ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the long-term prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） of yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 371 DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was defined as the exposure factor. Patients were categorized into exposure group （186 cases） and non-exposure group （185 cases） according to whether they received yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy combined with conventional western medicine for 6 months or longer. The follow-up period was set at 48 months， and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） in both groups. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the risk of MACE， and subgroup analysis was performed. Changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） score were compared between groups at the time of first combined use of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy （before treatment） and 1 year after receiving the therapy （after treatment）. ResultsMACE occurred in 31 cases （16.67%） in the exposure group and 47 cases （25.41%） in the non-exposure group. The cumulative incidence of MACE in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the non-exposure group ［HR=0.559， 95%CI（0.361，0.895）， P=0.014］. Cox regression analysis showed that yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was an independent factor for reducing the risk of MACE in DCM patients ［HR=0.623， 95%CI（0.396，0.980）， P=0.041］， and consistent results were observed in different subgroups. Compared with pre-treatment， the exposure group showed decreased TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score， reduced LVEDD， and increased LVEF and LVFS after treatment （P＜0.05）； in the non-exposure group， TCM syndrome score decreased， LVEF and LVFS increased， and LVEDD reduced after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the exposure group had higher LVEF and LVFS， smaller LVEDD， and lower TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score compared with the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCombining yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy with conventional western medicine can reduce the risk of MACE in DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， meanwhile improving their clinical symptoms， cardiac function， and quality of life.

BACKGROUND:Inflammation and apoptosis play key roles in the pathological process of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Previous studies have shown that Pueraria lobata decoction has favorable therapeutic effects on cervical spondylotic myelopathy.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Pueraria lobata decoction in neuroinflammatory response and apoptosis in rats with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:a normal group,a sham-operated group,a model group,and three groups that received low,medium,and high doses of Pueraria lobata decoction.An animal model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was constructed through compression of the spinal cord with water-absorbing and expanding material.Gastric administration of Pueraria lobata decoction(4.86,9.72,and 19.44 g/kg)was given in the three Pueraria lobata decoction groups 2 weeks after surgery,and the resting groups were given saline by gavage,once daily for 4 weeks.Motor function evaluation(Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score)was performed in rats on days 1,7,14,21 and 28 after drug administration.At 4 weeks after drug administration,hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathomorphologic changes in spinal cord tissue;immunofluorescence double staining was used for the detection of microglial cell polarization in spinal cord tissue;quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to detect the changes in the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA;western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65,NF-κB p65,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaved Caspase-1,Bax,Bcl-2,Cleaved Caspase-3,NOX4,p-Drp1,Drp1,and Mfn2 in spinal cord tissues;TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis in spinal cord tissues;and DHE staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species levels in rat spinal cord tissues.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,reduced Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores were observed in the model group(P<0.05),spinal cord neurons were crumpled and malformed with vacuolike changes.The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores in the low-,medium-and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups were significantly higher than those in the model group(P<0.05),and spinal cord neuronal damage reduced significantly.(2)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,there were elevated levels of Iba-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins and increased interleukin-6 and interluekin-1β mRNA expression in the spinal cord tissue of rats in the model group(P<0.05).The expression levels of Iba-1,inducible nitric oxide synthase,p-NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC and cleaved caspase-1 proteins as well as interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNAs in the spinal cord tissues of rats in the low-,medium-and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups were reduced compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,the rate of TUNEL-positive cells and the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were increased in the spinal cord tissues of rats in the model group(P<0.05),while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indexes were significantly improved in the low-,medium-and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups.(4)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,the model group exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species,along with elevated expression of NOX4 and p-Drp1 proteins(P<0.05)and reduced expression of Mfn2 protein(P<0.05)in the rat spinal crod tissue.Compared with the model group,the low-,medium-,and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups exhibited reduced levels of reactive oxygen species,as well as decreased expression of NOX4 and p-Drp1 proteins(P<0.05)and increased expression of Mfn2 protein(P<0.05)in the rat spinal cord tissue.To conclude,Pueraria lobata decoction inhibits neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis in the rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy,and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the NOX4/reactive oxygen species/DRP1 signaling pathway.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Jinfukang Oral Liquid combined with thymosin α1 on patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin.METHODS Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned into thymosin α1 group(15 cases)for 4-week administration,Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(30 cases)for 4-week administration,and combination group(30 cases)for 4-week administration.The changes in TCM clinical syndrome effects,immunity indices(CD3+T,Th,CTL,total NK,CD56dim CD16+NK,NKT,Treg,MDSC),lethality/inhibition ratios(CTL/Treg,total NK/Treg,NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC)and FACT-L scores were detected.RESULTS The Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group demonstrated higher total effective rates than the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased NKT(P＜0.05)and decreased MDSC(P＜0.05),which were more obvious than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher NKT was observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased lethality/inhibition ratios(P＜0.05),among which NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were higher than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher CTL/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(except for physiological status,society and family status)and combination group(except for society and family status)displayed increased FACT-L scores(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin,Jinfukang Oral Liquid single use or combined with thymosin α1 can enhance peripheral blood immune surveillance,inhibit immune escape,restore the balanced state of tumor immune responses,and improve TCM syndromes and life quality.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND:Inflammation and apoptosis play key roles in the pathological process of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Previous studies have shown that Pueraria lobata decoction has favorable therapeutic effects on cervical spondylotic myelopathy.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Pueraria lobata decoction in neuroinflammatory response and apoptosis in rats with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:a normal group,a sham-operated group,a model group,and three groups that received low,medium,and high doses of Pueraria lobata decoction.An animal model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was constructed through compression of the spinal cord with water-absorbing and expanding material.Gastric administration of Pueraria lobata decoction(4.86,9.72,and 19.44 g/kg)was given in the three Pueraria lobata decoction groups 2 weeks after surgery,and the resting groups were given saline by gavage,once daily for 4 weeks.Motor function evaluation(Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score)was performed in rats on days 1,7,14,21 and 28 after drug administration.At 4 weeks after drug administration,hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathomorphologic changes in spinal cord tissue;immunofluorescence double staining was used for the detection of microglial cell polarization in spinal cord tissue;quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to detect the changes in the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA;western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65,NF-κB p65,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaved Caspase-1,Bax,Bcl-2,Cleaved Caspase-3,NOX4,p-Drp1,Drp1,and Mfn2 in spinal cord tissues;TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis in spinal cord tissues;and DHE staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species levels in rat spinal cord tissues.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,reduced Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores were observed in the model group(P<0.05),spinal cord neurons were crumpled and malformed with vacuolike changes.The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores in the low-,medium-and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups were significantly higher than those in the model group(P<0.05),and spinal cord neuronal damage reduced significantly.(2)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,there were elevated levels of Iba-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins and increased interleukin-6 and interluekin-1β mRNA expression in the spinal cord tissue of rats in the model group(P<0.05).The expression levels of Iba-1,inducible nitric oxide synthase,p-NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC and cleaved caspase-1 proteins as well as interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNAs in the spinal cord tissues of rats in the low-,medium-and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups were reduced compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,the rate of TUNEL-positive cells and the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were increased in the spinal cord tissues of rats in the model group(P<0.05),while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indexes were significantly improved in the low-,medium-and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups.(4)Compared with the normal and sham-operated groups,the model group exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species,along with elevated expression of NOX4 and p-Drp1 proteins(P<0.05)and reduced expression of Mfn2 protein(P<0.05)in the rat spinal crod tissue.Compared with the model group,the low-,medium-,and high-dose Pueraria lobata decoction groups exhibited reduced levels of reactive oxygen species,as well as decreased expression of NOX4 and p-Drp1 proteins(P<0.05)and increased expression of Mfn2 protein(P<0.05)in the rat spinal cord tissue.To conclude,Pueraria lobata decoction inhibits neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis in the rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy,and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the NOX4/reactive oxygen species/DRP1 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of salidroside(Sal)on endoplasmic reticulum stress and connexin 43 in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI).Methods SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,MIRI group,low-does Sal(Sal-L)group and high-does Sal(Sal-H)group.The Sham group and MIRI group were intraperitoneal injec-ted with 0.9％sodium chloride solution(10 mL·kg-1·d-1),the Sal-L group and Sal-H group were intraperitoneal injected at a volume of 10 mL·kg-1 with Sal(12,36 mg·kg-1·d-1),respectively.Each group was given a corresponding intervention once a day for 3 d.The MIRI model was established 30 min after the last administration in all groups except the Sham group.The patho-logical changes of myocardial tissue were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.TdT-mediated-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)was used to observe the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte,the genes and proteins expression of Cx43 and endoplasmic reticu-lum stress related factors such as GRP78,Caspasel2,CHOP and so on were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR)and western blot analysis.Results Compared with the MIRI group,the degree of tissue and cell injury in each Sal group was alleviated,with a decreased apoptosis rate observed in the Sal-H group(P＜0.05),the gene expression of Cx43 was up-regulated while GRP78,Caspase12,and CHOP gene expressions were down-regulated in both does groups of Sal.The protein expressions of Cx43 and GRP78 were also be up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in both dose groups of Sal,meanwhile the protein expressions of CHOP,Bax,Caspasel2 and cleaved-Caspase3 were down-regulated and the protein expres-sion of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in SAL-H group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The protective effect of salidroside on cardiomyocytes may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and the imbalance of Cx43 metabolism.

The aim of this study is to identify the cause of death of a South China tiger cub at the Meihuashan breeding institute of Fujian Province.Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured from liver,spleen,lung and other tissue samples of the dead South China tiger aseptically.The iso-lated bacteria were identified through morphological observation,biochemical characterization,sequence analysis of housekeeping gene gyrB,virulence gene detection,animal pathogenicity test and drug sensitivity test.A pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila strain,designated FJ/Tiger-201809 was successfully isolated from the trachea of dead South China tiger.The nucleotide sequence ho-mology between the isolate and 11 strains of Aeromonas gyrB ranged from 91.2％to 99.1％,with the highest homology of 99.1％observed with Aeromonas hydrophila(AF208251.1).Genetic evo-lution analysis showed that the isolated strain FJ/Tiger-201809 was in the same evolutionary branch as other reference strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and was closely related.The pathoge-nicity test in mice showed artificial infection of mice with the strain resulted in varying degrees of lesions in several organs of the mice,and the median lethal dose(LD50)was 1 × 107.8 CFU/mL.Virulence gene test results showed that the isolate FJ/Tiger-201809 carried two virulence genes,aer and act.The results of drug sensitivity test showed that FJ/Tiger-201809 was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and ampicillin among 18 commonly used antibiotics,relatively sensitive to penicil-lin G and doxycycline,and resistant to the other 14 antibiotics.In conclusion,this study isolated and identified a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila from a dead South China tiger with multiple drug resistance and strong pathogenicity,which provided an important reference for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in South China tiger.