Based on the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model, this study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of Arisaema Cum Bile and explore its mechanisms, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application. Biochemical analysis was used to detect serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides(TG), and total cholesterol(TC) to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Arisaema Cum Bile. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques were employed to jointly elucidate the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Arisaema Cum Bile. The experimental results showed that high-dose Arisaema Cum Bile(PBA-H) significantly reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels(P<0.01), and significantly increased HDL-C levels(P<0.01). The effect was similar to that of fenofibrate, with no significant difference. Furthermore, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly alleviated hepatocyte ballooning and mitigated fatty degeneration in liver tissues. As indicated by 16S rDNA sequencing results, PBA-H significantly enhanced both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the model rats, notably increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum species(P<0.01). Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that PBA-H primarily regulated pathways involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, vitamin B_6 metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. In summary, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly improved abnormal blood lipid levels and liver pathology induced by a high-fat diet, regulated hepatic metabolic disorders, and improved the abundance and structural composition of gut microbiota, thereby exerting its lipid-lowering effect. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Arisaema Cum Bile and the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Hyperlipidemias/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Humans ; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism* ; Triglycerides/metabolism* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels. METHODS: The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT). RESULTS: The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.
Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Attention/physiology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult ; Psychometrics

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill (STDP) in treating stable angina patients with phlegm-heat and blood-stasis syndrome by exercise duration and metabolic equivalents. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled stable angina patients with phlegm-heat and blood-stasis syndrome from 22 hospitals. They were randomized 1:1 to STDP (35 mg/pill, 6 pills per day) or placebo for 56 days. The primary outcome was the exercise duration and metabolic equivalents (METs) assessed by the standard Bruce exercise treadmill test after 56 days of treatment. The secondary outcomes included the total angina symptom score, Chinese medicine (CM) symptom scores, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores, changes in ST-T on electrocardiogram and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: This trial enrolled 309 patients, including 155 and 154 in the STDP and placebo groups, respectively. STDP significantly prolonged exercise duration with an increase of 51.0 s, compared to a decrease of 12.0 s with placebo (change rate: -11.1% vs. 3.2%, P<0.01). The increase in METs was significantly greater in the STDP group than in the placebo group (change: -0.4 vs. 0.0, change rate: -5.0% vs. 0.0%, P<0.01). The improvement of total angina symptom scores (25.0% vs. 0.0%), CM symptom scores (38.7% vs. 11.8%), reduction of nitroglycerin consumption (100.0% vs. 11.3%), and all domains of SAQ, were significantly greater with STDP than placebo (all P<0.01). The changes in Q-T intervals at 28 and 56 days from baseline were similar between the two groups (both P>0.05). Twenty-five participants (16.3%) with STDP and 16 (10.5%) with placebo experienced AEs (P=0.131), with no serious AEs observed. CONCLUSION STDP could improve exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina and phlegm-heat and blood stasis syndrome, with a favorable safety profile. (Registration No. ChiCTR-IPR-15006020).
Humans ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Angina, Stable/physiopathology* ; Aged ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; Placebos ; Tablets

Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.

Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is a prevalent clinical degenerative disease that currently can only be treated through conservative and surgical treatments,which only alleviate symptoms and are not significantly effective.In recent years,nanoparticles have been widely studied in the biomedical field due to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,extended body circulation,sustained and controlled release,and precise drug targeting.Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have the potential to deliver a range of therapeutic agents including proteins,drugs,genes,and cells,thereby promoting tissue and cell repair and regeneration,which offers hope for IDD treatment.However,there are still challenges in translating experimental data into practical therapies applicable to humans.This review summarizes recent research progress on drug delivery systems for IDD treatment based on nanoparticles and provides insights and prospects for the challenges faced by nanoparticles,aiming to provide a reference for the clinical translation of nanoparticle-based treatment for IDD.

Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.

ObjectiveTo reveal the correlation of Rehmannia glutinosa-soil feedback process with the formation of its continuous cropping obstacles through the identification of the root exudates of R. glutinosa and analysis of the specific rhizomicrobes recruited by the root exudate. MethodThe root exudates of R. glutinosa seedlings germinated under sterilized condition and those enriched in the rhizosphere of R. glutinosa cultivated in the field were collected and analyzed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. The highly abundant compounds identified in the root exudates were added into blank soil， and the soil microbial community was profiled using Illumina Miseq sequencing. The bacterial and fungal functions were predicted by PICRUSt and FUNGuild， respectively. ResultThe identification results showed that seven phenylethanoid glycosides were found in R. glutinosa root exudates， and acteoside possessed the highest abundance. In the soil enriched with acteoside， the bacterial genera such as Agromyces， Pseudomonas， Lysobacter， Sphingobium， Pseudoxanthomonas and Sphingomonas were enriched. For the fungi， the genera Neocosmospora， Plectosphaerella and Dactylonectria， and the species such as Neocosmospora rubicola， Plectosphaerella cucumerina， Dactylonectria alcacerensis and Fusarium solani showed higher abundance. The functional analysis indicated the above-mentioned bacterial genera may realize rapid proliferation by utilizing， biodegrading and transforming phenylethanoid glycosides， and some potential fungal pathogens were colonized. ConclusionThe R. glutinsoa-soil feedbacks were likely generated by the phenylethanoid glycosides in the root exudates together with the specific rhizomicrobes. The investigations of R. glutinsoa-soil feedbacks under continuous cropping system are critical to the further understanding of the underlying mechanisms related to its continuous cropping obstacles.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of self-made Rheumatoid No.2 Formula(derived from Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction with Spatholobi Caulis,Tinosporae sinensis Caulis,Guangdong Piperis Kadsurae Caulis,Chaenomelis Fructus,etc.added)combined with Barrettinib and Methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)of cold-damp obstruction type.Methods Sixty patients with RA of cold-damp obstruction type were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Baritinib and Methotrexate orally,and the observation group was treated with self-made Rheumatoid No.2 Formula orally on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment covered 8 weeks.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),serum C-reactive protein(CRP),rheumatoid factor(RF),anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(anti-CCP)and other related laboratory indicators in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33％(28/30),and that of the control group was 70.00％(21/30).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the VAS scores of pain in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the levels of related laboratory indicators of ESR and serum CRP,RF and anti-CCP in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The self-made Rheumatoid No.2 Formula combined with Baritinib and Methotrexate exerts certain effect for the treatment of RA of cold-damp obstruction type,which can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and signs of patients and improve the relevant laboratory indexes of patients.Its curative effect is superior to that of western medicine of Baritinib and Methotrexate.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Objective To explore the effect of barretinib on mice with acute lung injury(ALI)by regulating the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway.Methods The male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group and experimental-L,-M-H groups.Except for the control group,the other four groups were constructed ALI models by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide.The control and model groups were given equal volume 0.9％NaCl by gavage.The experimental-H,-M,-L groups were administered with 1.00,0.50 and 0.25 mg·mL-1 barretinib solution 200 μL by gavage.Five groups were treated for 48 hours with once every 12 hours.The levels of inflammatory cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of Occludin,JAK2 and STAT3 in mouse lung tissue were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for experimental-M,-H groups,model group and control group were(228.48±25.41),(198.53±23.11),(317.32±32.85)and(48.93±2.59)ng·L-1;the levels of interleukin-6 were(118.81±14.85),(98.58±13.82),(172.23±25.94)and(49.47±3.06)ng·L-1;the relative expression levels of Occludin were 0.48±0.13,0.49±0.11,0.28±0.09 and 0.69±0.21;the phospho-JAK2/JAK2 ratios were 0.51±0.13,0.32±0.09,0.75±0.21 and 0.16±0.05;the phospho-STAT3/STAT3 ratios were 0.43±0.11,0.27±0.08,0.78±0.21 and 0.17±0.05,respectively.The differences of above indicators were statistically significant between the experimental-M,-H groups,control group and model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Barretinib can reduce the lung inflammatory response and improves the level of tight junction protein in lung tissue to protect ALI mice by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.