were practiced in phase Ⅱ training. From August 2021 to July 2024, surgical residents in the second year of the national standardized training program were divided into pilot and control groups based on whether they had undergone the BEST course. Two cases of laparoscopic peritoneal suture were performed by the surgical residents under supervision in the department of gastrointestinal surgery. The operative time, quality of suture, and independent completion rate were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 33 surgical residents (19 in pilot group and 14 in control group) were included in this study, and a total of 66 cases of laparoscopic peritoneal suture were performed (38 in pilot group and 28 in control group). The operative time was significantly shorter in pilot group than that in control group (15.7 min vs. 17.5 min, P=0.025). The quality of suture was significantly better in pilot group compared to control group (P=0.023). In pilot group, all peritoneal sutures were performed by residents independently, whereas in control group, 3 cases (10.7%) were assisted by the supervisor, and the independent completion rate was different significantly (P=0.039).Conclusions The BEST course can help improve surgical residents′ laparoscopic peritoneal suturing techniques and could be promoted in the national standardized training program for surgical residents.

Based on the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model, this study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of Arisaema Cum Bile and explore its mechanisms, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application. Biochemical analysis was used to detect serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides(TG), and total cholesterol(TC) to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Arisaema Cum Bile. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques were employed to jointly elucidate the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Arisaema Cum Bile. The experimental results showed that high-dose Arisaema Cum Bile(PBA-H) significantly reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels(P<0.01), and significantly increased HDL-C levels(P<0.01). The effect was similar to that of fenofibrate, with no significant difference. Furthermore, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly alleviated hepatocyte ballooning and mitigated fatty degeneration in liver tissues. As indicated by 16S rDNA sequencing results, PBA-H significantly enhanced both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the model rats, notably increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum species(P<0.01). Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that PBA-H primarily regulated pathways involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, vitamin B_6 metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. In summary, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly improved abnormal blood lipid levels and liver pathology induced by a high-fat diet, regulated hepatic metabolic disorders, and improved the abundance and structural composition of gut microbiota, thereby exerting its lipid-lowering effect. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Arisaema Cum Bile and the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Hyperlipidemias/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Humans ; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism* ; Triglycerides/metabolism* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism*