Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (K trans , kep, and v e) and DWI (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Multivariable binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of significant individual quantitative parameters and combined parameters in distinguishing TDs from MLNs. Results: All morphological features, including size, shape, border, and signal intensity, as well as all DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between TDs and MLNs (all P < 0.05). However, ADC values did not demonstrate significant differences (all P > 0.05). Among the single quantitative parameters, v e had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.772 for distinguishing TDs from MLNs. A multivariable logistic regression model incorporating short axis, border, v e, and ADC mean improved diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.833 (P = 0.027). Conclusion The combination of morphological features, DCE-MRI parameters, and ADC values can effectively aid in the preoperative differentiation of TDs from MLNs in rectal cancer.

Sleep deprivation (SD) has emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with mounting evidence demonstrating its multifaceted role in accelerating AD pathogenesis through diverse molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms. SD is refined within the broader spectrum of sleep-wake and circadian disruption, emphasizing that both acute total sleep loss and chronic sleep restriction destabilize the homeostatic and circadian processes governing glymphatic clearance of neurotoxic proteins. During normal sleep, concentrations of interstitial Aβ and tau fall as cerebrospinal fluid oscillations flush extracellular waste; SD abolishes this rhythm, causing overnight rises in soluble Aβ and tau species in rodent hippocampus and human CSF. Orexinergic neurons sustain arousal, and become hyperactive under SD, further delaying sleep onset and amplifying Aβ production. At the molecular level, SD disrupts Aβ homeostasis through multiple converging pathways, including enhanced production via beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) upregulation, coupled with impaired clearance mechanisms involving the glymphatic system dysfunction and reduced Aβ-degrading enzymes (neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme). Cellular and histological analyses revealed that these proteinopathies are significantly exacerbated by SD-induced neuroinflammatory cascades characterized by microglial overactivation, astrocyte reactivity, and sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) through NF‑κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of neurotoxicity. The synaptic and neuronal consequences of chronic SD are particularly profound and potentially irreversible, featuring reduced expression of critical synaptic markers (PSD95, synaptophysin), impaired long-term potentiation (LTP), dendritic spine loss, and diminished neurotrophic support, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) depletion, which collectively contribute to progressive cognitive decline and memory deficits. Mechanistic investigations identify three core pathways through which SD exerts its neurodegenerative effects: circadian rhythm disruption via BMAL1 suppression, orexin system hyperactivity leading to sustained wakefulness and metabolic stress, and oxidative stress accumulation through mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species overproduction. The review critically evaluates promising therapeutic interventions including pharmacological approaches (melatonin, dual orexin receptor antagonists), metabolic strategies (ketogenic diets, and Mediterranean diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids), lifestyle modifications (targeted exercise regimens, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia), and emerging technologies (non-invasive photobiomodulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation). Current research limitations include insufficient understanding of dose-response relationships between SD duration/intensity and AD pathology progression, lack of long-term longitudinal clinical data in genetically vulnerable populations (particularly APOE ε4 carriers and those with familial AD mutations), the absence of standardized SD protocols across experimental models that accurately mimic human chronic sleep restriction patterns, and limited investigation of sex differences in SD-induced AD risk. The accumulated evidence underscores the importance of addressing sleep disturbances as part of multimodal AD prevention strategies and highlights the urgent need for clinical trials evaluating sleep-focused interventions in at-risk populations. The review proposes future directions focused on translating mechanistic insights into precision medicine approaches, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to identify SD-vulnerable individuals, chronotherapeutic strategies aligned with circadian biology, and multi-omics integration across sleep, proteostasis and immune profiles may delineate precision-medicine strategies for at-risk populations. By systematically examining these critical connections, this analysis positions sleep quality optimization as a viable strategy for AD prevention and early intervention while providing a comprehensive roadmap for future mechanistic and interventional research in this rapidly evolving field.

The differences in chemical quality characteristics between Xinjiang Rehmannia glutinosa and R. glutinosa were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and quality control of R. glutinosa. In this study, the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints of 6 batches of Xinjiang R. glutinosa and 10 batches of R. glutinosa samples were established. The content of iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection(HPLC-DAD), high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection(HPLC-ELSD), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis). The determination results were analyzed with by chemical pattern recognition and entropy weight TOPSIS method. The results showed that there were 19 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of the 16 batches of R. glutinosa, and catalpol, aucubin, rehmannioside D, rehmannioside A, hydroxytyrosol, leonuride, salidroside, cistanoside A, and verbascoside were identified. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) showed that Qinyang R. glutinosa, Mengzhou R. glutinosa, and Xinjiang R. glutinosa were grouped into three different categories, and eight common components causing the chemical quality difference between Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa in Mengzhou and Qinyang of Henan province were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The results of content determination showed that there were glucose, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, polysaccharides, and nine glycosides in Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa samples, and the content of catalpol, rehmannioside A, leonuride, cistanoside A, verbascoside, sucrose, and glucose was significantly different between Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa. The analysis with entropy weight TOPSIS method showed that the comprehensive quality of R. glutinosa in Mengzhou and Qinyang of Henan province was better than that of Xinjiang R. glutinosa. In conclusion, the types of main chemical components of R. glutinosa and Xinjiang R. glutinosa were the same, but their content was different. The chemical quality of R. glutinosa was better than Xinjiang R. glutinosa, and other components in R. glutinosa from two producing areas and their effects need further study.
Rehmannia/classification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate the effects of advanced maternal age(AMA)on synaptic pruning of the hippocampus of offspring rats.Methods Offspring of 3-month-old SD female rats and 3-month-old SD male rats were designated as the appropriate age group(Ctl group),while offspring of 12-month-old SD female rats and 3-month-old SD male rats were assigned to AMA group.Hippocampal tissues from both groups(n=3 per group at each time point)were subjected to Golgi staining on postnatal days(P)7,28,and 60.Dendritic complexity,spine density(DS),and morphology of immature brain neurons at different age stages were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with Ctl group,the dendritic length of AMA group on P7,P28,and P60 was significantly shortened,and the average number of intersections between dendrites and concentric circles on P28 and P60 was also significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with Ctl group,the dendritic spine density of AMA group was significantly decreased on P7,P28,and P60.Notably,the density of thin-shaped dendritic spines in AMA group was increased on P7,whereas the densities of stubby-shaped and mushroom-shaped dendritic spines were decreased(P<0.05).On P28 in AMA group,the densities of thin-shaped and mushroom-shaped dendritic spines were significantly increased compared with Ctl group,while the density of stubby-shaped dendritic spines was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The densities of stubby-shaped and mushroom-shaped dendritic spine were markedly lower in AMA group on P60 than those in Ctl group(P<0.05).Conclusions During postnatal brain development periods,there were abnormalities in synaptic pruning in the hippocampal region of the offspring of the AMA,which manifested as reduced dendritic complexity,decreased dendritic spine density,and disorganized dendritic spine morphology.It could be one of the key mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction in the offspring of AMA.

Objective To investigate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of typhaneoside(TYP)on lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments.Methods TYP-lung adenocarcinoma-related genes were obtained from the prediction target website SwissTargetPrediction,The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,GeneCards database,and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses were performed on the obtained TYP-lung adenocarcinoma-related genes.Protein-protein network interactions analysis was carried out using the String database,and molecular docking was conducted with the Vina software.These network pharmacological analysis methods were employed to explore the theoretical action pathways of TYP on lung adenocarcinoma.PC9 cells were divided into control group(normal culture),low-TYP group(treated with 50 μmol/L TYP for 48 h),high-TYP group(treated with 100 μmol/L TYP for 48 h),and ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)+TYP group(treated with 1 μmol/L Fer-1+100 μmol/L TYP for 48 h).The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay,the cell proliferation ability was detected by the EdU assay,and the cell migration and invasion ability was detected by scratch assay,Transwell migration assay and Transwell invasion assay.The occurrence of ferroptosis was detected by reduced glutathione(GSH)assay kit,reactive oxygen species(ROS)assay kit,mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit,ferrous ion fluorescent probe,and transmission electron microscopy.Protein and mRNA expression levels of ferroptosis-related key molecules,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),were measured by Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).PC9 cells were transfected with SLC7A11 overexpression plasmid and divided into vector group(transfected with empty plasmid),vector+TYP group(transfected with empty plasmid and treated with 100 μmol/L TYP for 48 h),OE-SLC7A11 group(transfected with SLC7A11 overexpression plasmid)and OE-SLC7A11+TYP group(transfected with SLC7A11 overexpression plasmid and treated with 100 μmol/L TYP for 48 h).The molecular mechanism of SLC7A11 in the effect of TYP on PC9 was verified by CCK-8 assay,ferrous ion fluorescence probe,and protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4.Results A total of 73 TYP-lung adenocarcinoma-related target genes were predicted.GO analysis showed that the target genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as positive regulation of kinase activity,and were enriched in cellular components like transferase complex(transferring phosphorus-containing groups),revealing molecular functions such as transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.KEGG analysis identified 124 related pathways,mainly including epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway.Protein-protein interaction network analysis obtained 7 core targets such as serine/threonine kinase 1(Akt1).Molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of TYP with core target genes and the ferroptosis-related proteins(SLC7A11 and GPX4)were all≤-5.0 kcal/mol,indicating significant binding activity.CCK-8 assay showed that TYP significantly inhibited PC9 cell viability(P<0.05).EdU assay demonstrated that the proportion of proliferating cells in TYP group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Scratch assay,Transwell migration assay,and invasion assay revealed that,compared with control group,the migration and invasion abilities of PC9 cells in TYP group significantly decreased(P<0.05),and GSH content and mitochondrial membrane potential in TYP group also significantly decreased(P<0.05),while ROS and Fe2+contents increased significantly(P<0.01),and protein and mRNA expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 decreased significantly(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscopy results showed that cells in TYP group exhibited specific ferroptosis-related changes such as reduced mitochondrial cristae and increased membrane density,compared with control group.Compared with vector+TYP group,OE-SLC7A11+TYP group had higher cell viability(P<0.05),lower Fe2+content(P<0.05),and higher protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4(P<0.05).Conclusion TYP may induce ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibit their malignant behaviors such as proliferation,migration and invasion by regulating the SLC7A11-GPX4 axis.

Sepsis, whose morbidity and mortality remain high in children, is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection.With the global outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019, viral sepsis, especially respiratory viral sepsis, has attracted much attention.Early diagnosis and timely intervention are of great benefit to improve the prognosis of patients.This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory viral sepsis in children to provide clinical reference.