Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective:To investigate the effect of transurethral green laser prostate enucleation (GreenLEP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with detrusor underactivity (DU).Methods:The clinical data of 157 BPH patients treated with GreenLEP at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The average age of the patients was (73.2±7.9) years old, with disease duration of 4(2, 8) years. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent comprehensive urodynamic studies and prostate ultrasonography (or enhanced MRI). Preoperative prostate volume was 42.1(34.2, 59.4) ml, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was (27.9±3.4), quality of life (QOL) score was (5.1±0.8), preoperative residual urine volume (PVR) was 40.0(20.0, 80.0) ml, and preoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Q max) was 4.0(2.0, 7.0) ml/s. Patients were stratified into DU and non-DU groups using a bladder contractility index (BCI) threshold of less than 100 to diagnose DU. The cohort comprised 76 individuals in the DU group and 81 in the non-DU group. At the three-month postoperative juncture, a follow-up assessment was conducted on the patients, focusing on the evolution of subjective metrics (IPSS, QOL) and objective parameters (PVR, Q max). This study defined successful treatment outcomes at the 3-month mark as achieving PVR<20 ml and Q max>10 ml/s. Cases not meeting these criteria were categorized as treatment failure. Based on treatment outcomes, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were plotted to identify the optimal cutoff value of BCI for predicting treatment efficacy. Subsequently, DU patients were classified into mild and severe DU groups based on this optimal BCI threshold. The differences of subjective indicators (IPSS, QOL) and objective parameters (PVR, Q max) preoperatively among non-DU, mild DU, and severe DU groups, as well as changes in these indices three months postoperatively were analyzed. Results:All 157 surgeries were successfully completed, with a median hospital stay of 6(5, 8) days. At the 3-month postoperative follow-up, 78 patients were deemed treatment successes and 3 as failures in non-DU group, 64 were successful and 12 failed in DU group. Utilizing ROC curve analysis, the BCI was optimally set at 57.5. This stratification resulted in 56 cases classified as mild DU (57.5≤BCI<100) group and 20 cases as severe DU (BCI<57.5) group. A comparative analysis of the three patient cohorts, revealed no significant statistical variation in terms of age, disease duration, or prostate volume ( P>0.05). In the non-DU, mild DU, and severe DU groups, IPSS were (26.8±3.4), (28.6±3.0), and (30.6±2.4) respectively, QOL sores were (4.9±0.9), (5.2±0.7), and (5.7±0.5) respectively, PVR volumes were 50.0(20.0, 90.0), 20.0(10.0, 50.0), and 60.0(27.5, 165.0) ml respectively, Q max were 4.0(2.0, 7.0), 5.0(4.0, 6.0), and 0(0, 2.3) ml/s respectively. Preoperative IPSS and QOL were significantly lower in the non-DU group compared with mild and severe DU groups ( P<0.05). Mild DU group had lower preoperative IPSS and QOL than the severe DU group ( P<0.05). Preoperative PVR in the mild DU group was less than that in both non-DU and severe DU groups ( P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in preoperative PVR between non-DU and severe DU groups ( P>0.05). Preoperative Q maxof non-DU and mild DU groups was significantly higher than that of severe DU group ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between non-DU and mild DU ( P>0.05). Three months after surgery, IPSS scores of non-DU group, mild DU group and severe DU group were (12.5±4.7), (14.9±3.6) and (18.8±4.1), respectively. QOL scores of the 3 groups improved to (1.1±0.4), (1.2±0.5) and (1.9±1.0), respectively. PVR was 0 in non-DU and mild DU, and 20.0 (19.5, 61.3) ml in severe DU. Q max of the 3 groups were improved to 22.0(18.0, 27.0), 17.0(14.0, 22.3), and 9.0(6.8, 13.0) ml/s, respectively. Significant improvements of subjective symptoms (IPSS, QOL) and objective parameters (PVR, Q max) were observed in non-DU and mild DU group compared with preoperative( P<0.05). Significant improvements of IPSS, QOL and Q max ( P<0.05) but not PVR ( P=0.14)were observed in severe DU group. Additionally, significant differences were noted in PVR and Q max changes among the three groups ( P<0.05), but not in IPSS and QOL changes ( P>0.05). The absolute value of PVR and Q max changes in the non-DU group were higher than those in the mild DU group and the severe DU group ( P<0.05). Additionally, the change of Q max in mild DU group was significantly higher than that in severe DU group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:BPH patients with different degrees of DU can benefit from GreenLEP surgery, but for BPH patients with severe DU (BCI < 57.5), the improvements in PVR and Q max are less than that in the non-DU group.

OBJECTIVE To screen and quantitatively analyze differential quality markers （Q-Marker） in Zingiber officinale mixed and triturated with Schisandra chinensis （ZMTS） before and after processing. METHODS HPLC fingerprints of before processing [Z. officinale complicated with S. chinensis （ZWS）] and after processing （ZMTS） （10 batches each） were established. The differences of Q-Markers before and after processing were screened by the chemical pattern recognition method and Q-Marker “five principles”， and the contents were determined. RESULTS A total of 14 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of ZWS， 22 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of ZMTS， and 8 components were identified. Differential Q-Marker were screened by chemical pattern recognition and Q-Marker “five principles”， i. e. 6-gingerol， schisandrol A schisandrol B， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol， schisandrin A， schisandrin B， schizandrin C. The average contents of the 8 differential Q-Markers in ZMTS were 229.46， 244.48， 39.96， 44.12， 61.17， 47.82， 100.11 and 9.70 μg/g， respectively. The average contents of the 4 differential Q-Markers （6-gingerol， schisandrol A， schisandrol B， 8-gingerol） in ZWS were 112.58， 19.01， 26.74 and 5.98 μg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study， the differential Q-Markers before and after ZMTS processing are screened. The contents of the Q-Markers in ZMTS after processing are higher than those before processing.

The composition of intestinal microflora is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been proved directly related to the recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by the exploration potential anti-Fn drug targets and discovery small molecule drugs. However, no selective anti-Fn small molecule inhibitors have been reported so far as well as their anti-Fn thereby "anti-Fn further anticancer" mechanisms are unclear. Herein, this article reviews the potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of Fn in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-Fn and anti-CRC small molecule drugs.

This study explored a new model of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) and adjusted prostate-specific antigen density of peripheral zone (aPSADPZ) for predicting the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The demographic and clinical characteristics of 853 patients were recorded. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), PSAD of peripheral zone (PSADPZ), aPSADPZ, and peripheral zone volume ratio (PZ-ratio) were calculated and subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The calibration and discrimination abilities of new nomograms were verified with the calibration curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The clinical benefits of these models were evaluated by decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves. The AUCs of PSA, PSAD, PSADPZ, aPSADPZ, and PZ-ratio were 0.669, 0.762, 0.659, 0.812, and 0.748 for PCa diagnosis, while 0.713, 0.788, 0.694, 0.828, and 0.735 for csPCa diagnosis, respectively. All nomograms displayed higher net benefit and better overall calibration than the scenarios for predicting the occurrence of PCa or csPCa. The new model significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of PCa (0.945 vs 0.830, P < 0.01) and csPCa (0.937 vs 0.845, P < 0.01) compared with the base model. In addition, the number of patients with PCa and csPCa predicted by the new model was in good agreement with the actual number of patients with PCa and csPCa in high-risk threshold. This study demonstrates that aPSADPZ has a higher predictive accuracy for PCa diagnosis than the conventional indicators. Combining aPSADPZ with PIRADS can improve PCa diagnosis and avoid unnecessary biopsies.
Male ; Humans ; Prostate/pathology* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Biopsy ; Nomograms ; Retrospective Studies

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

ObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of CT based radiomics model in differentiating Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer （GC） from primary gastric lymphoma （PGL）. MethodsA total of 186 cases （Borrmann type Ⅳ GC： 132； PGL： 86） pathologically diagnosed by surgical resection and/or endoscopic biopsy were enrolled from June 2008 to April 2018 retrospectively. Radiomics features were extracted from CT arterial phase and venous phase images by computed algorithm， and selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （Lasso） logistic regression， and then the CT-based radiomics models were established. CT subjective signs were reviewed to build CT subjective signs model， while CT subjective signs and radiomics signature were assembled to build combined model. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the performance of CT subjective sign model， radiomics model and the combined model. ResultsTwo signs（the bright line sign of serosa and the irregular nodular protrusion on the serosa side）were selected into the CT subjective sign model. Among the radiomics features， 9 venous phase features， 8 arterial phase features and 14 arteriovenous combination features related to tumor classification were selected， and the corresponding radiomics models were constructed respectively. When the cut-off value of CT subjective sign model was 0.188， the area under curve （AUC） was 0.846， the sensitivity was 61.9%， the specificity was 81.7%， and the accuracy was 76.5%. The cut-off values of arterial phase， venous phase and arteriovenous phase radiomics model were -0.315， -0.669 and -0.858， respectively， and the AUCs were 0.864， 0.955 and 0.890， the sensitivity were 71.4%， 95.2% and 81.0%， the specificity were 85.0%， 88.3% and 80.0%， the accuracy were 81.5%， 90.1% and 80.3%， respectively. The cut-off values of arterial phase， venous phase and arteriovenous phase in the combined model were 0.257， 0.556 and 0.497， respectively， and the AUCs were 0.883， 0.956 and 0.918， the sensitivity was 71.4%， 90.5% and 71.4%， the specificity was 85.0%， 93.3% and 90.0% and the accuracy were 81.5%， 92.6% and 85.2%， respectively. The diagnostic performance of the models from high to low were the combined model， radiomics model and CT subjective finding model （ P< 0.001）， and CT venous phase images were more effective in the differential diagnosis of the two tumors. ConclusionsThe radiomics model based on the arterial and venous phases CT images could differentiate Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric carcinoma from primary gastric lymphoma effectively.

Four triterpenoids were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Maytenus guangxiensis by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI column chromatography and preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were determined from their physicochemical properties and spectral data. They were identified as maytguanone A (1), maytguanone B (2), 11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β-diol (3), lup-20(29)-ene-3β,11α-diol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 are new triterpenoids, along with compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from M. guangxiensis for the first time. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 3 and 4 was evaluated using the MTT procedure with three cancer cell lines. The results show that compound 3 displayed good inhibitory effects against HeLa, with an IC₅₀ of 10.68 μmol·L^-1.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), to clarify the cause of the disease, and to provide the basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. METHODS: The clinical data of proband and his parents were collected, and HS-related pathogenic genovariation of the proband was detected by high throughput sequencing. Suspected pathogenic mutation sites were verified by PCR-Sanger sequencing, and the fetus were conceived by a proband mother underwent prenatal diagnosis. RESULTS: Clinical manifestations of the proband showed moderate anemia, mild splenomegaly, and jaundice (an indirect increase of bilirubin). The gene detection showed that the proband showed compound heterozygous mutations of SPTB gene c. 6095T > C (p.Leu2032Pro) and c. 6224A > G (p.Glu2075Gly), which was inherited from the asymptomatic mother and father, respectively. Both mutations were detected rarely in the common population. Prenatal diagnosis revealed that the fetus inherited a mutant gene of the mother. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous mutations of SPTB genes c.6095T>C (p.Leu2032Pro) and c.6224A>G (p.Glu2075Gly) were the causes of the family disease, which provides a basis for family genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. This report is the first one found in the HGMD,1000G and EXAC database, which provides an addition to the mutation profile of the SPTB gene.
Female ; Genetic Testing ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Spectrin/genetics* ; Spherocytosis, Hereditary/genetics*

Objective: To investigate the incidence and trend of short-term outcomes among preterm infants born <34 weeks' gestation. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the standardized database established by a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled study "reduction of infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) using the evidence-based practice for improving quality (REIN-EPIQ) study". This study was conducted in 25 tertiary NICU. A total of 27 192 infants with gestational age <34 weeks at birth and admitted to NICU within the first 7 days of life from May 2015 to April 2018 were enrolled. Infants with severe congenital malformation were excluded. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the mortality and major morbidities of preterm infants by gestational age groups and different admission year groups. Cochran-Armitage test and Jonckheere-Terpstra test were used to analyze the trend of incidences of mortality and morbidities in 3 study-years. Multiple Logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the differences of outcomes in 3 study-years adjusting for confounders. Results: A total of 27 192 preterm infants were enrolled with gestational age of (31.3±2.0) weeks at birth and weight of (1 617±415) g at birth. Overall, 9.5% (2 594/27 192) of infants were discharged against medical advice, and the overall mortality rate was 10.7% (2 907/27 192). Mortality for infants who received complete care was 4.7% (1 147/24 598), and mortality or any major morbidity was 26.2% (6 452/24 598). The incidences of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, proven necrotizing enterocolitis, and severe retinopathy of prematurity were 16.0% (4 342/27 192), 11.9% (3 225/27 192), 6.8% (1 641/24 206), 3.6% (939/25 762) and 1.5% (214/13 868), respectively. There was a decreasing of the overall mortality (P<0.001) during the 3 years. Also, the incidences for sepsis and severe retinopathy of prematurity both decreased (both P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the major morbidity in preterm infants who received complete care during the 3-year study period (P=0.230). After adjusting for confounders, infants admitted during the third study year showed significantly lower risk of overall mortality (adjust OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.55-0.69, P<0.001), mortality or major morbidity, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis and severe retinopathy of prematurity, compared to those admitted in the first study year (all P<0.05). Conclusions: From 2015 to 2018, the mortality and major morbidities among preterm infants in Chinese NICU decreased, but there is still space for further efforts. Further targeted quality improvement is needed to improve the overall outcome of preterm infants.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality/trends* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology* ; Patient Discharge ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology* ; Sepsis/epidemiology*