Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behaviors among middle school students in Jiading District of Shanghai, from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for the development of NSSI prevention and control measures among students. Methods: Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of five times for Shanghai Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Surveys were conducted for every two years in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2023. A total of 5 231 middle school students from junior high schools and senior high schools were selected for questionnaire surveys. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the x 2 test or the χ 2 trend test, and the JointPoint 5.0 software was used to analyze the changing trends, with the annual percent change (APC) used for evaluation. A binary Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the related factors of NSSI behavior among middle school students. Results: In 2023, the reported NSSI rate among middle school students in Jiading District was 14.2%. The rate was significantly higher among junior high school students (17.1%) than that among senior high school students (11.1%), and higher among females (19.2%) than that among males (10.0%) ( χ 2=10.04, 23.21, both P <0.01). From 2015 to 2023, the overall reported NSSI rate showed an increasing trend, rising from 8.6% in 2015 to 14.2% in 2023 ( χ 2 trend =22.25), with an APC of 6.64% ( t =3.49), and the APC for girls was 9.79 % ( t =3.20) (all P <0.05). Among students reporting NSSI, the proportion experiencing ≥6 episodes increased from 10.8% in 2015 to 19.2% in 2023 ( χ 2 trend =6.57, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that girls, junior high school students, those with insomnia, depressive emotion and drinkers had higher risks of NSSI, compared to boys, senior high school students, those without insomnia, non depressive emotion students and non drinkers ( OR =1.71, 1.96, 3.44, 4.76, 1.77, all P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The reported rate of NSSI among middle school students in Jiading District of Shanghai, increased annually from 2015 to 2023, and the proportion of repeated NSSI also showed an upward trend. Early intervention measures targeting middle school students, especially junior high school students and females, should be implemented to prevent and control its occurrence and development.

Disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier caused by gut dysbiosis and metabolic imbalance is the underlying pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Traditional Chinese medicine Wuji Wan (WJW) is commonly used to treat digestive system disorders and showed therapeutic potential for IBD. In this interdisciplinary study, we aim to investigate the pharmacological effects of WJW against experimental colitis by combining functional metabolomics and gut-microbiota sequencing techniques. Treatment with WJW altered the profile of the intestinal microbiota and notably increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, thereby facilitating the conversion of tryptophan into indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indoleacrylic acid (IA). These indole derivatives activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, which reduced colonic inflammation and restored the expression of intestinal barrier proteins. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of WJW on gut barrier function improvement and tryptophan metabolism were disappeared in the absence of gut microbiota. Finally, pre-treatment with the AhR antagonist CH-223191 confirmed the essential role of IAA-mediated AhR activation in the therapeutic effects of WJW. Overall, WJW enhanced intestinal barrier function and reduced colonic inflammation in a murine colitis model by modulating Lactobacillus-IAA-AhR signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into colitis pathogenesis and presents an effective therapeutic and preventive approach against IBD.

Aim To screen and study the expression of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with MCAO treated with Tao Hong Si Wu decoction (THSWD) and determine the possible molecular mechanism of THSWD in treating MCAO rats. Methods Three cerebral hemisphere tissue were obtained from the control group, MCAO group and MCAO + THSWD group. RNA sequencing technology was used to identify IncRNA gene expression in the three groups. THSWD-regulated IncRNA genes were identified, and then a THSWD-regu-lated IncRNA-mRNA network was constructed. MCODE plug-in units were used to identify the modules of IncRNA-mRNA networks. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the enriched biological functions and signaling pathways. Cis- and trans-regulatory genes for THSWD-regulated IncRNAs were identified. Reverse transcription real-time quantitative pol-ymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify IncRNAs. Molecular docking was used to identify IncRNA-mRNA network targets and pathway-associated proteins. Results In MCAO rats, THSWD regulated a total of 302 IncRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that some core IncRNAs might play an important role in the treatment of MCAO rats with THSWD, and we further found that THSWD might also treat MCAO rats through multiple pathways such as IncRNA-mRNA network and network-enriched complement and coagulation cascades. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds gallic acid and a-mygdalin of THSWD had a certain binding ability to protein targets. Conclusions THSWD can protect the brain injury of MCAO rats through IncRNA, which may provide new insights for the treatment of ischemic stroke with THSWD.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the influences of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells induced by hypertonicity through regulating adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)/uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1(ULK1)autophagy pathway.Methods The ophthalmoxerosis cell model was established by osmotic pressure of 500 mOsm·L-1 on corneal epithelial cells.They were divided into model group,positive control group(0.3％sodium hyaluronate eye drops),inhibitor group(1 mg·mL-1 Lycium barbarum polysaccharide+10 μmol·L-1compound C),experimental-L,-H groups(0.5,1.0 mg·mL 1 Lycium barbarum polysaccharide),and normal cultured CRL-11135 cells were taken as blank group(no treatment was performed).Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Autophagy was detected by MDC staining.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and p-ULK1/ULK1.Results The apoptosis rates of experimental-L,experimental-H,positive control,inhibitor,model and blank groups were(26.47±2.13)％,(13.68±2.21)％,(12.54±2.16)％,(18.73±2.12)％,(37.56±3.25)％and(6.35±2.14)％;the relative contents of autophagosomes were(59.63±8.14)％,(89.89±9.04)％,(90.31±9.13)％,(62.75±7.26)％,(43.11±6.45)％and(100.00±0.00)％;p-AMPK/AMPK were 0.45±0.07,0.64±0.08,0.66±0.06,0.53±0.04,0.34±0.05 and 0.87±0.06;p-ULKl/ULKl were 0.54±0.06,0.75±0.05,0.77±0.03,0.65±0.04,0.46±0.04 and 0.92±0.08,respectively.The above indexes in experimental-L,-H groups and positive control group were significantly different from those in model group(all P＜0.05);the above indexes in inhibitor group were significantly different from those in experimental-H group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Lycium barbarum polysaccharide can inhibit the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells induced by hypertonicity by activating the AMPK/ULK1 autophagy pathway.

The assessment of adverse drug events is an important basis for clinical safety evaluation and post-marketing risk control of drugs,and its causality assessment is gaining increasing attention.The existing methods for assessing the causal relationship between drugs and the occurrence of adverse reactions can be broadly classified into three categories:global introspective methods,standardized methods,and probabilistic methods.At present,there is no systematic introduction of the operational details of the various methods in the domestic literature.This paper compares representative causality assessment methods in terms of definition and concept,methodological steps,industry evaluation and advantages and disadvantages,clarifies the basic process of determining the causality of adverse drug reactions,and discusses how to further improve the adverse drug reaction monitoring and evaluation system,with a view to providing a reference for drug development and pharmacovigilance work in China.

Quercetin can mediate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways to prevent osteoporosis(OP).This paper comprehensively discusses the interrelationship between MAPK and osteoporosis-related cells based on the latest domestic and international research.Additionally,it elucidates the research progress of quercetin in mediating the MAPK signaling pathway for OP prevention.The aim is to provide an effective foundation for the clinical prevention and treatment of OP and the in-depth development of quercetin.

The pattern differentiation method is the most representative part of the inheritance of the experience of renowned practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine,reflecting their clinical thinking characteristics. Among them,Professor LYU Renhe proposed and developed the theory of abdominal masses in the long-term diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. Based on his clinical experience,he formed the method of differentiation of Shenluozhengjia (tangible or intangible abdominal masses of kidney collaterals). This differentiation method is characterized by its simple and easy clinical application. Tangible or intangible abdominal masses of kidney collaterals refer to chronic kidney disease,which is based on the basic cause of kidney deficiency. External or internal pathogenic factors cannot be eliminated,and prolonged illness invades the kidney collaterals,causing pathological products,such as qi stagnation,blood stasis,phlegm dampness,heat toxin,and turbid toxin to stagnate in the kidney collaterals,resulting in damage to the kidney body and loss of kidney function. The basic pathogenesis is a deficiency of kidney qi and the formation of tangible or intangible abdominal masses of the kidney collaterals. During pattern differentiation,the type is determined by the deficiency,which is fixed,and the pattern is determined by the excess,which is constantly changing with the condition and can be combined. Furthermore,he summarized the dietary principles as having more essence and less coarseness,more milk and less meat,a phased diet,and the selection of the symptomatic diet. To inherit and improve the theory and clinical practice of the pattern differentiation theory of tangible or intangible abdominal masses of kidney collaterals,this article reviews and summarizes the unique pattern differentiation method of the kidney collateral pattern from the aspects of definition,theoretical origin,etiology and pathogenesis,differentiation and treatment,and regulation,providing a basis for forming suitable diagnosis and treatment method for clinical promotion.

This study was aimed at studying the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of a Salmonella Grumpensis isolate from a patient with diarrhea in Shanghai,to provide evi-dence for the prevention of salmonellosis.Biochemical identifi-cation,serum agglutination testing,antimicrobial susceptibility testing,and whole genome sequencing(WGS)were performed on isolate 2023JD76.Global Salmonella Grumpensis genome sequences were searched and downloaded for serotyping predic-tion,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),prediction of anti-microbia resistance genes and virulence genes,and phylogenetic analysis of 2023JD76.The 2023JD76 strain was identified as Salmonella Grumpensis(13,23:d:1,7)with ST2060,and was susceptible to 20 antimicrobial agents.Strain 2023JD76 carried the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-Iaa and five types of virulence genes:the adhesion genes csg and rat;the secretion and transport genes sip and inv;the typhoid toxin genes cdt and plt;the invasive gene nutrient metabolism factor mgt;and the antimicrobial peptide resistance factor mig.Global S.Grumpensis strains harbored ten types of antimicrobial resistance genes whose prevalence ranged from 58.33％to 100％.The global genome sequences of S.Grumpensis were divided into two lineages.Lineage I was dominated by ST751(88.89％,16/18),and lineage Ⅱ was dominated by ST2060(89.47％,17/19).The genome sequence of strain 2023JD76 belonged to lineage Ⅱ,and was closely related to the genome sequences from human fecal and human cerebrospinal fluid.This study provides the first report of a S.Grumpensis isolate from the stool of a patient with diarrhea in China.Considerable variability in antimicrobial resistance genes was observed among genome sequences from different sources,and the strains harbored a substantial number of virulence genes.Enhanced surveillance should be emphasized to prevent a potential risk of global dissemination.