AIM:To analyze the effect of conbercept treatment on different types of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME)using optical coherence tomography(OCT)images.METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who first received conbercept injections for RVO-ME at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from December 1, 2017, to March 31, 2022. Data on disease duration, age, hypertension, OCT images, central macular thickness(CMT), and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were collected before and at 4-6 wk after treatment. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to different types of macular edema: cystoid macular edema(CME), sponge-like diffuse retinal thickening(SDRT), serous retinal detachment(SRD), and mixed type(FULL). Changes in CMT and visual acuity before and after treatment were compared among the groups to analyze differences in the effect of conbercept treatment on different ME types, and the effect of baseline CMT and visual acuity on post-treatment visual acuity.RESULTS: Totally 139 patients(139 eyes)were classified as having macular edema, including 62 males(44.6%)and 77 females(55.4%), with a mean age of 58.9±10.9 years, and they were divided into 4 groups based on different types of macular edema, including 54 cases(54 eyes)(mean age 59.6±11.1 years)in the CME group, 23 cases(23 eyes; mean age 56.6±10.2 years)in the SDRT group, 22 cases(22 eyes; mean age 57.8±12.0 years)in the SDR group, and 40 cases(40 eyes; mean age 60.0±10.7 years)in the FULL group. There were no significant differences in the duration of disease or age between groups(P>0.05). There was a significant difference in preoperative CMT between groups(P=0.01, one-way ANOVA), with the CMT in the FULL group being significantly greater than that in the SDRT group(P=0.03). There were no significant differences in pre-treatment visual acuity between the four groups(P=0.26). After conbercept treatment, the macular central recess thickness was reduced and visual acuity was improved in all four groups, among which the CMT in the CME and FULL groups was reduced significantly compared with the other two groups(P<0.05), and the visual acuity in the CME and SRD groups was improved significantly compared with the other two groups(P<0.05). Postoperative visual acuity was negatively correlated with preoperative CMT(P=0.044)and positively correlated with preoperative visual acuity(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The efficacy of intravitreal conbercept in the treatment of RVO and macular edema may be related to the type of edema observed on OCT images, in which the efficacy is best in patients with CME but poor in patients with SDRT.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of intestinal flora of personnel stationed on an island,so as to lay the foundation for maintaining the intestinal microecological balance of personnel stationed on island and provide accurate medical security.Methods Several subjects stationed on an island and several subjects from coastal areas were enrolled by random and sampling method,and their fecal samples were sequenced by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Diversity and composition of gut microbiota in 2 cohorts of personnel were compared.Results Alpha diversity analysis of intestinal flora showed that the abundance of intestinal flora in subjects stationed on the island was significantly higher than that of subjects from coastal areas.Beta diversity analysis indicated significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbial communities between the subjects stationed on the island and those from coastal areas(P=0.001).The abundance of the Bacteroidota in the intestinal tract of subjects stationed on the island was significantly lower than that of subjects from coastal areas(30.8%vs 48.3%,P＜0.001),while the abundance of the Proteobacteria was significantly higher than that of subjects from coastal areas(28.3%vs 10.2%,P＜0.001).After multiple hypothesis testing correction,it was found that the abundance of the Bacteroides,Roseburia,Alistipes,and Parabacteroides in the intestines of subjects stationed on the island decreased significantly,while the abundance of the Prevotella,Escherichia-Shigella,Citrobacter,and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes increased significantly.Conclusion The special environment of islands affects the characteristics of intestinal flora of personnel,and the intestinal microecological health needs precise maintenance.

Objective To explore whether the biopsy rate and the positive rate of biopsy during colonoscopy can serve as effective indicators for evaluating the diagnostic proficiency of endoscopists.Methods Total fifteen endoscopists from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University,Guiqian International General Hospital and No.958 Hospital of PLA Army were enrolled and served as the study subjects.According to their years of experience,gender and working hours,they were divided into a senior group(n=8)and a junior group(n=7),a male group(n=9)and a female group(n=6),and a morning period(08:00-12:00)and an afternoon period(13:00-18:00).The data of all patients examined by the aforementioned endoscopists between January 2023 and December 2023 were collected,including the basic demographics,colonoscopic results,biopsy outcomes and pathological diagnoses of the patients.ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the biopsy rate and positive rate of biopsy existed among the endoscopists of different years of experience,gender and working at different periods(morning and afternoon).Additionally,multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with positive rates of biopsy.Results The senior group had significantly lower biopsy rate[(5.73±0.81)%vs(6.89±0.97)%],but obviously higher positive rate of biopsy[(53.52±3.87)%vs(33.70±7.85)%]than the junior group(both P<0.01).The biopsy rate was notably higher during the morning working time period than the afternoon working time period in all the endoscopits[(6.76±1.11)%vs(5.53±1.57)%,P<0.05].Logistic regression analysis showed that the years of experience[(53.52±3.87)%vs(33.70±7.85)%,OR=92.187,95%CI:3.118～2 725.366,P<0.01)and working time[(48.35±10.50)%vs(37.80±10.65)%,OR=20.885,95%CI:1.266～344.602,P<0.05)were influencing factors for positive rate of biopsy.Conclusion The biopsy rate is low and positive rate of biopsy is high among the senior experienced endoscopists,while,opposite results are seen in the junior experienced clinicians,indicating correlation of biopsy rate and positive rate of biopsy with diagnostic proficiency of endoscopists.

In this work,four salicylhydrazone compounds(L1?L4)were designed and synthesized by using vanillin derivatives as raw material.The structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).The optical experiments showed that probe L1 and probe L3 could be used as aluminium ion(Al3+)fluorescence probes.The fluorescence color of probe L1 solution changed from colorless to blue after adding Al3+,and the limit of detection was 25.1 nmol/L.Compared with probe L1,the fluorescence color of probe L3 solution changed from colorless to green after complexing with Al3+,and the limit of detection was 17.3 nmol/L.Probe L1 and probe L3 showed the advantages of fast response speed,high selectivity and good anti-interference.The mechanism of Al3+recognition was further demonstrated by HRMS and 1H NMR.Cell imaging experiments showed that probe L1 and L3 had low cytotoxicity and had great application potential in detection of Al3+in vivo.

Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella pose significant threats to worldwide public health safety.In this study,a rapid method for screening viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk was developed by utilizing an electronic microbial growth analyzer(EMGA).Target food samples were diluted 10-fold with RVS broth and loaded into test tubes.Test tubes were positioned in the EMGA to determine the bacterial growth curves and the time required to reach the maximum growth rate(Tmgr).Using Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)asan model species,there was linear relationship between the logarithmic value of viable bacterial concentration(lgC)and Tmgr over the range of 5×101-5×106 CFU/mL,with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL.For oyster sauce,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-80.775lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+754.96(R2=0.9907),and the recovery rates of S.typhimurium ranged from 95.2%to 119.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSD)ranging from 3.5%to 16.3%.For milk,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-71.922 lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+618.65(R2=0.9985),with recovery rates ranging from 98.4%to 110.6%and RSD ranging from 6.4%to 12.8%.The EMGA method required only one portable instrument,and involving only three manual steps,i.e.,dilution,transfer,and insertion.When S.typhimurium contamination reached 106 CFU/mL,the total time consumption,from the unwrapping of samples to the readout of bacterial concentration,was no more than 7 h.When applied to detection of actual oyster sauce and milk samples,the new method demonstrated strong consistency with plate counting results in positive detection rates.This method was superior to the plate counting method,which was generally considered as a gold standard,in terms of accuracy,precision,simplicity and efficiency,representing a promising alternative for the on-site screening and quantification of viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk products.

Objective To analyze the publication condition and development trends of global post-stroke fatigue(PSF)research from 2004 to 2024.Methods Relevant literature on PSF pub-lished between January 1,2004,and August 1,2024,were systematically searched and screened from WoSCC database.Visual analysis of publication volume,contributing countries,institutions,authors,and keywords in PSF research was conducted using CiteSpace software.Results A total of 373 articles were included in this study.The overall publication volume related to PSF exhibited an upward trend.The country,institution,and author with the highest number of publications were the United Kingdom,the University of Oslo,and LERDAL A,respectively.High-frequency keywords in-cluded quality of life,depression,fatigue severity scale,follow up,epidemiology,symptoms,associ-ations,and rehabilitation,while the emerging keywords were health care professionals,risk factors,and participation.Conclusion PSF-related research has demonstrated an overall upward trend.As-sessment and measurement protocols,rehabilitation treatment approaches,impacts on quality of life,and the intrinsic relationship with depression have emerged as research hotspots.Further exploration of precise and systematic assessment methods,along with the construction of scientific rehabilitation management programs and risk prediction models,will become the focal points of future research.

Objective To find out whether photobiomodulation(PBM)can mitigate cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic stress by affecting levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and adenosine receptors.Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group,a stress group,and a treatment group.Chronic unpredictable mild stress was used to establish a mouse model of stress.Six weeks into modeling,the treatment group was subjected to one week of PBM interventions.Behavioral tests were conducted to observe behavioral changes in the mice.Western blotting(WB)was used to detect the expressions of A1,A2B,and A3 adenosine receptors in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice in the three groups.Twelve C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group.The intervention group received a week of PBM interventions and underwent behavioral testing.WB was used to detect the expression changes of A1,A2B,and A3 adenosine receptors in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in both groups.Immunofluorescence assay was adopted to detect the expression of c-Fos in the hippocampus of mice in the two groups.The ATP assay kit made by Beyotime Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.was used to measure changes in ATP contents in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissues of mice.Cell experiments were conducted to verify the effect of PBM on intracellular ATP contents.Results Mice in the stress group covered a similar distance to the control group,but finished far fewer platform crossings.There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in the number of times of platform crossings,but compared favorably with the stress group where the levels of adenosine receptors in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were lower,but were increased by PBM.After PBM interventions in normal mice,platform crossings were increased significantly compared to the control group.PBM also raised adenosine receptor levels and ATP contents in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,and increased hippocampal c-Fos expressions.In vitro,PBM elevated intracellular ATP levels.Conclusion PBM may improve chronic stress-induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating ATP levels and adenosine receptor expressions,thereby modulating neuronal responsiveness in the hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: Paridis Rhizoma (Chonglou in Chinese), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been shown have strong anti-tumor effects. Paris saponin VII (PSVII), an active constituent isolated from Paridis Rhizoma, was demonstrated to significantly suppress the proliferation of BxPC-3 cells in our previous study. Here, we aimed to elucidate the anti-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) effect of PSVII and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Cell viability was determined by CCK-8, colony formation, and cell migration assays. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidine iodide (Annexin V/PI) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Pyroptosis was evaluated by morphological features, Hoechst 33342/PI staining assay, and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). JC-1 fluorescent dye was employed to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to determine the levels of proteins or mRNAs. The effect in vivo was assessed by a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS: PSVII inhibited the viability of PDAC cells (BxPC-3, PANC-1, and Capan-2 cells) and induced gasdermin E (GSDME) cleavage, as well as the simultaneous cleavage of Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP). Knockdown of GSDME shifted PSVII-induced pyroptosis to apoptosis. Additionally, the effect of PSVII was significantly attenuated by Z-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Z-DEVD-FMK), on the induction of GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. PSVII also elevated intracellular ROS accumulation and stimulated Bax and Caspase-3/GSDME to conduct pyroptosis in PDAC cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) suppressed the release of LDH and inhibited Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and GSDME cleavage in PDAC cells, ultimately reversing PSVII-induced pyroptosis. Furthermore, in a xenograft tumor model, PSVII markedly suppressed the growth of PDAC tumors and induced pyroptosis. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PSVII exerts therapeutic effects through Caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis and may constitute a novel strategy for preventing chemotherapeutic resistance in patients with PDAC in the future.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of pediatric medicines with priority review and approval for marketing in China， providing a reference for promoting enterprise R&D and production， as well as improving the supply guarantee mechanism for pediatric medicines. METHODS Based on publicly available data sources such as List of Approved Information for Pediatric Medications Subject to Priority Review and Approval， Pharnexcloud biomedical database， and National Medical Insurance Drug Directory， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the main characteristics of pediatric medicines with priority review and approval for marketing. RESULTS As of June 30， 2024， a total of 68 pediatric medicines had been approved through the priority review and approval process， covering 12 therapeutic areas， with oral dosage forms accounting for 64.71%. The median time from application to inclusion in priority review was 35.50 days， with an average of 41.69 days. The median time from inclusion in priority review to market approval was 1.24 years， with an average of 1.42 years. This included 12 domestic new medicines， 21 domestic generic medicines， 35 imported medicines， as well as 29 pediatric-specific medicines and 21 orphan medicines. Additionally， 31 of these medicines had been included in the medical insurance catalog， representing a proportion of 45.59%. CONCLUSIONS Currently， a trend of differentiated competition is emerging between domestic and imported pediatric medicines. The therapeutic areas for pediatric medicines are continuously expanding， and the dosage forms are becoming more tailored to children’s needs. However， there are still issues such as slow progress in new medicine development， insufficient stability in the medicine review and approval process， and a need to increase the proportion of medicines included in medical insurance.