Objective To analyze the incidence of congenital syphilis in four regions of China from 2005 to 2020 and predict its change trend, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis. Methods The incidence data of congenital syphilis in eastern, western, central and northeastern China from 2005 to 2020 were collected. The annual change percentage (APC) and average annual change percentage (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint software, and the change trend was analyzed. The ARIMA model was established by SPSS26.0 software to predict the incidence from 2021 to 2025. Results From 2005 to 2020, there were 107 504 cases of congenital syphilis, and the incidence reached the peak in 2011, which was 0.90/100 000, and decreased to 0.09/100 000 in 2020. The incidence of congenital syphilis in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions of China decreased to 0.07/100 000, 0.06/100 000, 0.12/100 000, and 0.15/100 000 in 2020, respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis found that from 2005 to 2020, the incidence of congenital syphilis showed a downward trend in the whole country (AAPC=-8.68%, t=-5.18, P＜0.05), the eastern region (AAPC=-12.01%, t=-6.81, P＜0.05), the central region (AAPC=-5.45%, t=-2.09, P＜0.05), and the western region (AAPC=-6.05%, t=-3.00, P＜0.05), while the incidence in the northeast region was relatively stable (AAPC=-1.66%, t=-1.18，P＞0.05). The ARIMA (2,2,0) model was constructed to predict that the annual incidence of congenital syphilis from 2021 to 2025 would be 0.06/100,000, 0.03/100,000, 0.02/100,000, 0.01/100,000, and 0.01/100,000, respectively. Conclusion From 2005 to 2020, the incidence of congenital syphilis in China shows an overall downward trend. The western and northeastern regions are the key prevention and control areas, and the work of ^"eliminating mother to child transmission of syphilis^" needs to be continuously promoted.

Retinopathy caused by myopia is the first cause of irreversible blinding eye disease in China.The TCM methods to prevent and control myopia mainly include Chinese materia medica and TCM appropriate techniques,which have the advantages of good efficacy,simple operation,and few adverse reactions.This paper believed that internal and external pathogenic factors act on the brain and eyes,breaking their homeostasis,leading to rhythmic disorders,and imbalance of essence,qi and blood is the main pathogenesis of myopia.Based on the idea of"nature and human in the same rhythm"and"the same treatment for common diseases",targeting the above pathogenesis,the method of"brain-eye synchronization"was proposed to restore the homeostasis of the brain and eyes to prevent and control myopia in children and adolescents,and the treatment rules were to regulate the rhythms of the time,harmonize the qi and blood,nourish the blood to soften the tendons,and replenish the essence and blood,so as to achieve the effect of brain-eye synchronization and the treatment of the spirit and the body together.This article summarized the theoretical basis of"brain-eye synchronization"and its clinical application in traditional Chinese and Western medicine,with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.

Objective To study the expression characteristics of osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK)system and the relationship with fibrosis in myocardial tissues of rats with chronic heart failure.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(12 rats)and model group.In sham-operation group,surgical thread was passed through the abdominal aorta without constricting it after laparotomy;in model group,establish the heart failure model by abdominal aorta coarctation.The successful model rats were randomly divided into model 1 week(12 rats),model 2 weeks(11 rats),model 4 weeks(11 rats),model 8 weeks(11 rats)and model 12 weeks groups(11 rats).The end point of the study is at week 12.The contents of hydroxyproline(HYP),total myocardial collagen and collagen volume fraction(CVF)were compaired in all proups.The expression levels of OPG,RANKL and RANK proteins in cardiomyocytes were determined by Western blot.Results The contents of HYP in sham-operation,model 1 week,model 2 weeks,model 4 weeks,model 8 weeks and model 12 weeks group were(0.25±0.04),(0.37±0.05),(0.45±0.04),(0.60±0.05),(0.82±0.10)and(1.03±0.07)μg·mg-1;the total myocardial collagen contents were(1.87±0.31),(2.73±0.38),(3.36±0.31),(4.47±0.37),(6.08±0.74)and(7.67±0.49)μg·mg-1;the CVF were(1.95±0.23)％,(2.40±0.25)％,(3.65±0.25)％,(5.43±0.29)％,(6.97±0.36)％and(9.38±0.49)％;the relative expression levels of OPG protein were 0.64±0.07,0.80±0.07,1.02±0.07,1.32±0.11,2.13±0.12 and 2.84±0.16;the relative expression levels of RANKL protein were 0.71±0.08,1.06±0.07,1.53±0.07,2.62±0.12,4.46±0.14 and 6.11±0.16;the relative expression levels of RANK protein were 0.30±0.05,0.45±0.05,0.63±0.06,0.98±0.07,1.43±0.10 and 1.63±0.10.With the extention of time,the above indexs of all model groups were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group(all P＜0.05).There were positive linear correlation between the relative expression levels of OPG,RANKL,RANK protein and the levels of CVF and total contents in cardiomyocytes of rats with chronic heart failure(allP＜0.01).Conclusions In the process of chronic heart failure,the expression of OPG/RANKL/RANK axis is obviously enhanced,in which the up-regulation of RANKL level is most obvious.The expression level of OPG/RANKL/RANK is positively correlated with CVF and total myocardial collagen content.

Objective To understand the changing composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial species in the clinical isolates from outpatient and emergency department(hereinafter referred to as outpatients)and inpatient children over time in various hospitals,and to provide laboratory evidence for rational antibiotic use.Methods The data on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from outpatients and inpatient children in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 278 471 isolates were isolated from pediatric patients in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.About 17.1％of the strains were isolated from outpatients,primarily group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Most of the strains(82.9％)were isolated from inpatients,mainly SS.aureus,E.coli,and H.influenzae.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)in outpatients(24.5％)was lower than that in inpatient children(31.5％).The MRSA isolates from outpatients showed lower resistance rates to the antibiotics tested than the strains isolated from inpatient children.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or E.faecium and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was low in either outpatients or inpatient children.S.pneumoniae,β-hemolytic Streptococcus and S.viridans showed high resistance rates to erythromycin.The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus was higher in outpatients than that in inpatient children.The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae showed an overall upward trend in children,but lower in outpatients(45.1％)than in inpatient children(59.4％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKpn),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPae)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAba)was 14％,11.7％,47.8％in outpatients,but 24.2％,20.6％,and 52.8％in inpatient children,respectively.The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Proteus mirabilis,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains was lower in outpatients than in inpatient children.The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E.coli,ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,ESBLs-producing P.mirabilis,carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREco),CRKpn,and CRPae was lower in children in outpatients than in inpatient children,but the prevalence of CRAba in 2021 was higher than in inpatient children.Conclusions The distribution of clinical isolates from children is different between outpatients and inpatients.The prevalence of MRSA,ESBL,and CRO was higher in inpatient children than in outpatients.Antibiotics should be used rationally in clinical practice based on etiological diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prevention and control of hospital infections are crucial to curbing bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

OBJECTIVES: To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels. METHODS: The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT). RESULTS: The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.
Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Attention/physiology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult ; Psychometrics

The genome tagging project (GTP) plays a pivotal role in addressing a critical gap in the understanding of protein functions. Within this framework, we successfully generated a human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged sperm-specific protein 411 (HA-tagged Ssp411) mouse model. This model is instrumental in probing the expression and function of Ssp411. Our research revealed that Ssp411 is expressed in the round spermatids, elongating spermatids, elongated spermatids, and epididymal spermatozoa. The comprehensive examination of the distribution of Ssp411 in these germ cells offers new perspectives on its involvement in spermiogenesis. Nevertheless, rigorous further inquiry is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanistic underpinnings of these functions. Ssp411 is not detectable in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes, or 2-cell stage embryos, highlighting its intricate role in early embryonic development. These findings not only advance our understanding of the role of Ssp411 in reproductive physiology but also significantly contribute to the overarching goals of the GTP, fostering groundbreaking advancements in the fields of spermiogenesis and reproductive biology.
Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatids/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Thioredoxins/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression and clinical significance of XPO1 in newly diagnosed adult diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and further investigate its functional mechanism. METHODS: Immunohistochemical testing was conducted for XPO1 expression in 93 cases of DLBCL and 30 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. A risk model was construed to find survival related genes in DLBCL patients. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were performed to explore the effect of XPO1 inhibitor (KPT-8602) and XPO1 knockdown. Differential expression gene (DEG) was examined based on the transcriptomes. RESULTS The expression of XPO1 in DLBCL patients was higher than that of the controls. Compared with XPO1 low-expression group, XPO1 high-expression group had a worse prognosis. The constructed risk model indicated that XPO1 and 14 genes in nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway (NTP) might be potential prediction marker of adverse outcome in DLBCL. Moreover, KPT-8602 as well as the XPO1 knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and induce cell cycle arrest in two DLBCL cell lines, Farage and SU-DHL-4. Based on the gene expression profiling in the datasets of DLBCL, patients were classified into XPO1 high and XPO1 low expression groups, and the MYBL1 was identified as the down-stream effector of XPO1. Inhibiting the function of XPO1 or reducing its expression can significantly decrease the expression of MYBL1 Conclusion: XPO1 is highly expressed in DLBCL, which is associated with poor prognosis. The oncogenic roles of the new XPO1/MYBL1 signaling are identified in DLBCL and XPO1 inhibitor may be a potential option for newly-diagnosed DLBCL patients.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology* ; Exportin 1 Protein ; Karyopherins/metabolism* ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Apoptosis ; Prognosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Clinical Relevance

BACKGROUND: Prolonged occupational noise exposure poses potential health risks, but its impact on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and methylation patterns remains unclear. METHOD: We recruited 306 factory workers, using average binaural high-frequency hearing thresholds from pure-tone audiometry to assess noise exposure. MtDNA damage was evaluated through mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and lesion rate, and mtDNA methylation changes were identified via pyrophosphate sequencing. RESULTS: There was a reduction in MT-RNR1 methylation of 4.52% (95% CI: -7.43% to -1.62%) among workers with abnormal hearing, whereas changes in the D-loop region were not statistically significant (β = -2.06%, 95% CI: -4.44% to 0.31%). MtDNAcn showed a negative association with MT-RNR1 methylation (β = -0.95, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.66), while no significant link was found with D-loop methylation (β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.58 to 0.48). Mediation analysis indicated a significant increase in mtDNAcn by 10.75 units (95% CI: 3.00 to 21.26) in those with abnormal hearing, with MT-RNR1 methylation mediating 35.9% of this effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that occupational noise exposure may influence compensatory increases in mtDNA content through altered MT-RNR1 methylation.
Humans ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; DNA Methylation ; Male ; Adult ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Female

BACKGROUND: Both medication and non-medication therapies are effective approaches to control blood pressure (BP) in hypertension patients. However, the association of joint changes in antihypertensive medication use and healthy lifestyle index (HLI) with BP control among hypertension patients is seldom reported, which needs to provide more evidence by prospective intervention studies. We examined the association of antihypertensive medication use and HLI with BP control among employees with hypertension in China based on a workplace-based multicomponent intervention program. METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2014, a cluster randomized clinical trial of a workplace-based multicomponent intervention program was conducted in 60 workplaces across 20 urban areas in China. Workplaces were randomly divided into intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 20) groups. Basic information on employees at each workplace was collected by trained professionals, including sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, family history, lifestyle behaviors, medication status and physical measurements. After baseline, the intervention group received a 2-year intervention to achieve BP control, which included: (1) a workplace wellness program for all employees; (2) a guidelines-oriented hypertension management protocol. HLI including nonsmoking, nondrinking, adequate physical activity, weight within reference range and balanced diet, were coded on a 5-point scale (range: 0-5, with higher score indicating a healthier lifestyle). Antihypertensive medication use was defined as taking drug within the last 2 weeks. Changes in HLI, antihypertensive medication use and BP control from baseline to 24 months were measured after the intervention. RESULTS: Overall, 4655 employees were included (age: 46.3 ± 7.6 years, men: 3547 (82.3%)). After 24 months of the intervention, there was a significant improvement in lifestyle [smoking (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99; P = 0.045), drinking (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40-0.68; P < 0.001), regular exercise (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.53-3.78; P < 0.001), excessive intake of fatty food (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.52; P = 0.002), restrictive use of salt (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.56; P = 0.001)]. Compare to employees with a deteriorating lifestyle after the intervention, those with an improved lifestyle had a higher BP control. In the intervention group, compared with employees not using antihypertensive medication, those who consistent used (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.16-4.72; P = 0.017) or changed from not using to using antihypertensive medication (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.08-4.62; P = 0.030) had higher BP control. Compared with those having lower HLI, participants with a same (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.99-1.93; P = 0.056) or high (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.27~2.53; P < 0.001) HLI had higher BP control. Those who used antihypertensive medication and had a high HLI had the highest BP control (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.32-2.67, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis also showed the consistent effect as the above. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that adherence to antihypertensive medication treatment and healthy lifestyle were associated with a significant improvement in BP control among employees with hypertension.