Objective To predict the potential geographic distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in Yunnan Province using random forest (RF) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models, so as to provide insights into O. hupensis surveillance and control in Yunnan Province. Methods The O. hupensis snail survey data in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2016 were collected and converted into O. hupensis snail distribution site data. Data of 22 environmental variables in Yunnan Province were collected, including twelve climate variables (annual potential evapotranspiration, annual mean ground surface temperature, annual precipitation, annual mean air pressure, annual mean relative humidity, annual sunshine duration, annual mean air temperature, annual mean wind speed, ≥ 0 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 ℃ annual accumulated temperature, aridity and index of moisture), eight geographical variables (normalized difference vegetation index, landform type, land use type, altitude, soil type, soil textureclay content, soil texture-sand content and soil texture-silt content) and two population and economic variables (gross domestic product and population). Variables were screened with Pearson correlation test and variance inflation factor (VIF) test. The RF and MaxEnt models and the ensemble model were created using the biomod2 package of the software R 4.2.1, and the potential distribution of O. hupensis snails after 2016 was predicted in Yunnan Province. The predictive effects of models were evaluated through cross-validation and independent tests, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), true skill statistics (TSS) and Kappa statistics were used for model evaluation. In addition, the importance of environmental variables was analyzed, the contribution of environmental variables output by the models with AUC values of > 0.950 and TSS values of > 0.850 were selected for normalization processing, and the importance percentage of environmental variables was obtained to analyze the importance of environmental variables. Results Data of 148 O. hupensis snail distribution sites and 15 environmental variables were included in training sets of RF and MaxEnt models, and both RF and MaxEnt models had high predictive performance, with both mean AUC values of > 0.900 and all mean TSS values and Kappa values of > 0.800, and significant differences in the AUC (t = 19.862, P < 0.05), TSS (t = 10.140, P < 0.05) and Kappa values (t = 10.237, P < 0.05) between two models. The AUC, TSS and Kappa values of the ensemble model were 0.996, 0.954 and 0.920, respectively. Independent data verification showed that the AUC, TSS and Kappa values of the RF model and the ensemble model were all 1, which still showed high performance in unknown data modeling, and the MaxEnt model showed poor performance, with TSS and Kappa values of 0 for 24%(24/100) of the modeling results. The modeling results of 79 RF models, 38 MaxEnt models and their ensemble models with AUC values of > 0.950 and TSS values of > 0.850 were included in the evaluation of importance of environmental variables. The importance of annual sunshine duration (SSD) was 32.989%, 37.847% and 46.315% in the RF model, the MaxEnt model and their ensemble model, while the importance of annual mean relative humidity (RHU) was 30.947%, 15.921% and 28.121%, respectively. Important environment variables were concentrated in modeling results of the RF model, dispersed in modeling results of the MaxEnt model, and most concentrated in modeling results of the ensemble model. The potential distribution of O. hupensis snails after 2016 was predicted to be relatively concentrated in Yunnan Province by the RF model and relatively large by the MaxEnt model, and the distribution of O. hupensis snails predicted by the ensemble model was mostly the joint distribution of O. hupensis snails predicted by RF and MaxEnt models. Conclusions Both RF and MaxEnt models are effective to predict the potential distribution of O. hupensis snails in Yunnan Province, which facilitates targeted O. hupensis snail control.

Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect of dobutamine on proliferation of FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells and explore the feasibility of dobutamine as a monotherapy or in combination with quizartinib for the treatment of this type of AML.Methods:FLT3-ITD mutant cell lines MOLM13 and MV4-11 were cultured in vitro and divided into control group,dobutamine treatment group,quizartinib treatment group,and dobutamine combined with quizartinib treatment group.Cell viability,ROS levels,and apoptosis rate were detected by CCK-8,Flow cytometry,respectively,as well as the expression of YAP1 protein by Western blot.Results:Both dobutamine and quizartinib inhibited the proliferation of FLT3-ITD mutant AML cell lines.Compared with the control group,the dobutamine group exhibited a significant increase in ROS levels(P＜0.01),an increase in apoptosis rates(P＜0.05),and a decrease in YAP1 protein expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the dobutamine group,the combination of quizartinib and dobutamine significantly reduced cell viability(P＜0.05),increased ROS levels(P＜0.01),and decreased YAP1 expression(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Dobutamine as a monotherapy can inhibit the proliferation of FLT3-ITD mutated AML cells,inducing apoptosis.Additionally,the combination of quizartinib enhances the targeted inhibitory effect on FLT3-ITD mutated AML.The mechanism may involve the inhibition of YAP1 protein expression in AML cells of this type,leading to an increase in ROS levels and exerting its anti-tumor effects.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of self-made Rheumatoid No.2 Formula(derived from Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction with Spatholobi Caulis,Tinosporae sinensis Caulis,Guangdong Piperis Kadsurae Caulis,Chaenomelis Fructus,etc.added)combined with Barrettinib and Methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)of cold-damp obstruction type.Methods Sixty patients with RA of cold-damp obstruction type were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Baritinib and Methotrexate orally,and the observation group was treated with self-made Rheumatoid No.2 Formula orally on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment covered 8 weeks.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),serum C-reactive protein(CRP),rheumatoid factor(RF),anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(anti-CCP)and other related laboratory indicators in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33％(28/30),and that of the control group was 70.00％(21/30).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the VAS scores of pain in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the levels of related laboratory indicators of ESR and serum CRP,RF and anti-CCP in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The self-made Rheumatoid No.2 Formula combined with Baritinib and Methotrexate exerts certain effect for the treatment of RA of cold-damp obstruction type,which can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and signs of patients and improve the relevant laboratory indexes of patients.Its curative effect is superior to that of western medicine of Baritinib and Methotrexate.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)in rapid detection of carbapenemase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods A total of 60 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 80 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Pizhou People's Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2022 to October 2023 were collected,including 30 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),30 strains of carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae(CSKP),50 strains of carbapenem-resistant Pseudo-monas aeruginosa(CRPA)and 30 strains of carbapenem-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CSPA).Three detection methods were applied,i.e.,modified carbapenem inactivation method(mCIM),colloidal gold immunochromatography and Autof MS 1000 mass spectrometry identification system to evaluate the ability of Autof MS 1000 mass spectrometry identification system in detecting carbape-nase production of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results The results of Autof MS 1000 mass spectrometry iden-tification system were consistent with those of both mCIM and colloidal gold immunochromatography.Carbapenemase was detected in 28 of the 30 CRKP strains,and it was negative in 2 CRKP strains.Carbapenamase was detected in 15 of the 50 CRPA strains and it was negative in 35 CRPA strains.Thirty strains of CSKP and 30 strains of CSPA were all Carbapenemase negative.The coincidence rate of the results of the three methods in the detection for carbapenase was 100％.Conclusion The result of Autof MS 1000 mass spectrome-try identification system has been consistent with those of mCIM and colloidal gold immunochromatography.It not only has the charac-teristics of cost-saving compare with of mCIM method,but also hold the advantages of fast speed and high accuracy of colloidal gold im-munochromatography method.Thus,Autof MS 1000 system can be used for the rapid identification of carbapenemase produced by Kleb-siella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective To compare the effects of 20 mg qd and 10 mg bidadministration of iprrazole enteric-coated tablets on the control of gastric acid in healthy subjects.Methods A randomized,single-center,parallel controlled trial was designed to include 8 healthy subjects.Randomly divided into 2 groups,20 mg qd administration group:20 mg enteric-coated tablets of iprrazole in the morning;10 mg bid administration group:10 mg enteric-coated tablets of iprrazole in the morning and 10 mg in the evening.The pH values in the stomach of the subjects before and 24 h after administration were monitored by pH meter.The plasma concentration of iprazole after administration was determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin(V8.0)software.Results The PK parameters of iprrazole enteric-coated tablets and reference preparations in fasting group were as follows:The Cmax of 20 mg qd group and 10 mg bid group were(595.75±131.15)and(283.50±96.98)ng·mL-1;AUC0-t were(5 531.94±784.35)and(4 686.67±898.23)h·ng·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were(6 003.19±538.59)and(7 361.48±1 816.77)h·ng·mL-1,respectively.The mean time percentage of gastric pH＞3 after 20 mg qd and 10 mg bid were 82.64％and 61.92％,and the median gastric pH within 24 h were 6.25±1.49 and 3.53±2.05,respectively.The mean gastric pH values within 24 h were 5.71±1.36 and 4.23±1.45,respectively.The correlation analysis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics showed that there was no significant correlation between the peak concentration of drug in plasma and the inhibitory effect of acid.Conclusion Compared with the 20 mg qd group and the 10 mg bid group,the acid inhibition effect is better,the administration times are less,and the safety of the two administration regimes is good.

Cobalt/toxicity* ; Computational Biology ; Kidney/drug effects* ; Kidney Diseases/genetics* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level (microbiome and metabolome). METHODS: We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period. RESULTS: Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome，featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated. CONCLUSION Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.
Rats ; Animals ; Arsenic/toxicity* ; Fluorides ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Metabolome ; Microbiota

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3-5 years and breastfeeding status and duration. METHODS: The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: In total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7-15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3-5 years. CONCLUSION No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
Infant ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Adolescent ; Breast Feeding ; Prospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Body Mass Index ; Body Composition